UNIT 3 FANS & BLOWERS

LECTURE - 4

APPLICATIONS OF FANS & BLOWERS CLASSIFICATION OF FANS & BLOWERS TYPES OF FANS & BLOWERS UTILITY IN INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FLOW CONTROL REQUIREMENT & STRATEGIES EFFICIENT SYSTEM OPERATION

FANS & BLOWERS ARE USED TO MOVE AIR FROM ONE PLACE TO OTHER AGAINST THE SYSTEM PRESSURE THEY ARE USED WHERE HIGH VOLUME FLOW IS REQUIRED AGAINST LOW SYSTEM PRESSURE TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF FANS & BLOWERS HVAC SYSTEM FANS & BLOWERS AHUs, FCUs AERATION SYSTEMS BOILER / FURNACE INDUCED DRAFT/FORCED DRAFT CLEANING / EXHAUST SYSTEMS / PRODUCT COOLING ETC. ASME DEFINITION Specific Ratio is ratio of discharge pressure over suction pressure. 1000 mmWG ~ 0.1 bar In common nomenclature EQUIPMENT WITH EVEN HIGH PRESSURE RISE ARE TERMED AS BLOWERS

CLASSIFICATION OF FANS & BLOWERS

CLASSIFICATION OF FANS

CENTRIFUGAL FANS AXIAL FANS

FLOW OF AIR IS ALONG ROTATION AXIS
DEPENDING ON DESIGN CLASSIFIED AS TUBE AXIAL, VANE AXIAL & PROPELLER TUBE AXIAL SUITED FOR MEDIUM-HIGH PRESSURE (250-400 mmWC) WITH DUCTING ETC. VANE AXIAL Upto 500 mmWC, ENERGY EFFICIENT, SUITED FOR DUCTING ETC. PROPELLAR HIGH DISCHARGE, LOW PRESSURE, SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION, USED FOR OUTDOOR / HARSH APPLICATIONS FLOW OF AIR IS TANGENTIAL TO THE CIRCLE OF FAN RORATION DEPENDING ON DESIGN CLASSIFIED AS RADIAL BLADE, FORWARD CURED & BACKWARD CURVED RADIAL BLADE SUITABLE FOR HIGH PRESSURES FORWARD CURVED HIGH FLOW & LOW PRESSURE BACKWARD CURVED SUITABLE FOR VARYING BACK PRESSURE APPLICATIONS LIKE FORCED DRAFT FANS

CLASSIFICATION OF BLOWERS
Blowers can achieve much higher pressures than fans, as high as 1.20 kg/cm2. They are also used to produce negative pressures for industrial vacuum systems. Major types are: centrifugal blower and positive-displacement blower.

Positive-displacement blowers
Rotors "trap" air and push it through housing. Provide a constant volume of air even if the system pressure varies. They are especially suitable for applications prone to clogging, since they can produce enough pressure typically up to 1.25 kg/cm2

CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER TYPICAL PRESSURE 0.35-0.7 KG/CM2 MOST COMMONLY USED IN APPLICATIONS WITH LESS VARIATION OF BACK PRESSURE

FAN CURVE SYSTEM CURVE OPERATING POINT FAN LAWS

SYSTEM CURVE
System resistance refers to the static pressure. The system resistance is the sum of static pressure losses in the system like ducts, pickups, elbows and the pressure drops across equipment, for example bag filter or cyclone. The system resistance increases substantially as the volume of air flowing through the system increases; square of air flow Conversely, resistance decreases as flow decreases. A graph showing variation of flow & resistance for a given system is called system curve

FAN LAWS

FAN CURVE CHARACTERISTIC OF A FAN Graphical representation of typically

fan volume flow, system static pressure, fan speed and brake horsepower required to drive the fan under the stated conditions. AS RESISTANCE IN CIRCUIT INCREASES, FLOW DECREASES LOW RESISTANCE HIGH FLOW

PERFORMACE EVALUATION TESTS

Fan efficiency is the ratio between the power transferred to the air stream and the power delivered by the motor to the fan. The power of the airflow is the product of the pressure and the flow.

STEPS FOR EVALUATION OF FAN EFFICIENCY DETERMINE GAS DENSITY MEASURE AIR VELOCITY BY PITOT TUBE / ACCURATE ANEMOMETER MEASURE DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ACROSS FAN MEASURE ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIRED IN KW CALCULATE FAN EFFICIENCY BY EQUALISING THE UNITS IN NUMERATOR & DENOMINATOR

FLOW CONTROL REQUIREMENT & STRATEGIES

Damper Controls Easy to install Reduce flow but energy consumption decreases very marginally Pulley Change Permanent change is introduced Significant reduction in power consumption Variable Speed Drives SPEED CAN BE VARIED MECHANICALLY BY COUPLINGS, ADJUSTABLE PULLEYS ETC. SPEED CAN BE VARIED BY VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES MOST ENERGY EFFICIENT METHOD FOR FLOW VARIATION

Inlet Guide Vanes Create swirls in the fan direction thereby lessening the angle between incoming air and fan blades, and thus lowering fan load, pressure and airflow Cost effective only for 80-100% air flow variation

Series and Parallel Operation For low resistance system parallel operation of fans can be used for flow control For higher pressures, series operation can be employed

ENERGY EFFICIENT SYSTEM OPERATION

Minimizing system demand reducing fan duty Change of impeller by a high efficiency impeller along with cone. Change of fan assembly as a whole, by a higher efficiency fan Impeller derating (by a smaller dia impeller) Change of metallic / Glass reinforced Plastic (GRP) impeller by the more energy efficient hollow FRP impeller with aerofoil design, in case of axial flow fans, where significant savings have been reported Fan speed reduction by pulley dia modifications for derating Option of two speed motors or variable speed drives for variable duty conditions Option of energy efficient flat belts, or, cogged raw edged V belts, in place of conventional V belt systems, for reducing transmission losses. Adopting inlet guide vanes in place of discharge damper control Minimizing system resistance and pressure drops by improvements in duct system