Theology II Notes Theology II The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit.

Biblical studies/theology Systematic Theology Church history Philosophical theology Practical theology Ethics Apologetics The three horizons of Theology Hierarchy of doctrinal magnitude -Differentiating essentials from peripheral Essential, non negotiable. Ex trinity, humanity and dirty of christ, Sola Fide Some disagreement w/boundaries Some disagreement w/o boundaries The Bible is the revelation from and about God an God's redemptive activity. The perfections of scripture Inspiration Inerrancy Necessity Perspicuity Sufficiency Authority Representation of the Holy Spirit. Jesus Christ revealed all that we know about the Holy Spirit and God the Father A. the personhood of the Holy Spirit 1. Biblical Terminology A) O.T ruach is wind or breath B) N.T pneuma is spirit 2. The Spirit has attributes of a person A) the Spirit has a mental capacity, thinking and thoughts of God. B) the Spirit has emotion and feels 3. TheSpirit performs the actions of a person A) teaching B. Bearing witness of Jesus C. Directing human activities D. Guiding the Saints E. Interceding 4. In Scripture. We see the HS being treated as a person A. The Scripture can be lied to B. The Spirit can be resisted C. The Spirit can be insulted D. The Spirit can be blasphemed B. The Deity of the Holy Spirit 1. Biblical evidence

A. The HS is declared to Be God 1 Corinthians 3:16, 6:19-20. 2 Corinthians 3:17-18 B. N.T quotations of O.T in which the NT author views HS as God C. Attributes of God alone ascribed to the Holy Spirit D. Works of God Alone done by the Holy Spirit 1. Creation ex. nihilo 2. Regeneration 3. Sanctification 4. Inspiration of scripture 5. Raising the dead E. Holy Spirit has prerogatives of Deity 1) Acts 8:29 directed Philip where to go to witness to Jesus 2) Acts 13:4 Spirit sends out missionaries from the church 3) 1 Cor 12: 4-11 Spirit distributes gifts as He wills in the body of Jesus Christ 4) Matt 12:31 D. Survey of the Holy Spirit in Historical Theology 1. Nicea, 325 AD The Deity of Jesus Christ was affirmed(homoousios)-same substance 2. Constantinople, 381: the Deity of the HS was affirmed Compare the Niceness creed and Constantinopolitan creed 3. Synod of Toledo, 589 a. The Historical debate over the "filioque" clause-"and the son" -The Eastern church rejected the filioque -The Western church added the filioque b) Assessing the debate over the filoque clause Immanent trinity-what happens within the three Economic trinity-how they reveal themselves to us 2.Scriptural texts 3. Conclusion-the issue really cannot be settled biblically: the questions is one of eternal begetting for the Son or eternal provision for the Spirit. -But, there are several things instructive about the Western model, primarily in the sense of their eternal relationships. a) Historically, the Holy Spirit does proceed from the Father and the Son at Pentecost. b) The Witness of the Holy Spirit cannot be divorced from his witness to Jesus Christ. The work of the holy spirit in the O.T a. selective empowerment b.temporary c. task oriented conclusion: this is something distinctly unlike the permanent Holy Spirit indwelling in the Since there is one Spirit, why so many variations of theology and doctrines? -We are justified in considering it characteristic of the Apostolic churches that such miraculous grifts should be displayed in them. The exception would be, not a church with, but a church without, such gifts... The Apostolic Church was

