advantage SCM has been widely used in military, industrial, household appliances, smart to ys, portable instrumentation and

intelligent robotics and other areas of product ion, product features, greatly enhance the accuracy and quality, and the circuit is simple, low failure rate, high reliability, cost low. Microcontroller, many different types, in a simple robot production and innovation, why use AVR microc ontroller it? One, simple to learn, low-cost first of all, for non-professionals , the choice of the most important reason AVR microcontroller is the threshold i nto the AVR microcontroller development is very low, as long as the computer can learn to operate AVR microcontroller development. Just a single chip ISP downlo ad cable for beginners, to edit, debug software programs directly online through the AVR microcontroller is written, that can develop AVR microcontroller series of devices in a variety of packages. AVR microcontroller so-called first-line i n the industry to conquer the world;. Secondly, AVR microcontroller easy to upgr ade. AVR program writes directly modify the conduct of proceedings in the circui t board, burn, etc, to facilitate product upgrades. Again, AVR microcontroller i nexpensive. ISP AVR MCU learning can be used programmatically download (ie the P C, the compiled program written in the microcontroller's program memory), do not need to buy simulator, programmer, wipe devices and chip adapter, can make all development and application of AVR microcontroller, which can save a lot of deve lopment costs. Program memory erase up to 10,000 times more, no scrap. Second, h igh-speed, low power, security first, AVR microcontroller is a high-speed embedd ed microcontrollers: 1, AVR microcontroller with a pre-fetch function, that is t o execute an instruction, the pre-to the next instruction to take in, so instruc tions can be in one clock cycle the implementation. 2, multi-accumulator type, d ata processing speed. AVR microcontroller has 32 general purpose working registe rs, the equivalent of a 32 overpass, you can quickly access. 3, interrupt respon se speed. AVR microcontroller interrupt vector entry has multiple fixed address, to quickly respond to interrupt. Secondly, AVR microcontroller with low power c onsumption. For a typical power dissipation, WDT off to 100nA, more suitable for battery-powered applications. Some devices can work a minimum 1.8V. Again, AVR microcontroller performance of confidentiality. It has unbreakable lock LockBit bit encryption technology, security-bit unit deep in the chip can not be seen wi th electron microscopy. Third, I / O port function is strong, with the A / D con version circuit 1.AVR MCU I / O port is the real I / O port that can accurately reflect the I / O port input / output of the true situation. Industrial products , with high current (sink current) 10 ~ 40mA, SCR or SCR can directly drive rela ys, saving the peripheral drive device. 2.AVR with analog comparator within the microcontroller, I / O port can be used as A / D conversion, can be composed of low-cost A / D converter. ATmega48/8/16 other device with 8 10-bit A / D. 3. Par t of the AVR microcontroller peripheral components can be composed of zero-SCM s ystems to such single chip without external components to work, simple and cheap . 4.AVR microcontroller reset can reset the start in order to improve the reliab ility of microcontrollers. A watchdog timer to implement security to prevent ran dom walk process (fly), improved the product's anti-jamming capability. Fourth, there is a powerful timer / counter and the communication interface Timer / Coun ter T / C, 8-bit and 16-bit, used as a comparator. Counter external interrupt an d PWM (can be used as D / A) used to control the output, some models of the AVR microcontroller 3 to 4 PWM, is an ideal device for variable speed motor. AVR Mic rocontroller with UART interface, serial asynchronous communication, do not take up the timer and SPI synchronous transmission, because of its high speed charac teristics, it can work in the general standard integer frequency, and baud rates up to 576K.

PIC (Microchip): Many configurations (probably the most), very popular, easy to

program (35 instructions), lots of DIP-packaged chips which are easier to protot ype, samples readily available, reasonably priced, good support. Easiest to use, but quite inefficent. Best where versatility and ease of use are most important . AVR (Atmel): Not as many configurations, not quite as popular, also lots of DIPpackaged chips but not as many as PIC, faster and more efficient than PIC, more complex instruction set, samples available but somewhat harder to get, reasonabl y priced, good support. A good balance of complexity and ease of use. Best where efficiency and ease of use are equally important. 8051 (Intel): Industry standard, most popular, least amount of configurations, s amples available from many companies but still not as easy as PIC to get, some D IP packaged chips, the most expensive, don't know about support, Fastest and mos t efficient, but also the most difficult to program (150+ instructions). Best wh ere speed is of the essence and money is no object. MPS430 (Texas Instruments): has the lowest power consumption (by a longshot!)

About The Atmel AVR and the Microchip PIC are very similar (Harvard architecture) line s of microcontrollers. Advantages of Atmel AVR: Cost. At the moment, the very lowest-price microcontroller available from any ma nufacturer is the $0.54 Atmel AVR ATtiny11 6 MHz FLASH (same price for 8 pin DIP and 8 pin SOIC)(price in singles from Digikey as of 2004-07-06). Speed: Not only are most AVRs capable of 20MHz (even really cheap ones like the ATtiny25/45/85 and ATmega48), but they actually run at near 20 MIPS; the PIC chi ps I'm aware of at a higher price (for example, PIC16F88) only run at 5 MHz with a 20 MHz oscillator frequency. In addition, with the better addressing modes an d registers of the AVRs, most operation can be done in only one instruction, whe re it often takes more than one instruction to do the same thing on a PIC.+ Peripherals: Many Atmel AVR controllers, like many Microchip PIC controllers, have a built-in 10 bit ADC. Some have LCD or USB drivers. emaste-sandvine says: "One big advantage of AVRs is that they are supported by t he GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)." Disadvantages of Atmel AVR: Single source: only available from Atmel. Power: Atmel AVRs have fairly low power, but the TI MSP430 series has the lowest power of any microcontroller. Speed: near 20MIPS is great, but the SX chips regularly run at near 50MIPS and c an run at 75 or even 100 (in rare cases) AVR Advantages Microcontrollers will often allow an optimal solution, combining complex functio nality with reduced part count. A whole section of this site has been devoted sp ecifically to the AVR microcontroller. Its advantages include: Lots of bang for the buck. These chips pack lots of power (1 MIPS/MHz, clocks up to 16MHz) and space (up to 128K of flash program memory and 4K of EEPROM and SR AM) at low prices. HLL Support. Programming in high level languages, like C, helps increase reuse a nd reduce turn-around/debug time/headaches.

In-System Programmable flash--can easily program chips, even while in-circuit. Many peripherals. A whole bunch of internal and external interrupt sources and p eripherals are available on a wide range of devices (timers, UARTs, ADC, watchdo g, etc.). 32 registers. The 32 working registers (all directly usable by the ALU) help kee p performance snappy, reducing the use of time-consuming RAM access. Internal RC oscillators can be used on many chips to reduce part count further. Flexible interrupt module with multiple internal/external interrupt sources. Multiple power saving modes.