Official Starting Equations (OSEs) for Engineering Physics I Appropriate identifying labels can be added as subscripts, including replacement

of 0 and i by labels associated with initial states. Component versions of vector Official Starting Equations are also OSEs. Vectors: for average: Kinematics: P Constant a : P P P P r = r 0 + v 0 )t + a ()t)2 P P P v = v 0 + a )t P P P P r = r 0 + (v 0 + v ))t x = x0 +v0x )t+ax ()t)2 vx = v0x + ax )t vx 2 = v0x 2 +2ax (x!x0 ) y = y0 +v0y )t+ay()t)2 vy = v0y + ay )t vy2 = v0y2 + 2ay(y!y0 ) P $ $ $ A = Ax i + Ay j + Az k P P P C =A +B Y P A = |A | = (Ax 2 + Ay2 + Az2) Cx = Ax + Bx Cy = Ay + By P P P P A B / A + (!B ) Cz = Az + Bz

calculus: Mx sin(x) = cos(x) Mx e x = e x Mx cos(x) = !sin(x) chain rule: Mx f[y(x)] = ( My f) A( Mx y) if x n1, (1+x) q .1+ qx + O(x 2) f(x+ )x)-f(x) = E ( )x) n Mxn f /n!

Projectile motion

y(x) = y0 + tan 20 (x-x0 ) - g (x-x0 )2/[2(v0 cos20 )2] t at y = ymax t= v0 sin 20 /g

ymax = y0 + (v0 sin 20 )2/(2g)

Range R = xmax - x0 = v0 2 sin (220 )/g 3 Fx = max 3 Fy = may P P F ab = !F ba P g /| g | = gE = 9.8 m/s2

Newtons Laws: Earths gravity: Friction: Relative motion: Circular motion: Dot product: Spring: Work: Work-KE: Power: Potential Energy:

P P 3 F = ma

P Fgrav = (mg, down) = ! mg ^ j Fs # :s FN Fk = :k FN

(if y-axis is up)

P P/A = P P/B + P B/A r r r

ac = v2 /R dv/dt=adir P v P C B = A B cos2 = A B P A AB direction of P = Ax Bx + Ay By + Az Bz A

f f

trigonom etry: sin(45) = cos(45) = /2 sin(37) = cos(53) = 3/5 sin(30) = cos(60) = cos(37) = sin(53) = 4/5 cos(30) = sin(60) = /3 if 2(rad) n1, sin 2.2 + O( 23) & cos2 .1 22

Fs(tretch direction) = !k) s where )s is the stretch from relaxed, equilibrium length P [WF]i6f = m F C d P R
i

[WF]i6f = m Fx (x) dx
i

P F constant

P P Y [WF]i6f = F C D

K = mv2 PF = d WF /dt Uf Ui = (Wc)i6f Uspring(s) = ks2

[Wnet]i6f = )K P P PF = F C v P P Fx( r ) = !MU( r )/Mx

Wspring = k(sf 2 si2 )

Ugrav(y) = mgy near surface,with y-axis up Ef !Ei = (Wother)i6f

Mechanical Energy: Total Energy: Universal Gravitation: Grav Energy Orbital Motion: Center of Mass (CM):

E=K+U

=E+g
UG (r) = GmM/r T2 = [4B2 /(GM)]a3

i = f (for a closed system)

P FG on m at P = m P loc( r ) g P r G = 6.710!11 N-m2/kg2 (a = semi-major axis) P P Mtot R cm = I r D dV P P 3 F ext = Mtot a cm

P FG, pair = (GmM/r2, attractive)

P P P P Mtot R cm = 3mn r n = 3(mfilled )n r n 3(mholes)n r n P P Mtot V cm = 3 mn v n P P Mtot a cm = 3 mn a n P P 3 F = d p /dt

n n

Particle Momentum: System Momentum:

P P p = mv P P = 3m v P = Mtot Vcm

P 3 Fext = d - /dt

Impulse: Rocket Motion: 1-D rocket motion Angular kinematics:

tf P P J F = m F(t) dt ti Fthrust = ve | d M/dt | P g loc & d M/dt constant Tz = d2/dt