characteristically a miracle-working church. F. The primary work of the Holy Spirit in the Lives of believers and in the church 1. Pentecost: The Age to Come Arrives Acts 1 and 2 2. Empowerment for witness in the world(Duvamis-"being able" of "capacity" in virtue of an ability 3. Empowerment for service in the church-1 Corinthians 12:4-11 4. Spirit Fruit-Galatians 5:16-25, Matt. 7:15-23 G. The Holy Spirit and the Blessed Hope 1. First fruits i. Romans 8:23"... 2. Pledge/Guarantee i. first installment, deposit, down payment, pledge, that pays a part of the purchase price in advance and so secures a legal claim to the article in question, or makes a contract valid" 3. Sealing i. mark(with a seal) as a means of identification, so that the mark which denotes ownership also carries with it the protection of the owner. Baptism in the Spirit H. Spirit Baptism and Spirit Filling 1. The 7 NT Tests that speak of baptism in the Holy Spirit i. Gospels-Matt 3:11. John 3:11- The Spirit gives us Jesus Christ incarnated and Jesus gives us the Spirit ii. Acts-These passages make it clear that whatever the Baptism of the Holy Spirit is, it at least happened at Pentecost in Acts 2 iii. Paul-Either in Christ or not in Christ. Also uses the phrase "in the Spirit"Paul looks retrospectively at a Baptism in the Holy Spirit that has already occurred, so that he views the Baptism of the Holy Spirir as universally inclusive of all who have believed 2. What is the baptism in the Holy Spirit?-Isaiah 32:14-15. Joel 20:30 -The New Covenant giving of the Holy Spirit, in fulfillment of the O.T. promise. 3. What is the purpose of Spirit baptism?-Remember the empowerment of Christ in preparation of His ministry. -To constitute the body of Christ as a unified community of believers 4. When does baptism in the Holy Spirit Occur? a. Two-stage view: 1. Apostles: two stage? i. and when he had said this, he breathed on them and said to them. "Receive the Holy Spirit." John 20:22 ii. 'You have already been cleansed by the word that I have spoken to you". John 15:3 iii. "and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit was giving them utterance" Acts 2:4 The Samaritans-Acts 8:14-16 The Ephesian disciples-Acts 19:1-6

Conclusion: following conversion believers have intense second experiences with dramatic results in ministry and personal victory over sin. b. One gift/stage view: 1. Pauline teaching i. 1 Corinthians 12:13 ii. Romans 8:9 iii. Ephesians 5:18 2. Apostles i. John 20:22 ii. Acts 1:5 iii. Acts 11:15 3. Acts Period i. Acts 8:14-17 ii. Acts 10:1-11:18 iii. Acts 19:1-6 a. Two-stage view conclusion: following conversion believers have intense second experiences with dramatic results in ministry and personal victory over sin b. One gift/ stage view: Conclusion: the gospel expansion in Acts is unique in all of redemptive history and non-paradigmatic for over experience today c. Possible implications of each view? 1. Two stage view: i. anxiety over lack of key markers (e.g. tongues) or salvation of feelings of inferiority. I. Spiritual Gifts c. The Best of Continuationist and Cessationist Argumentation 1) Preliminary Observation: 2) Key continuationist Arguments: -Cessation nowhere explicitly taught -2 Cor 13:18-12 -What about experience of millions? -Main purpose of these gifts/signs: the inauguration of the new covenant era Key arguments for the cessation of the revelatory gifts a. Historical argument-nothing basically until 20th century revivals b. Main purpose of sign gifts: authentication-i.e reliability of new revelationRefer to how Matthew is written-Topical sermon followed by a miracle. c. Miraculous gifts clustered around key advances in redemptive history d. Foundational era-Eph. 2:20 i. unhealthy Cessationism- nervous about the Holy Spirit in the here-and-now ii. unhealthy continuationism-immediacy, spontaneity, disconnect from Biblical authority. A Balancing of biblical principles i. 1 Corinthians 13: 8-12 vs. Ephesians 2:19-20 Redemptive History and the clustering of miraculous gifts -Working through the main debated gifts

