BULLETS IN FUNDAMENTALS IN NURSING

CONCEPTS HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE The person who converted to Christianity and use their wealth to provide house of care and healing (the forerunner of hospitals) for the poor, the sick and the homeless. The Knights who dedicated themselves to the care of the people with leprosy, syphilis and chronic skin conditions Lady with the Lamp. Her efforts in reforming hospitals and in producing and implementing public health policies also made her an accomplished political nurse. She was the first nurse to exert political pressure on government. Her responsibility was to organize the nursing services. She is noted for her role in establishing the American Red Cross when the US Congress ratified the treaty of Geneva. Spent her life providing nursing care to the indigent population. She is considered the founder of public health nursing. The person who defined nursing as: the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery. Defined nursing as: the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible What is the definition of nursing practice according to the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) ANSWER AND RATIONALE

What is the current definition of Nursing according to the American Nurses Association (ANA?) The recipients of nursing care are called what?

It means engaging in attitudes and behavior that enhance the quality of life and maximize personal potential (Anspaugh, Hamrick & Rosata, 2001) What is the goal of illness prevention programs? The agencies, such as hospitals, homes and extended care facilities, which helps client live as comfortable as possible until death and helping support persons cope with death. ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF NURSES Has traditionally included those activities that assist the client physically and psychologically while preserving the clients dignity. The required nursing actions may involve full care for the completely dependent client, partial care for the partially dependent client, and supportive educative care to assist clients in attaining their highest possible level of health and wellness. Is integral to all nursing roles The nurses identify client problems and then communicate these verbally or in writing to other members of the health team. The nurse helps clients learn about their health and the health care procedures they need to perform to restore or maintain their health. Role of the nurse which acts to protect the client. In this role the nurse may represent the clients needs and wishes to other health professionals, such as relaying the clients wishes for information to the physician. Is the process of helping a client recognize and cope with stressful psychologic or social problems, to develop and improved interpersonal relationships and to promote personal growth Assisting others, that is the clients, to make modifications in their own behavior. Influences others to work together to accomplish a specific goal. The nursing care of individuals, families and community. Delegates nursing activities to ancillary workers and other nurses, and supervises and evaluates their performance.

The role of the nurse when she works with the multidisciplinary health care team to measure the effectiveness of the case management plan and to monitor outcomes. CRITERIA OF A PROFESSION Is defined as an occupation that requires extensive education or a calling that requires special knowledge, skill and preparation. How a profession, can be generally distinguished from other kinds of profession?

Refers to professional character, character, spirit or methods. Is the process of becoming professional, that is, of acquiring characteristics considered to be professional RESEARCH AND EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE What is nursing research and evidenced based practice?

An approach to research which uses a systemic collection of numerical information, often under conditions of considerable control, and the analysis of the information using statistical procedures An approach to research which uses a systematic collection and analysis of more subjective narrative materials using procedures in which there tends to be a minimum of researcher imposed What are the steps in research process:

What is the important role of the nurse researcher? Means that any formation a subject relates will not be made public or available to others without the subjects consent? Means that the subjects should feel free from constraints, coercion or any undue influence to participate in a study? NURSING THEORY Combined her research and experience in the development of a theory of psychodynamic nursing, published in Interpersonal Relations in Nursing Together with bertha Hanner, she Attempted to identify those basic human needs viewed as the basis of nursing care. Acknowledging the influence of Henderson, expanded Hendersons 14 needs into 21 problems that she believed would serve as a knowledge base for nursing. An educator and psychiatric nurse, was influenced by the philosophy of existentialism, a movement that is centered on individual existence in an incomprehensible world and the role that free will plays in it, and which searches to find meaning in lifes experiences. HEALTH, WELLNESS AND ILLNESS Is a state of well being. Role performance Model

What is the focus of adaptive model? Incorporates a comprehensive view of health. How is health seen in eudemonistic model?

Is a concept from social learning theory that nurses can use to determine whether clients are likely to take action regarding health, that is, whether clients believe that their health status? What type of LOC in which people have higher initiative on their own health care? what type locus in which the people believes that is largely controlled by outside forces Is the extent to which an individuals behavior coincides with medical or health advice. Chronic illnesses usually have a slow onset and often have periods, in which the symptoms disappear? A period of chronic illness, when the symptoms reappear? What are the five stages of illness according to Suchman:

It was decribed by Canon to describe the relative constancy of the internal processes of the body, such as blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, blood pressure, body temperature, blood glucose and fluid and electrolyte balance. INDIVIDUAL, FAMILY AND COMMUNITY Refers to emotional or psychologic balance or a state of mental well being. Nursing that considers the health of the family as a unit in addition to the health of individual family members A type of family which I viewed as an autonomous unit in which both parents reside in the home with their children. What are the greatest stresses faced by working parents? Consist of unrelated individual or families who live under one roof A theorist who adapted Maslows hierarchy of needs into six levels rather than five? What category was suggested by Kalish between the physiologic needs and the safety and security needs?

