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fatigue=Extreme tiredness,typically resulting from mental or physical exertion or illness. pervasive=spread throughout.

The corruption is so pervasive that it is accepted as the way to do business. Skeptical=not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations: the public were deeply skeptical about some of the proposals. Decipher=convert (a text written in code, or a coded signal) into normal language: enable the government to decipher coded computer transmissions. succeed in understanding, interpreting, or identifying (something): an expression she could not decipher came and went upon his face. Tranquil=free from disturbance; calm: her tranquil gaze | the sea was tranquil.
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Hostile=unfriendly; antagonistic: a hostile audience | he wrote a ferociously hostile attack. of or belonging to a military enemy: hostile aircraft. [ predic. ] opposed: people are very hostile to the idea. (of a takeover bid) opposed by the company to be bought. confrontation |knfrntSHn| noun a hostile or argumentative meeting or situation between opposing parties: a confrontation with the legislature | four months of violent confrontation between government and opposition forces. relinquish |riliNGkwiSH| verb [ with obj. ] voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up: he relinquished his managerial role to become chief executive. squarely: directly, without deviating to one side: Ashley looked at him squarely. in a direct and uncompromising manner; without equivocation: they placed the blame squarely on the president. Tame: 1 (of an animal) not dangerous or frightened of people; domesticated: the fish are so tame you have to push them away from your face mask. not exciting, adventurous, or controversial: network TV on Saturday night is a pretty tame affair. informal (of a person) willing to cooperate. 2 (of a plant) produced by cultivation. (of land) cultivated.

knee-jerk |ni rk| adjective [ attrib. ] (of a response) automatic and unthinking: a knee-jerk reaction. (of a person) responding in this way: knee-jerk radicals. bashing |baSHiNG| noun [ usu. with modifier ] informal violent physical assault: nine incidents of gay bashing were reported to the police. severe criticism: press bashing. incapacitated |inkpasittid| adjective deprived of strength or power; debilitated: Richard was temporarily incapacitated. incapacitate |inkpasitt| verb [ with obj. ] prevent from functioning in a normal way: he was incapacitated by a heart attack. Law deprive (someone) of their legal capacity debilitate |dibilitt, d-| verb [ with obj. ] make (someone) weak and infirm: a weakness that debilitates him despite his overwhelming physical might | (as adj. debilitated) : a debilitated patient. hinder, delay, or weaken: hard drugs destroy families and debilitate communities.

vague |vg| adjective of uncertain, indefinite, or unclear character or meaning: many patients suffer vague symptoms. thinking or communicating in an unfocused or imprecise way: he had been very vague about his activities.

intuition |int noun

ooi

n|

the ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning: we shall allow our intuition to guide us. a thing that one knows or considers likely from instinctive feeling rather than conscious reasoning: your insights and intuitions as a native speaker are positively sought.

endorse |endrs| also dated indorse verb [ with obj. ] 1 declare one's public approval or support of: the report was endorsed by the college. recommend (a product) in an advertisement. 2 sign (a check or bill of exchange) on the back to make it payable to someone other than the stated payee or to accept responsibility for paying it. (usu. be endorsed on) write (a comment) on the front or back of a document.

flawed |fld| adjective blemished, damaged, or imperfect in some way: flawed crystals. (of a person) having a weakness in character: a flawed hero. detrimental |detrmentl| adjective tending to cause harm: releasing the documents would be detrimental to national security | moving her could have a detrimental effect on her health. awful |fl| adjective 1 very bad or unpleasant: the place smelled awful | I look awful in a swimsuit | an awful speech. extremely shocking; horrific: awful, bloody images. [ attrib. ] used to emphasize the extent of something, esp. something unpleasant or negative: I've made an awful fool of myself. (of a person) very unwell, troubled, or unhappy: I felt awful for being so angry with him | you look awfulyou should go and lie down. 2 archaic inspiring reverential wonder or fear. adverb [ as submodifier ] informal

awfully; very: we're an awful long way from the main road.