i. miracles ii. Healings iii. tongues iv. prophecy'"telling something that God has spontaneously brought to mind". "An intelligible verbal message believed to originate with God, and to be communicated through an inspired human intermediary". -Summary conclusion and recommendations 1. open due to 1 Cor. 13 ii. Cautious due to Ephesians 2:20 and redemptive history iii. Concerned that some Cessationists have redemptive history iv. Concerned that many Continuationists - Have: misread the foundation laying/post-apostolic framework given to us by the N.T. and that many do NOT follow biblical regulations v. unwilling to accept any revelation today/that either presents itself as superior in authority to scripture or contradicting Works of the Holy Spirit: Church age 1 Cor. 12:1 -Now about the spiritual gifts, brothers, I do not want you to be ignorant. -1 Cor. 12:4 -There are different kinds of gifts, but the same Spirit Thesis: Paul's main concern is building up the body of Christ through the ministry roles of its members. Proof: Paul repeatedly uses terms of relational reciprocity and concern throughout Romans 12; 1 Cor. 12-14 and Ephesians 4. The Lists Ephesians 4 Romans 12:4,6 Grudem: "A spiritual gift is any ability that is empowered by the Holy Spirit and used in any ministry of the church" Berding: "The so-called spiritual gifts are not special abilities: they're Spirit given ministries...[they] should not be viewed as special abilities to do ministry. Introduction to election A. The Place of the doctrine in the system of theology -Salvation is integrated within other doctrines: God, sin, anthropology, atonement, etc... -Salvation is simply "applied side" of redemption: accomplished & applied -It is accomplished in atonement (entire career of Christ) -But it is applied in the idea of how one comes to receive the benefits of Christ B. Significant features of salvation 1. Already, not yet 2. Physical and spiritual 3. Personal and cosmic C. Spiritual deadness and divine initiative 1. Our spiritual deadness

2. God's saving initiative D. The Goal of Salvation: The Glory of God Ephesians 1 Philippians 2:9-11 1 Corinthians 15:28 A. Election -A definition of election affirmed by all orthodox Christians 3. Biblical passages -Romans 8:28-33 -Romans 9:1-24 -1 Thessalonians 1:1-4 Election is important! -Christ mentioned it -Paul mentioned it -Peter mentioned it -Therefore, we should seek to both understand and celebrate God's revelation of election -Election demonstrates God's love, not injustice -Election allows us to participate in the divine life 'Thus, the doctrine of election-the divine act of choosing-is itself a triune act of divine nature-Katrine Sonderegger 5. Differing views of election a. Critical areas of agreement between arminians and calvinists: -election is God's choice before creation of those who are saved -no one will be saved until they believe -everyone who comes to faith must continue in faith until the end -all must be told the gospel, which is the only means of calling his own to faith b. Corporate election i. Definition: not the election of individuals, but the election of a category/sphere(e.g. Israel, church, "in Christ", a people) ii. responses: -Diminishes the biblical concept of individual calling and salvation. It is possible that no one actually enters into the category or sphere. -Creates a false antithesis: the corporate does not negate the individual (e.g. Abraham preceded Israel -God initiates election, down to the individual level. -Total depravity is ignored, because only the category is elected -Assurance of salvation and eternal security is lost because God's election is only to the corporate level. 5. Differing views of election c. Conditional elect -Definition-God's election is conditioned on foreseen faith -Arguments -Free will -Universal love of God -Universal call

-God desires all to be saved -God's justice in judgment - Election based on "foreknowledge" -Prayer and evangelism Who is the most free moral agent? 1. The one who cannot not sin? 2. The one who is able not to sin, and is able to sin? 3. The one who cannot sin? Soteriological paper election, sanctification, justification, regeneration, calling, and opposite truth claim of salvation. A. Election 5. Differing views of election d. Unconditional election - definition: God's election is not conditioned on anything about the elect: not a capriciousness -Arguments1) God's sovereign rulership over all 2) Salvation by Grace Alone -Ephesians 1:3-6; 2:8-9; 2 Timothy 1:8-9 1 corinthians 1:26-29 -How much do we contribute to salvation whether merit or abilities? 3) Deficiency of conditional election Unconditional Election 1. Definition: God's election is not conditioned on anything about the elect: not a capriciousness ii. Arguments 5) Election and "foreknowledge". a) God's election is said NOT to be based on human will or work b) but it is based on foreknowledge c) "foreknowledge" does not merely mean 'foreseen faith'." i. Rather it means: fore loved- 'a prior disposition to favor." iii. Conclusion- Contextually Paul and Peter meant in Rom 6) Love and justice i. heart of Arminian argument ii. biblically mistaken to reduce all of God's love to one kind (universal) iii. God's actions defines love iv. Conclusion-biblical love of God is complex, not simple Justice -First: allow the text to define justice ii. Do not confuse the showing of mercy to some with the failure to be just to others iii. Don't forget the doctrine of Total depravity