CULTURAL AND HERITAGE NURSING Implies that the nurse possesses some basic knowledge of and constructive attitude toward the health traditions observed among the diverse cultural groups found in setting in which they are practicing Implies that the nurse applies the underlying background knowledge that must be possessed to provide a given client with the best possible health care Implies that within the delivered care the nurse understands and attends to the total context of the clients situation and uses a complex combination of knowledge, attitudes and skills ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY HEALING MODALITIES Defined through a social process as those practices that do not form part of the dominant system for managing health and disease What is the goal of holistic nursing as described by the American Holistics Nurses Association Uses temperatures meters or an electromyogram to help clients learn to modulate and reduce the physiologic arousal manifested in stress related disorders Is grounded in the assumption that maintaining the alignment of the spine and joints facilitates the flow of energy throughout the body NURSING PROCESS

It is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care for individuals, families, groups and communities What are the goals of nursing process?

What are the primary methods of data collection Assessment involves what steps?

What part of nursing process in which you review and modify the care plan?

Is a clinical judgment that problem does not exist, but the presence of risks factors indicates that a problem is likely to develop unless nurses intervene? Describes human responses to levels of wellness in an individual, family or community that have a readiness for enhancement. A type of nursing diagnosis in which evidence about a health problem is incomplete or unlear, it requires two or more data either to support or to refute it. It is a type of nursing diagnosis that is associated with cluster of other diagnosis. What is the purpose of diagnostic label?

Is a cognitive process during which a person reviews data and considers explanations before forming an opinion What are the three phases of the diagnostic process

What is the basic format for a nursing diagnostic statement? How are goal statements and desired outcome written? Where do you derived you clients goal/ desired outcomes It refers to the type of care/interventions in which the licensed nurse is license to prescribe or delegate The nurse knows that before implementing an intervention she should perform what appropriate action? Before you evaluate you patient what will you do?

Is an on-going, systematic process designed to evaluate and promote excellence in the health care provided care clients What are the three components of care required for quality assurance? What type of evaluation answers the following question:

What effect does the setting have on the quality of care? Is the care appropriate, complete and timely? How many clients undergoing hip repairs develop pneumonia?

Refers to the evaluation of a clients record after discharge from an agency? Refers to the evaluation of a clients health care while the client is still receiving care from the agency. Peer re view is another type of evaluation. Usually where is peer review based on? What are the two types of peer reviews? What is the focus of nursing audit? DOCUMENTING AND REPORTING What are the four basic components of POMR:

In the POMR what do you call the chart entry made by all health professionals involved in a clients care? As a nurse, how would you arrange the progress note on the Focus charting?

What the three key elements of Charting by exception (CBE) What is the advantage of CBE:

What are the things that should be included in the Kardex?

Where is your skin or wound assessment being included? THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATIONS Refers to an expression of understanding of how it is for the client who is distressed, suffering or sad. Is the study of distance between in their interaction? the distance people refer in interaction with others? What is the distance of the following: Intimate Personal Social Public What time of distance occurs, when it is more formal and is limited to seeing and hearing. It allows more activity and movement back and forth? According to Egan what are the 5 specific ways to convey physical attending.

What do you call the communication that takes place between members of any group is known as: What are the three main functions that are needed for a group to be effective?

It is a verbatim account of a conversation by the nurse and patient? What is the essence of nursing? What characteristic is unique to nursing and an essential aspect of caring? How would you know that there is an effective nurse client relationship? HEALTH TEACHING AND CLIENT EDUCATION What are the major attributes of humanism?

Science and art of teaching adults The discipline concerned with helping children learn Is the term used to described the process involved in stimulating and helping elders to learn Three main theories of learning Bloom has three learning domains DELEGATING, MANAGING and LEADING Is the transference of responsibility and authority for the performance of an activity to competent individual According to Lewin, what are the three stages of classic change: Is defined as the legitimate right to direct the work of others. Is the ability and willingness to assume responsibility for ones actions and to accept the consequences of ones behavior?

