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all categoriesFeaturedRecentPeopleAuthorsStudentsResearchersPublishersGovernment & NonprofitsBusinessesMusiciansArtists & DesignersTeachers+ all categoriesMost FollowedPopular..Sign Up|Log In.. 1First Page Previous Page Next Page / 27Sections not available Zoom Out Zoom In Fullscreen Exit FullscreenSelect View Mode View ModeSlideshowScroll ...Readcast Add a Comment Embed & Share Reading should be social! Post a message on your social networks to let others k now what you're reading. Select the sites below and start sharing.Readcast this Document.. Login to Add a Comment.. Share & Embed.Add to Collections Download this Document for FreeAuto-hide: on MODULE 1: INDUSTRIALMODULE 1: INDUSTRIALRELATIONSRELATIONSWhenWhen businessbus iness waswas small,small, therethere waswas nono problemproblem.. WhenWhen bigbi g andand elaborateelaborate organisationsorganisations developed,developed, thet he problemproblem developeddeveloped duringduring thethe 1919thth centurycentury .. DuringDuring earlyearly 2020thth centurycentury whenwhen giganticgigantic ind ustrialindustrial empiresempires andand financialfinancial tycoonstycoons cameca me intointo businessbusiness followedfollowed byby technologytechnologyof of mas smass production,production, thethe labourlabour management management becamebec ame anan important important subject subject of of studystudy.. At At thisthis p oint point of of time,time, largelarge numbernumber of of peoplepeople camecame toto workwork togethertogether underunder oneone roof roof inin anan organisatio norganisation Contd.Contd. The Industrial evolution has passed throughThe Industrial evolution has passed throughthese stages:these stages: 1. Primitive Stage1. Primitive Stage 2. A grarian Economy stage2. Agrarian Economy stage 3. Serfdom stage3. Serfdom stage 4. Han dicraft stage4. Handicraft stage 5. Cottage or Putting5. Cottage or Putting--out st ageout stage 6. Factory of Industrial Capitalim Stage.6. Factory of Industrial Cap italim Stage. PRIMITIVE STAGE:PRIMITIVE STAGE: NecessitiesNecessities of of lifelife werewere s implesimple andand fewfew.. IncludedIncluded hunting,hunting, fishing,fishing, c ollectingcollecting withwith thethe aidaid of of crudecrude implementsimplements .. FamiliesFamilies workedworked sideside byby sideside withwith nono specilisat ion,specilisation, except except physicalphysical differencedifference betweenbe tween thethe sexessexes onon thethe dependencedependence onon traditiontradition .. ProductionProduction waswas just just sufficient sufficient forfor consumptionc onsumption.. ThereTherewaswas nono savingssavings,, nono accumulationaccumulatio n of of wealthwealth andand nono exchangeexchange of of productsproducts.. Autho rityAuthority waswas exercisedexercised withinwithin thethe familyfamily byby el derlyelderly membersmembers.. CommunicationCommunication waswas faceface toto fa ceface asas thethe groupgroup usedused toto bebe aa smallsmall unit unit.. AGRARIANAGRARIANE C ONOMYE C ONOMY STAGESTAGE::It It developeddeveloped during during thethe middlemiddle agesages andand thethe concept concept about about th ethe propertyproperty got got changedchanged duringduring thisthis periodperiod. . InIn tribaltribal society,society, propertyproperty waswas commoncommon andand collectivecollective asset asset of of thethe group,group, but but nownow it i