v. In election, God's justice is manifest in two ways: 1. The just condemnation of vessels of wrath (v. 23) 7. 1 Tim 2:4 and 2 Peter 3:9 does not teach universalism a. 2 wills in God- Revealed and decreed ex. The death of Christ conclusion: Arminians desire to maintain humanity's free will, and Calvinist desire to 8) Evangelism and prayer a) problems for the arminian: Evangelism Prayer -Position of the calvinist: Evangelism Ephesians 2:1-3 -by nature we are children of wrath like the rest of mankind. Romans 10:13-14 2 Timothy 2:10 iii. Conclusion to evangelism and prayer- human responsibility arises our of God's initiate in election (Ex 19:4-6; Dt 4:5-8; 6:6; Hos 13: 4; Michah 3: 1-12 -Prayer 6. overarching reflections of the doctrine of election a. Scripturally conceived, election should inspire i. humility; we have nothing about which to boast before God- salvation is God's work along; there is nothing special or worthy about un in comparison to other people for why we are ii. reassurance: Motivation for mission: DAY8 Election is not determinism or fatalism: Both are based on impersonal causal links; there is no telos. Fatalism is determined by an unintelligent concatenation of causes and effects. CALLING Order of salvation God, Decrees(election), Calling, Regeneration, conversion, justification adoption sanctification perseverance, death, glorification. General Call-Theological grounding God creates by calling into being spoke creation into existence- Gen 1-2 (esp. Psalm 33:6, 9) Also Israel God speaks by various means Through creation-Psalm 8:1, 9;19:1-6 Through History Acts 14:16-17; General Calling- Definition; the proclamation of the gospel to all people such

that they are made aware of Gods offer of salvation in Christ THE GENREAL CALL OF THE GOSPEL IS THE MEANS ORDAINED BY GOD TO GATHER IN HIS CHOSEN PEOPLE 1. general call 2. effectual call are ONE ACT Charles Hodge- Excursus: is this fair? Yes Effectual call- this call effects belief in Jesus in the heart of the recipient;only some are called in this sense(otherwise universalism) Romans 8:30 the predestined - the called - the justified Galatians 1:15 God, eternal decree: set apart, Call was still necessary 1Corinthians 1:22-28 John 6:37 The father gives:decree and call, the called, result:The called Will become followers. Conclusion: General and effectual are true, but none who are called effectually reject the Gospel. Election does not limit or diminish the call The call is meant seriously; rejection implies guilt. For us, election can only be inferred from the outcome of the call. For many are called, but few are chosen- Matt 22:14 REGENERATION A rebirth whereby a new life principle is given as the governing disposition of the person orienting them toward God in Christ. Regneration awakens affections for God where we previously hated God. in so doing, it also prompts an increasing disdain for sin and an increasing love of hoiness. Father-James 1:17-18 The Son- 1 Pet 1:3 1 john 5:1 Those that have been regenerated(born of God) than your able to believe that Jesus is the Christ. John 3:3-8 Regeneration 2 Cor 5:17 Eph 4:24 Rom 6:3-7 Conclusion: regeneration seems to precede/enable our faith:

 Proof o When we are dead in sins(Eph2) we cant exercise faith o We can only do what our natures render us capable of doing(while in the bonds of total depravity, we cannot, i.e. will not, exert faith in Jesus Christ) o So, we have to be given a difference nature o Faith, then, is the automatic expression of regeneration Conclusion: Addendum: o Regeneration is part of salvation is Christ o Regeneration is appropriated as a fruit and work of the Holy Sprit. Yet, God is the origin and fully active in regeneration. o The spirit employs the word as a means o Regeneration implies the total inner renewal of our humanity before Goda new relational change directed toward God. o Regeneration is a continual work of the Spirit (2 Cor 4:16) CONVERSION(repentance and faith) Definition: Emerges from regeneration, as a two fold turning to Jesus Christ in faith and Repentance: when the human will recognizes the reality of sin and turns from it. This includes the intellect emotions and volition, all working in conjunction in repentance. (cf. Romans 6:17) Aspects o Intellectual knowledge of sin o Emotional attitude of sorrow for sin and an attitude of abhorrence of sin and evil. o Volitional willful rejection of sin as an object of my attention and good pleasure. An inward disposition that recognizes sins abhorrent character and seeks cleansing. Faith: This is the conscious act when we willfully turn from evil to God in Christ, and recognize Christ as the one who alone can forgive our sin and provide for us all that is good and desirable. Faith is essential for salvation(Heb 11:6) Faith comes by hearing (Rom. 10:17) So, the Holy Spirit uses Scripture and preaching to bring about faith(2 Tim 3:16) Faith is a gift from God (Acts 16:14 & Phil. 1:29) Aspects: o Intellectual recognition of Gods truth in contrast to the lies of sin and evil. There is some true content to be affirmed/belied that involves ones intellect. o Emotional assent or affirmation in ones heart that the gospel and Gods word to us and Christs work for us are all true o Volitional will to give oneself to Jesus Christ and accept His payment of