dread |dred| verb [ with obj. ] anticipate with great apprehension or fear: Jane was dreading the party | [ with infinitive ] : I dread to think what Russell will say. archaic regard with great awe or reverence. noun 1 great fear or apprehension: the thought of returning to New Jersey filled her with dread | [ in sing. ] : I used to have a dread of Sunday afternoons. 2 informal a person with dreadlocks. (dreads) dreadlocks.

rigor |rigr| noun 1 (Brit. rigour )the quality of being extremely thorough, exhaustive, or accurate: his analysis is lacking in rigor. severity or strictness: the full rigor of the law. (rigors) demanding, difficult, or extreme conditions: the rigors of a harsh winter. 2 Medicine a sudden feeling of cold with shivering accompanied by a rise in temperature, often with copious sweating, esp. at the onset or height of a fever. short for rigor mortis. concise |knss| adjective giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief but comprehensive: a concise account of the country's history.

amenity |menit, m-| noun ( pl. amenities ) (usu. amenities) a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place: heating is regarded as a basic amenity. the pleasantness of a place or a person: the exertion of amenity toward the boss.

credential |krdenCHl| noun (usu. credentials) a qualification, achievement, personal quality, or aspect of a person's background, typically when used to indicate that they are suitable for something: recruitment is based mainly on academic credentials. a document or certificate proving a person's identity or qualifications. a letter of introduction given by a government to an ambassador before a new posting. omnipotent |mniptnt| adjective (of a deity) having unlimited power; able to do anything. having ultimate power and influence: an omnipotent sovereign.

craving |krviNG| noun a powerful desire for something: a craving for chocolate. innate |int| adjective inborn; natural: her innate capacity for organization. prejudice |prejds| noun 1 preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience: English prejudice against foreigners | anti-Jewish prejudices. dislike, hostility, or unjust behavior formed on such a basis: accusations of racial prejudice. 2 chiefly Law harm or injury that results or may result from some action or judgment: prejudice resulting from delay in the institution of the proceedings. verb [ with obj. ] 1 give rise to prejudice in (someone); make biased: the statement might prejudice the jury. 2 chiefly Law cause harm to (a state of affairs): delay is likely to prejudice the child's welfare.

reinforcement |r-infrsmnt| noun the action or process of reinforcing or strengthening. the process of encouraging or establishing a belief or pattern of behavior, esp. by encouragement or reward. (reinforcements) extra personnel sent to increase the strength of an army or similar force: a small force would hold the position until reinforcements could be sent. the strengthening structure or material employed in reinforced concrete or plastic. carnage |krnij| noun the killing of a large number of people. notion |n noun 1 a conception of or belief about something: children have different notions about the roles of their parents | I had no notion of what her words meant. 2 an impulse or desire, esp. one of a whimsical kind: she had a notion to call her friend at work. 3 (notions) items used in sewing, such as buttons, pins, and hooks. skeptical |skeptikl|(Brit. sceptical ) adjective 1 not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations: the public were deeply skeptical about some of the proposals. 2 Philosophy relating to the theory that certain knowledge is impossible n|

wink |wiNGk| verb [ no obj. ] close and open one eye quickly, typically to indicate that something is a joke or a secret or as a signal of affection or greeting: he winked at Nicole as he passed. (wink at) pretend not to notice (something bad or illegal): the authorities winked at their illegal trade.