HEALTH ASSESSMENT Vital Signs What is the center that controls the core temperature? What is the point of highest temperature of the body? Progesterone secretion raises temperature to how high as? Identify the type of fever described in the following topics: The body alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures. A wide range of temperature fluctuations (more than 2C [3.6F]) occurs over the 24 hour period, all of which are above normal. Short febrile periods of a few days are

interspersed with periods of 1 or 2 days of normal temperature. The body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal temperature A temperature that rises to fever level rapidly following a normal temperature and then returns to normal within a few hours called Occurs when the cause of high temperature is suddenly remove, causing the hypothalamus to attempt to bring back to 37C causing a reduction of the body temperature: excessive sweating and a hot, flushed skin due to sudden vasodilatation What method reflects changing body temperature more quickly than the rectal method If a client has been taking cold or hot food or fluids or smoking, the nurse should wait how many minutes before taking the temperature again? How to convert temperature to: C F F C How many minutes should the thermometer stay in place if its taken: Orally/Anal Rectally What is the most preferred site for measuring temperature of the newborns because it is more accessible and offers no anal perforation? How would you assess tympanic temperature for the following: Over three years of age Under age 3 How would you measure cardiac output? What do you call the angle between the manubrium, the top of the sternum and the body of the sternum? S1 occurs when?

S2 is heard when?

How can you accurately get the apical radial pulse of the patient? In an infant where is the best site to check the

apical pulse? Rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations, from very deep to very shallow breathing and temporary apnea A shrill, harsh sound heard during inspiration with laryngeal obstruction Snoring or sonorous respiration, usually due to a partial obstruction of the upper airway Continuous, high pitched musical squek or whistling sound occurring on expiration and sometimes on inspiration when air moves through a narrowed or partially obstructed airway Gurgling sounds heard as air passes through moist secretions in the respiratory tract Identify the type of chest movements: Indrawing between the ribs Indrawing beneath the breastbone Suprasternal retraction If the respiration is regular for how many minutes should you check the rate? Where will you place your hand to check for respiration in an infant if necessary?
is the temporary disappearance of sounds normally heard over the brachial artery when the cuff pressure is high and the reappearance of the sounds at a lower level.

Identify the effects of the error listed when taking Blood Pressure
Error Bladder cuff too narrow Bladder cuff too wide Arm unsupported Insufficient rest before the assessment repeating assessment too quickly Cuff wrapped too loosely or unevenly Effect

Deflating cuff too quickly Deflating cuff too slowly Failure to use the same arm consistently Arm above level of the heart Assessing immediately after a meal or while client smokes Failure to identify auscultatory gap pressure

What is your important nursing action when using electronic or automatic blood pressure cuffs? Where can you place your pulse oximeter? What are the types of palpation? What is the difference between deep palpation and light palpation?

Deep palpation is contraindicated to what kind of patients? What part of the hand is best to use when assessing to test skin temperature? What are the two types of percussion? The nurse strikes the area to be percussed directly with the pads of two, three or four fingers or with pad of the middle finger. Is the striking of an object (e.g. a finger) held against the body area to be examined? The middle finger of the nondominant hand is placed firmly on the clients skin. Using the tip of the flexed middle finger of the other hand, the nurse strikes pleximeter, usually at the distal interphalangeal joint The following sounds are produced by what part of the body: Flatness Dullness Resonance Hyperresonance Tympany

SIDE NOTES: PERCUSSION SOUND AND TONES

SOUND Flatness Dullness Resonance Hyperresonance Tympany INTENSITY Soft Medium Loud Very loud Loud PITCH High Medium Low Very low High (distinguished mainly by musical timbre)

DURATION Short Moderate Long Very long Moderate

QUALITY Extremely dull Thudlike Hollow Booming Musical

EXAMPLE OF LOCATION Muscle, bone Liver, heart Normal lung Emphysematous lung Stomach filled with gas

Flat unelevated change in color. They are 1 mm to 1 cm in size and circumscribed Circumscribed, solid elevation of skin A circumscribed, round or oval, thin translucent mass filled with serous fluid or blood. Vesicle or bulla filled with pus An examination chart, which may be used to test near vision. It consists of paragraphs of text or characters in different sizes on a 3.5 by 6.5-in. card. The test that assesses bone conduction by testing the lateralization (sideward transmission) of sound The test compares air conduction to bone conduction the handle like superior part of the sternum that joins with the clavicles What is the shape of the thorax in the adult? A permanent deformity, may be caused by rickets? In assessing the abdomen, what quadrant are you going to start? If the client is excessively ticklish during palpation of the abdomen, what is your important nursing intervention? If you are going to palpate the spermatic cord, where will you place your thumb and index finger? What is/are the best position for females when conducting rectal examination?