t isis identifiedidentified asas personalpersonal asset asset of of thethe landl and-- lordlord..Thus,Thus, therethere developeddeveloped twotwo typetype of of c lassesclasses oneone withwith propertiesproperties andand thethe otherother prope rtyproperty-- lessless workersworkers.. TheThe workersworkers werewere treatedtr eated asas slavesslaves..TheThe relationrelation betweenbetween thethe twotwo wa swas that that of of aa master/servant master/servant oror master/slavemaster/s lave typetype.. AGRARIAN E C ONOMY STAGEAGRARIAN E C ONOMY STAGE Contd.Contd.SlavesSlaves werew ere requiredrequired toto dodo manualmanual andand otherother worksworks of of t heirtheir mastersmasters throughthrough out out theirtheir liveslives.. TheyThey werewere not not paidpaid anyany wageswages.. Food,Food, oldold clothesclothes andand aa smallsmall placeplace toto livelive werewere providedprovided byby the the mastermaster toto thethe slavesslaves.. SlavesSlaves hadhad toto livelive un derunder thethe absoluteabsolute authorityauthority of of hishis mastermaster ti lltill hishis deathdeath..TheThe mastersmasters hadhad totallytotally overover-poweredpowered thethe slavesslaves inin allall mattersmatters.. Government Gover nment hadhad nono authorityauthority toto controlcontrol thethe mastersmasters.. PoliticalPolitical organisationsorganisations inin fact fact supportedsupported thethe authorityauthority of of thethe mastersmasters.. SERFDOM STAGESERFDOM STAGEIt It means,means, aa labourerlabourer boundbound to to anan estateestate.. It It startedstarted duringduring thethe feudalfeudal so cietysociety.. FeudalFeudal societysociety comprisedcomprised of of Princes,Prin ces, LordsLords andand thethe landland owningowning classclass whichwhich starte dstarted duringduring thethe middlemiddle agesages.. TheThepositionposition of o f aa serf serf waswas nono betterbetter thanthan aa slaveslave.. SerfsSerfs got got onlyonly aa pittancepittance forfor theirtheir hardhard workwork andand aa h ut hut toto livelive.. TheirTheir dutiesduties includedincluded productionproduc tion of of fixedfixed quantityquantity of of produceproduce andand militarymili tary serviceservice toto thethe mastermaster.. TheyThey werewere allall regarded regarded asas unfortunates,unfortunates, illiteratesilliterates.. TheyThey werew ere subjectedsubjected toto directiondirection andand dominationdomination.. HANDICRAFT STAGEHANDICRAFT STAGEDueDue toto thethe growthgrowth of of citiesci ties andand townstowns andand tradetrade andand commerce,commerce, thethe system system of of handicraftshandicrafts developeddeveloped.. ThisThisresultedresulte d inin thethe declinedecline of of powerspowers of of thethe feudalfeudal lordsl ords whowho werewere controllingcontrolling thethe systemsystem.. ThisThis waswa s oneone of of thethe best best systemssystems forfor thethe workingworking cla ssclass sincesince oneone couldcould movemove fromfrom thethe rankrank of of wor kers/employeesworkers/employees toto that that of of employers/mastersemployers /masters..TheThe workersworkers withwith skillskill startedstarted owningowning theirtheir ownown units,units, workedworked withwith theirtheir ownown toolstool s withwith thethe helphelp of of theirtheir familyfamily membersmembers.. Often, Often, it it happenedhappened inin theirtheir ownown homes/shopshomes/shops anda nd involvedinvolved mostlymostly handhand taskstasks.. TheThe productsproducts w erewere soldsold directlydirectly toto thethe customerscustomers andand nono mid dlemiddle menmen werewere involvedinvolved.. Different Different worksworks invo lvedinvolved different different typetype of of craftsmencraftsmen.. SomeSome sp ecializationspecialization waswas alsoalso inventedinvented likelike shoeshoe--m aking,making, blacksmith,blacksmith, carpentry,carpentry, pottery,pottery, cloth cloth weavingweaving etcetc.. HANDICRAFT STAGEHANDI C RAFT STAGE Contd.Contd.TheThe stagestage involvedinvolv ed teachingteaching of of thethe art/craft art/craft toto somesome youngyoung me nmen asas apprenticesapprentices.. SuchSuch apprenticesapprentices werewere boun dbound toto workwork forfor thethe matermater craftsmencraftsmen forfor specifie dspecified timetime toto learnlearn thethe craft craft.. ApprenticesApprentices werewere not not paidpaid wageswages.. TheyThey werewereprovidedprovided onlyonl y boardingboarding andand lodginglodging facilitiesfacilities.. AfterAfter succe ssfulsuccessful completioncompletion of of apprenticeapprentice training,trainin g, theythey couldcould settlesettle independentlyindependently.. AnAn apprentice apprentice waswas regardedregarded asas aa superiorsuperior toto that that of of