(of a bright object or a light) shine or flash intermittently. noun an act of closing and opening one eye quickly, typically as a signal: Barney gave him a knowing wink. ailment |lmnt| noun an illness, typically a minor one. glutton |gltn-| noun habitual greed or excess in eating. greed |grd| noun intense and selfish desire for something, esp. wealth, power, or food. sedentar |sednter| adjective (of a person) tending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive. (of work or a way of life) characterized by much sitting and little physical exercise. (of a position) sitting; seated. alarming |lrmiNG| adjective worrying or disturbing: our countryside is disappearing at an alarming rate. abattoir |abtwr| noun a slaughterhouse.

content 1 |kntent| adjective in a state of peaceful happiness: he seemed more content, less bitter. satisfied with a certain level of achievement, good fortune, etc., and not wishing for more: he had to be content with third place | the duke was content to act as Regent.

verb [ with obj. ] satisfy (someone): nothing would content her. (content oneself with) accept as adequate despite wanting more or better: we contented ourselves with a few small purchases. noun |kntnt| 1 a state of satisfaction: the greater part of the century was a time of content. 2 a member of the British House of Lords who votes for a particular motion.

considerate |knsidrt| adjective careful not to cause inconvenience or hurt to others: the quietest and most considerate tenants possible. archaic showing careful thought: be considerate over your handwriting.

crook |krook| noun 1 the hooked staff of a shepherd. a bishop's crozier. a bend in something, esp. at the elbow in a person's arm: her head was cradled in the crook of Luke's left arm. a piece of extra tubing that can be fitted to a brass instrument to lower the pitch by a set interval. a metal tube on which the reed of some wind instruments (such as the bassoon) is set. 2 informal a person who is dishonest or a criminal. verb [ with obj. ] bend (something, esp. a finger as a signal): he crooked a finger for the waitress. adjectiveAustral./NZ informal (esp. of a situation) bad, unpleasant, or unsatisfactory: it was pretty crook on the land in the early 1970s. (of a person or a part of the body) unwell or injured: a crook knee. dishonest; illegal: some pretty crook things went on there.

eternit |itrnit| noun ( pl. eternities ) infinite or unending time: their love was sealed for eternity | this state of affairs has lasted for all eternity . a state to which time has no application; timelessness. Theology endless life after death: immortal souls destined for eternity. used euphemistically to refer to death: he could have crashed the car and taken them both to eternity. (an eternity) informal a period of time that seems very long, esp. on account of being tedious or annoying: a silence that lasted an eternity.

We are drowning in information but starving for knowledge and wisdom.

foster |fstr, fs-| verb [ with obj. ] 1 encourage or promote the development of (something, typically something regarded as good): the teacher's task is to foster learning. develop (a feeling or idea) in oneself: appropriate praise helps a child foster a sense of selfworth. 2 bring up (a child that is not one's own by birth). adjective denoting someone that has a specified family connection through fostering rather than birth: foster parent | foster child. involving or concerned with fostering a child: foster care | foster home.

congenial |knjn l| adjective (of a person) pleasant because of a personality, qualities, or interests that are similar to one's own: his need for some congenial company.

(of a thing) pleasant or agreeable because suited to one's taste or inclination: he went back to a climate more congenial to his cold stony soul.

acquire |kw )r| verb [ with obj. ] buy or obtain (an object or asset) for oneself. learn or develop (a skill, habit, or quality): you must acquire the rudiments of Greek | I've never acquired a taste for whiskey. achieve (a particular reputation) as a result of one's behavior or activities. attune |t oon|

verb [ with obj. ] (usu. be attuned) make receptive or aware: a society more attuned to consumerism than ideology | (as adj. attuned) : the department is very attuned politically. accustom or acclimatize: students are not attuned to making decisions. [ no obj. ] become receptive to or aware of: a conscious attempt to attune to the wider audience. make harmonious: the interests of East and West are now closely attuned. unspectacular |nspektak lr, -spk-| adjective not spectacular; unremarkable: she had been an unspectacular student.

spectacular |spektak lr| adjective beautiful in a dramatic and eye-catching way: spectacular mountain scenery. strikingly large or obvious: the party suffered a spectacular loss in the election. noun an event such as a pageant or musical, produced on a large scale and with striking effects.