your sin. A trust and dependence on Gods promises and salvific provision Unbelief- belief Pride/hate/affirmation Disobedience/obedience Conclusion Repentance cannot proceed without faith Faith cannot fail to manifest itself in repentance. REPENTANCE Order of salvation Degrees:election Calling Regeneration Conversion(faith and repentance) Order of Salvation so far: 1 Decrees: Election 2. Calling 3. Regeneration 4. Conversion -Soteriology 1. Justification-Genesis 12:1-2; 17:1-2 -This is the 1st judicial outcome of genuine saving faith. God's declaration that the one who has believed in Jesus Christ stands before Him fully righteous by virtue of Jesus Christ's imputed righteousness. This is God's act of pardoning and accepting the believing sinner on the basis of faith in Christ's life, death, resurrection and ascension for sin. -Main elements- God's righteousness includes all salvation in Christ, which he promises and applies to people by virtue of his justice. -Pardon and forgiveness of debt owed i. This is the negative aspect: something is subtracted. Romans 5:18 -Acceptance by declaration as righteous i. This is the positive aspect: something is gained Justification is a gift: Romans 3:24 3. Method of justification-by faith in the atoning death and resurrection of Christ: a) Jesus Christ's life, death, resurrection and ascension are the objective basis/ground of justification b) That basis must be accepted/received by faith -God's righteousness and justice was effected in Christ (Gal. 3:13 and 2 Cor. 5:21) -God the Father initiates justification (John 3:16)

-Faith is not merit, and achievement or obligation 4. James 2:14-26 James 2:23-24; Romans 2:3-4; Faith three aspects: intellectual, emotional, volitional 5. Results of justification -peace with God -Salvation from God's wrath -Glorification 6. Protestant vs. catholic views-Is justification " transformative and declarative i. Conclusion: a. Roman Catholic Church conflates justification and sanctification b. Roman Catholic church makes church a editorial agent, dispensing justifying (infused) grace to us in baptism and communion c. Evangelical ministers must be able to move between Paul and James as needed by the context in order to meet the needs of their congregation. d. Christ's righteousness ,that is, his sacrifice to restore humanity's relationship with God, becomes our restored relationship with God. This is God's gift to us. This is imputation of Christ's righteousness to us. e. Our justification in Christ has a subjective and objective 2. Adoption -Believers are made legally adopted sons and daughters of God and as such have all the accompanying privileges and responsibilities -Privileges of adoption: Responsibilities of adoption: -You bear the family name; i.e. reputation -This is the MOST IMPORTANT thing about you. "If we bear in mind that justification is inseparable from adoption as children of God, we shall realize that the being of the justified is indeed changed, for they are, like an adopted child, brought into a new set of relationships".- Colin E. Gunton 3. union with Christ -Union of believer with Jesus Christ whereby the two are indissolubly united and the believer is empowered by the Spirit of Jesus Christ. i. Illustrations: -Building and foundation, Christ as the cornerstone (Eph. 2:20-22; 1 Peter 2:45) -The Union between husband and wife (Romans 7:4; 2 Cor 11:2) -The union between the vine and its branches (John 15:1-10) -The Believers are in Christ (John 14:20; Romans 6:11; Galations 3:27) -Christ is in the believers (John 14:20; Romans 8:9; Gal. 2:20) -The Father and the Son are in the believers (John 14:23) -Notice that the basis of the believers' union with Christ is the union between the Father and the Son. -Union with Christ is not: -Simply a moral, merely natural, a union of essences or reliant on sacraments.