aa labourerlabourer andand inferiorinferior toto thethe MasterMaster HANDICRAFT STAGEHANDI C RAFT STAGE ContdContdDuringDuring thisthis period,perio d, guildsguilds werewere developeddeveloped whichwhich regulatedregulated econom iceconomic andand employment employment conditionsconditions of of thethe member smembers.. It It alsoalso regulatedregulated thethe qualityquality of of thethe materialsmaterials andand thethe craftsmanship,craftsmanship, pricesprices andan d wageswages of of thethe workersworkers.. TheThe guildsguildsstartedstarted pro vidingproviding certaincertain benefitsbenefits toto itsits workersworkers likel ike death,death, disabilitydisability andand unemployment unemployment benefitsb enefits whichwhich areare akinakin toto modernmodern craftscrafts unionunion COTTAGE ORPUTTINGCOTTAGE ORPUTTING--OUT STAGEOUT STAGETheThe invent invent of of steamsteam andand powerpower andand development development of of economicecon omic systemsystem resultedresulted inin individualsindividuals becomingbecoming employeesemployees inin thethe newnew industrialindustrial unitsunits.. SomeSome othersothers undertookundertook toto buybuy rawraw--materialsmaterials andand s upplysupply themthem toto othersothers.. SomeSome peoplepeople startedstarted fi nancingfinancing thethe craftsmencraftsmen oror peoplepeople whowho workedworked fromfrom theirtheir homes/shopshomes/shops.. SomeSome of of thethe peoplepeopl e startedstarted actingacting asas agentsagents toto collect collect thethe fini shedfinished goodsgoods andand soldsold themthem forfor profit profit.. ThisThis systemsystemwaswas calledcalled asas CottageCottage oror PuttingPutting --out out systemsystem.. UnderUnder thisthis system,system, thethe craftsmencraf tsmen werewere paidpaid wageswages onon piecepiece--workwork basisbasis forfor t hethe workwork donedone byby himhim.. TheThe finishedfinished productsproductswerewere delivereddelivered toto thethe financierfinancier whowho hadhad financedfinanced themthem.. FA C TORY OR INDUSTRIALCAPITALISM STAGEFA C TORY OR INDUSTRIALCAPITALISM STAGETheThe invent invent of of technology,technolo gy, thethe experienceexperience gainedgained byby thethe craftsmencraftsmen anda nd thethe passagepassage of of timetime mademade thethe craftsmencraftsmen toto installinstall hishis ownown machinery,machinery, poweredpowered--toolstools and and equipment equipment andand offeredoffered employment employment inin thethe newlynewly built built workshopsworkshops oror factoriesfactories..TheThe cottag ecottage workersworkers oror slavesslaves becamebecame thethe factoryfactory wor kersworkers.. InIn thesethese factories,factories, largelarge numbersnumbers of of workersworkers startedstarted workingworking underunder thethe samesame roof roof.. ThisThis mademade it it possiblepossible toto supervisesupervise largelarge numb ernumber of of workersworkers moremore closelyclosely whichwhich waswas not not possiblepossible otherwiseotherwise.. FA C TORY OR INDUSTRIALCAPITALISMFA C TORY OR INDUSTRIALCAPITALISMSTAGESTAGE Continued.Continued.TheThe inventioninvention of of powerpower drivendriven mach inerymachinery mademade thesethese factoriesfactories moremore powerfulpowerful. . TheThe humanhuman labourlabour waswas replacedreplaced withwith poweredpowered m achinesmachines.. ThisThis waswas calledcalled asas `Industrial`Industrial Revolution Revolution .. U nderUnder thisthis system,system, eveneven womenwomen andand childrenchildren we rewere employedemployed sincesince thethe productionproduction operationoperatio n waswas simplifiedsimplified andand reducedreduced skillsskills werewere requir edrequired.. UnderUnder thisthis system,system, workingworking conditionsconditi ons becamebecame highlyhighly deplorabledeplorable.. HousingHousing becamebecame