peripheral |prifrl| adjective

of, relating to, or situated on the edge or periphery of something: the peripheral areas of Europe. of secondary or minor importance; marginal: she will see their problems as peripheral to her own. [ attrib. ] (of a device) able to be attached to and used with a computer, although not an integral part of it. Anatomy near the surface of the body, with special reference to the circulation and nervous system: lymphocytes from peripheral blood.

enhance |enhans| verb [ with obj. ] intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of: his refusal does nothing to enhance his reputation | computer techniques that enhance images.

conducive |knd adjective

oosiv|

making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible: the harsh lights and cameras were hardly conducive to a relaxed atmosphere.

pessimism |pesmizm| noun a tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen; a lack of hope or confidence in the future: the dispute cast an air of deep pessimism over the future of the peace talks. Philosophy a belief that this world is as bad as it could be or that evil will ultimately prevail over good. skeptic |skeptik| Brit. sceptic noun 1 a person inclined to question or doubt all accepted opinions. a person who doubts the truth of Christianity and other religions; an atheist or agnostic. 2 Philosophy an ancient or modern philosopher who denies the possibility of knowledge, or even rational belief, in some sphere. complacent |kmplsnt|

adjective showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements: you can't afford to be complacent about security.

menace |mens| noun a person or thing that is likely to cause harm; a threat or danger: a new initiative aimed at beating the menace of drugs | the snakes are a menace to farm animals. a threatening quality, tone, or atmosphere: he spoke the words with a hint of menace. often humorous a person or thing that causes trouble or annoyance: his kid sister, that chatty little menace, had become the knockout of the neighborhood. verb [ with obj. ] threaten, esp. in a malignant or hostile manner: Africa's elephants are still menaced by poaching. virtuous |vrCHws| adjective having or showing high moral standards: she considered herself very virtuous because she neither drank nor smoked. archaic (esp. of a woman) chaste. maneuver |mnoovr|(Brit. manoeuvre ) noun 1 a movement or series of moves requiring skill and care: spectacular jumps and other daring maneuvers. a carefully planned scheme or action, esp. one involving deception: shady financial maneuvers. the fact or process of taking such action: the economic policy provided no room for maneuver . 2 (maneuvers) a large-scale military exercise of troops, warships, and other forces: the Russian vessel was on maneuvers . verb ( maneuvers, maneuvering , maneuvered ) 1 move skillfully or carefully: [ no obj. ] : the truck was unable to maneuver comfortably in the narrow street | [ with obj. ] : I'm maneuvering a loaded tray around the floor. 2 [ with obj. ] carefully guide or manipulate (someone or something) in order to achieve an end: they were maneuvering him into a betrayal of his countryman.

[ no obj. ] carefully manipulate a situation to achieve an end: (as noun maneuvering) : two decades of political maneuvering. hover |hvr| verb [ no obj. ] remain in one place in the air: army helicopters hovered overhead. remain poised uncertainly in one place or between two states: her hand hovered over the console | his expression hovered between cynicism and puzzlement. (of a person) wait or linger close at hand in a tentative or uncertain manner: she hovered anxiously in the background. remain at or near a particular level: inflation will hover around the 4 percent mark. noun [ in sing. ] an act of remaining in the air in one place. illusion |iloo Hn| noun a thing that is or is likely to be wrongly perceived or interpreted by the senses: the illusion makes parallel lines seem to diverge by placing them on a zigzag-striped background. a deceptive appearance or impression: the illusion of family togetherness | the tension between illusion and reality. a false idea or belief: he had no illusions about the trouble she was in. gaggle |gagl| noun 1 a flock of geese. 2 informal a disorderly or noisy group of people: the gaggle of reporters and photographers that dogged his every step. boo-boo |bu bu| noun ( pl. boo-boos ) informal a mistake: you could make a big boo-boo if you leap to any drastic conclusions. a minor injury, such as a scratch: there is no one to kiss the boo-boo!

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