ASEPSIS If glasses are worn where will you place, the mask?

Limit the number, growth and transmission of microorganism? Keep an area or objects free of all microorganisms? What protective equipment may be reused by the same nurse during a single shift caring for a single client? SAFETY What accounts for most of the lead poisoning today? Older people have trouble seeing the edges of stairs. What will you do to decrease the incident of falls? When a client falls, what is the priority action of the nurse? When a fire occurs in a clients room, the priority of the nurse is? What is the major reason for poisoning in children? HYGIENE What are the types of cleaning baths:

How long a therapeutic bath should last? What is the position of the female during perineal care? What should be the position of a male patient during perineal care? Is a keratosis caused by friction and pressure from a shoe? How many teeth does two years old have? How many permanent sets of teeth does an adult have? What is often used in health care agencies to clean the mouths of dependent clients? Before shampooing, what is your important nursing intervention? When using side rails, what is the nurse mosy important assessment? Footboard is used to prevent what type of contracture? In changing the linens to prevent the transmission of microorganism, how would you hold and arrange the soiled linens? In bedmaking, in order for the client to pull the covers up easier what should the nurse do? In planning hygiene care, the nurse gives highest consideration to patients __________? If the client is unresponsive and requires total care by nursing staff. Prior to providing special oral care, the nurse should assess for ________________? SPECIMEN COLLECTIONS The nurse knows that when she want to collect urine for routine urinalysis, she will collect the specimen thru: If the nurse wants to collect urine for urine culture, she will obtain it thru: The test used to monitor glucose levels of client at risk for hyper and hypoglycemia. It evaluates the effectiveness of insulin administration What are the two best positions for thoracentesis?

What is the preferred site for bone marrow biopsy? MEDICATIONS It is the study of the absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs If the drug should be administered intraarticular, the nurse knows that she will administer the drug in the __________? What is the most common method of drug administration and generally the safest route of medication administration? The type of drug placed in the inner cheek In giving enteric coated tablets and time released capsules what is your most important nursing intervention? What is the most important equipment you should use when giving topical medication? After inhalation medication, what is your most important nursing intervention? The error you will commit when you look at the upper meniscus? As a nurse, before crushing the medication, what is your most important nursing action?

A method that has been found to be less painful painful than the traditional injection technique? The deltoid muscle can usually absorb how many ml of medications? The gluteus medius muscle can absorb how many ml of medications? Identify the type of secondary IV setups: A second container is attached to the line of the first container at the lower, secondary port. It permits medications to be administered intermittently or simultaneously with the primary solution? A second set connects the second container to the tubing of the primary container at the upper port? To decrease blinking during administration medication, what should the nurse do?

What will you do as a nurse in order to allow the medication to flow into the posterior fornix after it has melted? What is/are the most common syringe/s used for irrigating the ears? SKIN INTEGRITY AND WOUND CARE Identify the stages of wound healing: Nonblanchable erythema signaling potential ulceration? Partial thickness skin loss (abrasion, blister or shallow crater) involving the epidermis and possibly the dermis Full thickness skin loss involving the damage or necrosis or subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to, but not through, underlying fascia. Full thickness skin loss with tissue necrosis or damage to muscles, bone, or supporting structures, such as tendon or joing capsule. What are the phases of wound healing? The process initiated immediately after injury and lasts 3 to 6 days. The second phase in healing extends from days 3 to 4 to about day 21 postinjury. Fibroblasts which migrate into the wound starting about 24 hours after injury, begin to synthesize collagen Begins about 21 day and can extend 1 or 2 years after the injury? Identify the types of wound healing: Occurs where the tissue surfaces have been approximated (closed) and there is minimal or no tissue loss; it is characterized by the formation of minimal granulation tissue and scarring. It refers to the partial or total rupturing of a sutured wound. Is the protrusion of the internal viscera through an incision A type of debridement in which a scalpel or scissors is used to separate and remove dead tissue. A type of debridement, which is accomplished through scrubbing force or wet to damp dressings More selective than sharp or mechanical

techniques PERIOPERATIVE NURSING To help the client cope with thirst during the NPO period, the nurse can teach the strategies of what to the patient? Antiembolic stocking should be removed after how many hours?