-Union with Christ is: an organic union- the church lives for Christ, and Christ as the head lives for his members (Eph. 5:29-30) - A vital union-Christ's life is the dominating principal within us (Gal. 2:20; Col 3:3) A Spiritual union brought about by the Holy Spirit (Romans 8:9,10; Ephesians 3:16-17) -An indissoluble union (Matt 28:20; Romans 8:35, 39) -An ineffable union (Eph. 5:32; Col 1:27) 4. Sanctification -To make (not declare) us righteous as God works within us to make us like Jesus Christ (imparted righteousness) -Positional sanctification- 1 Corinthians 1:2 Progressive sanctification- a growth in holiness over time that is the outworking of the Spirit's presence in our lives 5. Perseverance -God perseveres in saving to the end -Believers persevere by God's grace in sustaining and increasing faith to the end. -First aspect: God preserves believers in their faith- aka Eternal security (Does not equal: once saved, always saved) - Necessity of the believer's ongoing perseverance -Drawing the two strands together -Nature of saving faith -Assurance and the issue of self-doubt -Salvation is an objective reality-It is either true or not, no matter how we may feel at the moment -God knows those who are His -Assurance: subjective perception of my own state at any given moment -initial and ongoing faith -Outward works/fruits of righteousness -Inner testimony of the Holy Spirit (Roman 8:16) 6. Glorification -Final perfection of believers whereby they are made into the full likeness of Jesus Christ Evangelism and the social gospel - If I share the gospel but care not... - I must share the gospel, simply meeting physical needs in not an adequate expression of love. Doctrine of the church Old Testament -People of God Deut 14:2 Lev 20:26

Zechariah 2:11 -The "people of God" owe their existence to God The Lord calls the "people of God" -The "people of God" are the "people of God" because God is in their midst -The Lord reveals himself -Ekklesia-assembly, as a regularly summoned political body; a church meeting; the church or congregation as the totality of Christians living in one place; the church universal, to which all believers belong -Jesus Christ builds the church and guarantees it future (Matt 16:18) -The Church is a universal church (Matt. 28:19, Luke 24:46-47; Romans 3:29, 9:24-26) -The Church is bound to the person of Christ, and not simply his teachings. -The Church is spiritual and material (Acts 2:24) -The World is in opposition to the Church John 15:19 -"Ekklesia" is not quantitative but qualitative, because the church is wherever the Lord gather His people. -The church is God's work -It is not simply an organization or institution, it is the Church of God, and therefore the Church of Christ. The church points beyond itself to Christ -The church does not exist due to human effort of initiative, it is God's wor -The church is created by the Gospel of Jesus Christ. -The Church in Trinitarian perspective -"The People of God"-The Father -God promised in the Old Testament to dwell with His chosen people, thereby redeeming them. -This is fulfilled in New Testament -God dwells with His ekklesia (2 Cor. 6.16) -The N.T church is called a chosen people ( 1 Peter 1:1-2) -The church is a fulfillment of the Father's promise (1 Peter 2:10; Romans 9:24-26) Hos. 1:10) -God elected, predestined and called His church (Acts 15:14-19; Ephesians 2:12-14) -The Church is not limited to ethnic groups -The Church is United in and through Christ (Romans 12:4-5; 1 Cor 12:12-17 -The Church , as the body of Christ, is diverse, but united -The gifts and abilities of each member are to be used in mutual service in love. -Christ is the head of the body; the churn belongs to Christ(Romans -The Church is the temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 3:16)

-The Church is God's dwelling place (Ephesians 2:22) -The church participates in redemptive history (Acts 2:17) -The church does not possess the Holy Spirit perse, but is a possession of the Holy Spirit -The Holy Spirit distributes gifts to the church -The 'people of God' are so because through Christ they become the 'body of Christ' Titus 2:14 -As the 'body of Christ', the Church is so because of they are also the 'temple of the Holy Spirit' (Epj 2: -God the Father elects the church, the Son, gathers it, and the Holy Spirit sanctifies it. -1 Peter 1-2 -The Attributes of the church -Unity -is obtained by Christ from the Father through the Spirit John 17:11; Act

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