P P P J net = p f ! p i

P J ext = - f - i

P P

P P P Fthrust + Fext = M a rocket

Y )v y = vey ln[Mi /Mf ] + gloc,y (MiMf)/# d M/dt#

2]x T]v "]a J]F a tangential = az = R" T z = T oz+"z )t acentripetal = aradial = RT2 (T z)2 = (T oz )2 + 2"z (2 2o)

"z = dTz /dt

vtangential = vz = RT Constant "z : 2 = 2o+Toz )t +"z ()t)2

Moment of inertia about axis q: Iq = 3 mn (dnq )2 Rotation KE about fixed pivot: Kp = Ip Tp 2 Total KE for moving object: Cross Product:

Parallel Axis Theorem: Iq = ( Icm )||q + M( Dq,cm )2

Ktotal = Ktrans + Krot = MVcm 2 + Icm Tcm 2

Rolling: Vcm = Tcm R

P P A B = (A B sin2AB , direction by right hand thumb rule) $ $ $ = (Ay Bz Az By) i + (Az Bx Ax Bz) j + (Ax By Ay Bx ) k P P P J =r F P P P R =r p P P L= 3 Rn P P L= IT f = 1/T P J = | J | = RFz = RFtang = Rz F = Rtang F P P 3 J = d R /dt P P 3 J ext = d L /dt Lz = ITz T = 2Bf = 2B/T x(t) = A cos(Tt + N) simple pendulum: T = (g / L) phys pendulum: T = (MtotgDP,CM /IP ) q(t)= Ao e!"t cos(Tt + N) with T 2 = To 2 !"2 3 Jz = I"z (Itot)q = 3Inq W = IJz d2

Torque: Angular Momentum of a Particle: of a System: Rigid Rotations: Period and frequency: Simple Harmonic Oscillator: Examples:

P # R # = R = r p sin2rp = r pz = rz p

ax (t) = d 2x /dt 2 = !T2 x(t)

spring-mass system: T = (k / m) torsional oscillator: T = (6 / I ) d 2q /dt 2 = ! To 2q(t) ! 2" dq/dt Fext,x (t) = Fmax cos(Td t) Y Y

Damped Oscillator: Forced Oscillator:

x(t) = (Fmax /m)/[(To 2 !Td 2 )2 + 4"2 Td 2 ] cos(Td t + N)

Fluids: Traveling waves: speed

P=dF/dA y(x,t)=A sin[1(x,t)] v = 8f = T/k

Pbelow !Pabove=Dgh 1(x,t) = kx Tt+N = kx x ! Tt + No vx = !(M1/Mt)'(M1/Mx) longitudinal: v2 =B/D

B=Dfluid gVdisp where k = 2B / 8

transverse string: v2 =FT /: power Doppler Wave interference: P1-D = :T2 A2 v fO =fS(v!vOx )/(v!vSx ), y(x,t) = y1 (x,t) + y2 (x,t)

A2 (r)n % 1/rn-1 where n = dimensionality of wave

^ aimed from S(ource) to O(bserver) i

Beat frequency = # f2 f1 #

& v = wave speed

standing wave: y(x,t) = 2A sin(kx) cos(Tt)

Heating Processes: Heat Transfer:

monatomic (N=1)

Q = m c )T = n C )T

Qphase change = mLphase change

Expansion: )L = "Lo )T Hradiation = AeFT4

Hconduction = A(Thot S Tcold ) / ERn with Rn=Ln /kn CV = (+N)R CP = CV +R

Ideal diatomic (N=2) Gas: PV= nRT

)Uideal gas = nCV )T even if V not constant Thermo (1st Law): (2nd Law): Wfluid =IP dV e = # Wnet# / # Qhot# # 1(Tcold /Thot)

PVCp/Cv = const for adiabatic (Q=0)

)U=Qnet in SWnet out dS=dQ/T