When is the best time to teach client about turning and coughing? Who is the one responsible to remove the suture? STRESS AND COPING What are the two divisions of alarm reaction? The fight or flight last for how many minutes? Is the stages of GAS and LAS, when the bodys adaptation takes place. The adaptation that the body made during the second stage cannot be maintained. STAGES OF LOSS GRIEVING AND DEATH It refers to the actual or potential situation in which something that is valued is changed, no longer available, or gone. A type of loss that can be recognized by others? Is experienced by one person but cannot be verified by others? Is experienced before the actual loss? Loss of ones job is an example of what type of loss? Retirement from a career is an example of what type of loss? It is the total response to the emotional experience related to loss It is the subjective response experienced by the surviving loved one after the death of a person with whom they have shared a significant relationship It is the behavioral process through which grief is eventually resolved or altered; it is often influenced by culture, spiritual beliefs, and custom

Identify the stage which is characterized by each of the following: Refuse to believe that loss is happening. May express feelings of guilt or fear of punishment for past sins, real or imagined May direct an assault to the nurse or staff about matters that normally would not bother them Grieves over what has happened and what cannot be? Comes to term with loss What is your most important nursing implication when the client is exhibiting denial? Identify the age being described: Believes death is reversible, a temporary departure or sleep Understand that death is final Understand death as the inevitable end of life Has attitude toward death influenced by religious and cultural beliefs Death anxiety diminishes with emotional well being Encounters death of family members and peers ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE Exercises are those in which the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement Are those in which there is a change in muscle tension but there is no change in muscle length Involves muscle contraction or tension against resistance; thus they can be either isotonic or isometric Is the activity during which the amount of oxygen intake in the body is greater than that used to perform the activity Is the term used to describe the efficient, coordinated and safe use of the body to move objects and carry out the activities of daily living Why is a pillow needed when positioning the

client? Before moving a client what is your most important nursing intervention? What is the rationale why do you need to raise the head of the bed? Is a technique used to turn a client whose body must at all times be kept in straight alignment. In transferring or carrying the infant what will you use? To prevent slipping and to improve traction the canse should have? What is the standard length of a cane?

What type of cane provides the most support? Use for ambulatory client who need more support that a cane provides? A type of crutch which is has single adjustable tube with aluminum to which are attached a curve piece of steel, rubber covered hand bar, and a metal forearm cuff and most useful as a substitute for a cane? A type of crutch used by patient who requires support for weak extensor muscles of the arm. How to strengthen the flexor muscles of the fingers How will you know that a crutch is too long? How will you know that crutches are too short? How will measure the appropriate length of cane when the patient is in supine position? How will measure the appropriate length of cane when the patient is in erect position? The weight of the body when using crutches should be borne on the: Identify the gait: The most elementary and safest gait, providing at least three points of support at each time , but it requires coordination The client must be able to bear entire body weight to the unaffected leg by moving

crutches and the weaker leg forward and move the stronger leg forward Faster than the four points gait. Arm movements with crutches are similar to the arm movements during normal walking Usually used by patients with paralysis of the legs and hips. Lift body weight by the arms and the swing to the crutches Requires considerable strength, skill and coordination PAIN MANAGEMENT Theory that is responsible for Pain Element responsible for pain Drug of choice for pain: To detoxify morphine/ narcotic addiction what drug will be given to the patient? When is the best time to administer analgesic For adult what is the best way to assess the severity of pain? For children what is used to measure the severity of pain? A type of massage which uses long and circular stroke A massage done by rendering percussion Kneeding is done in this type of massage NUTRITION What foods are not allowed for the orthodox jews?

After surgery, Chinese offers what foods? For patients with dumping syndrome what is diet required? What is the special diet of patient with celiacs disease What is the purpose of low residue diet

What foods require 2 4 servings What foods require 6 11 servings

Are non invasive techniques that aim to quantify changes in body composition? It is a detailed record of measured amounts of all food and fluids a client consumes during a specified period of time Is a comprehensive time consuming assessment of clients food intake that involves an extensive interview by the nutritionist or dietitian What are the things you should remember before insertion of NGT What should be the position of the client when giving NGT? When lubricating tip of NGT why the nurse should use only water soluble lubricant? What is the best way to determine the placement of NG tube What is the position used in administering Gastroenteral feeding Before giving gastroenteral feeding what is you morst important nursing intervention? What is the height of the container in giving gastroeneteral feeding? The duration of the delivery for gastroenteral feeding should be? Identify the types of feeding indicated: The formula is delivered into the stomach by means of a gravity or a syringe? The formula is delivered at an even rate by an infusion pump over a 24 hour period Continuous feedings that are administered in less than 24 hours, often at night. The client may eat regular meals throughout the day. The formula is administered several times a day Is a type of feeding provided when the gastrointestinal tract is nonfunctional because of an interruption in its continuity or because of its absorptive capacity is impaired As a nurse what is your most important nursing intervention/ teaching to the client? ELIMINATION This refers to the largely air and the by products of the digestion of carbohydrates