anan acuteacute problemproblem.. TheThe relationshiprelationship betweenbetween thethe employeremployer andand th ethe employeesemployees becamebecame moremore andand moremore impersonalimperson al duedue toto vast vast expansionexpansion of of thethe industryindustry.. TheThe personalpersonalrelationshiprelationship lost lost itsits touchtouch.. FA C TORY OR INDUSTRIALCAPITALISMFA C TORY OR INDUSTRIALCAPITALISMSTAGESTAGE ContinuedContinuedEmployersEmployers startedstarted maintainingmaintaining stric t strict disciplinediscipline duringduring workersworkers..TheThe workersworkers werewere economicallyeconomically dependent dependent onon thethe employeremplo yer forfor theirtheir livelihoodlivelihood.. TheThe qualityquality andandquantityquantity of of productsproducts werewere ens uredensured andand thethe employeremployer ownedowned allall thethe finalfinal p roductsproducts.. TheThe lawlaw of of demanddemand andand supplysupply decideddecided thethe wagew age structurestructure.. OnceOnce wageswages werewere paid,paid, thethe employer employer nevernever botheredbothered toto enquireenquire about about thethe welf arewelfare about about thethe workerworker afterafter thethe workingworking hour shours.. TheTheworkerworker andand hishis entireentire familyfamily hadhad toto suffersuf fer whenwhen therethere waswas nono workwork sincesince therethere waswas nono p ersonalpersonal relationshiprelationship betweenbetween themthem.. TheThe maximizationmaximization of of thethe profit profit waswas thethe solesol e criteriacriteria forfor thethe employeremployer underunder thethe factoryfacto ry systemsystem.. TheThe expansionexpansion of of industryindustry andand thethe growthgrowth of o f workersworkers waswas directlydirectly proportionalproportional toto eacheach otherother.. NEED, OBJECTIVE &PRINCIPLES OF LEGALNEED, OBJE CTIVE &PRINCIPLES OF LEGALENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT 11..TheThe primaryprimaryNeedNeed isis toto bringbring about about goodgood andand healthyhealthy relationshiprela tionship betweenbetween thethe twotwo partnerspartners thethe labourlabour andand thethe management management.. 22.. ImprovingImproving economiceconomic conditioncondition of of workersworkers.. 33..ToTo regulateregulate andand controlcontrol productionproduction andand indust riesindustries byby thethe StateState.. 44..NationalisationNationalisation of of IndustriesIndustries oror commencement co mmencement of of PSUSPSUS wherewhere statestate itself itself becomesbecomes th ethe employeremployer.. 5. Vesting the proprietorship of the industries in the5. Vesting the proprietorshi p of the industries in theworkersworkers OBJE C TIVES:OBJE CTIVES: 11..ToTo safeguardsafeguard thethe interest interest of of thethe labourlab our asas wellwell asas thethe management management byby securingsecuring thethe highest highest levellevel of of mutualmutual understandingunderstanding andand goodgood willwill betweenbetween themthem.. 22..ToTo avoidavoid industrialindustrial conflictsconflicts andand developdevelop harmoniousharmonious relationshiprelationship thusthus enhancingenhancing perfor manceperformance.. 33..ToTo raiseraise productivityproductivity toto aa higherhigher levellevel byby reducingreducing labourlabour turnoverturnover andand absenteeismabsenteeism.. Module1-IRPPT Download this Document for FreePrintMobileCollectionsReport DocumentReport this

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