Three types of movement occuring in the large intestines Movement of the chime back and forth the haustra Wavelike movement produced by the circular and longitudinal muscle fibers of the intestinal wall Involves powerful muscular contraction that moves over large areas of the colon Is defined as the fewer than three bowel movements per week As a nurse the nurse knows that fecal impaction happens when she observes for? What are the 2 main purpose of Ostomies? What is the color of the ostomy? What is the usual barrier used around the stoma to prevent contact with excretions Identify the type of ostomies: An opening through the abdominal wall and into the stomach An opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum An opening in the ileum for drining fecal material An opening in the colon (large bowel) for excreting feces

FILL in the tables below for the Ostomies: types OST OMI ES Ileostomy ascending transverse descending sigmoidoscop y Light yellow foul color odor consistency liquid Yes mushy formed No Bag Priority Nsg. Diagnsosis Impaired skin integrity A green leafy veg B ismuth C- charcoal filtered disc Deodorizer Nsg. Interventio n

TAKE NOTE: Placement of the ostomy determines its function

What is the indicator that there is skin breakdown Act by distending the intestine and

sometimes by irritating the intestinal mucosa to increase peristalsis and expulsion of the feces and flatus How many inches would you lubricate the enema How high should a retention enema should be How high should a non retention enema should be Temperature for enema Mow many minutes should an enema last Solution commonly used for Cleansing enema What is the detrimental complication of hypotonic enema A type of enema which is use to release gas? Given to soften feces and lubricate the rectum URINATY ELIMINATION Normal volume of urine pH level of urine? What are the two most common cause of Urinary retention What are the 4 Ds of urinary distention

What is the best assessment for Urinary retention? what is the predecessor of UTI? Loss of control over micturition? The nurse know that a urinometer used to assess for specific gravioty uses how many mL of urine The 24 hour creatinine clearance uses what type of urine collection? What is the technique employed in urinary catheterization? Identify the types of catheter: Used for long period of catheterization. Used for short period catheterization A small insertion is made above the pubic

area and the tube is inserted Is also known as your external urinary drainage device What are the materials commonly used for catheterization: For 1 week or less For 2 -3 weeks 4 6 weeks 2 3 months

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Sex Position Length Circumference Length to be inserted Place to secure the end of the tube

Male

Female

CONCEPTS ON OXYGENATION What are the manifestation of the need for suctioning? (4D) What is the pressured used in suctioning tacheostomy or endotracheal What is used in Oxygenation delivery before and after suctioning in the endotracheal tube? A pulse oximetry reading of below 70 indicates: Measure and show the flow of air inhaled through the mouth piece, providing an incentive to deep breath What is the rationale why patients should be placed in high fowlers or semi fowlers position? Disposable plastic tube with two prongs for insertion into the nostril should be used with oxygen flow rates of 1 6 L/minute In patients with COPD, what is the ideal mask used? Delivers oxygen concentration of 95% 100%; with a flow rate 10 15 ml/min Face tent delivers how many percent of

oxygen? Chest physiotherapy are composed of what basic procedures? For patients with tenacious secretions, vibration should be done for how many minutes? What are the purpose of artificial airway care? What is being used as a guide in inserting Tracheostomy tube What are the parts of tracheostomy tube: What is used for cleaning the inner cannula It is kept at the bedside of the patient with thracheostomy in case the outer cannula needs to be reinserted FILL in the BLANKS Location of secretions Apical secretions of the upper lobes Posterior secretions of the upper lobes Right lobe Lower lobes Position

BLOOD TRANSFUSION What is the priority consideration before blood transfusion? You should stay at the patients bed for how many minutes to check for reaction to BT What is the drop factor used for the first 30 minutes What is the dro rate of NSS Identify the common reactions initiated by the following signs and symptoms Back pain Headache and fever Hives and rashes (DOC: Benadryl) Dyspnea