SUGAR INDUSTRY

Introduction

INTRODUCTION: Sugars are a major form of carbohydrates and are found probably in all green plants. They occur in significant amounts in most fruits and vegetables. There are three main simple sugars sucrose, fructose and glucose. Sucrose is in fact a combination of fructose and glucose and the body quickly breaks down into these separate substances. HISTORY: The discovery of sugarcane, from which sugar as it is known today, is derived dates back unknown thousands of years. It is thought to have originated in New Guinea, and was spread along routes to Southeast Asia and India. The process known for creating sugar, by pressing out the juice and then boiling it into crystals, was developed in India around 500 BC. It was not until the eighteenth century that sugarcane cultivation was began in the United States, where it was planted in the southern climate of New Orleans. The very first refinery was built in New York City around 1690; the industry was established by the 1830s. Earlier attempts to create a successful industry in the U.S. did not fare well; from the late 1830s, when the first factory was built. Until 1872, sugar factories closed down almost as quickly as they had opened. It was 1872 before a factory, built in California, was finally able to successfully produce sugar in a profitable manner. At the end of that century, more than thirty factories were in operation in the U.S. For the sugar industry, capacity utilization is conceptually different from that applicable to industries in general. It depends on three crucial factors the actual number of ton of sugarcane crushed in a day, the recovery rate which generally depends on the quality of the cane and actual length of the crushing season. MANUFACTURING PROCESS:

Extracting juice by pressing sugarcane Boiling the juice to obtain crystals Creating raw sugar by spinning crystals in extractors Taking raw sugar to a refinery for the process of filtering and washing to discard remaining non-sugar elements and hue Crystallizing and drying sugar

Sugarcane in India is used to make either sugar, khandsari or gur. However, sugar products produced worldwide are divided into four basic categories : granulated, brown, liquid sugar and invert sugar.

SUGAR INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Sugar Industry in India is well developed with a consumer base of more than billions of people. It is also the second largest producer of sugar in the world. There are around 45 millions of sugar cane growers in India and a larger portion of rural laborers in the country largely rely upon this industry. Sugar Industry is one of the agricultural based industries. In India it is the second largest agricultural industry after Sugar consumption rate is highest in India as shown in the statistics received from USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. However, as per production is concerned, India has notched up 2nd position following Brazil, the largest sugar producer in the world. The Indian sugar industry uses sugarcane in the production of sugar and hence maximum number of the companies is likely to be found in the sugarcane growing states of India including Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh alone accounts for 24% of the overall sugar production in the nation and Maharashtra's contribution can be totaled to 20%. There are 453 sugar mills in India. Co-operative sector has 252 mills and private sector has 134 mills. Public sector boasts of around 67 mills. SUGAR INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

Andhra Pradesh Sugar Ind. Bihar Sugar Ind. Gujarat Sugar Ind. Haryana Sugar Ind. Himachal Pradesh Sugar Ind. Karnataka Sugar Ind. Madhya Pradesh Sugar Ind. Maharashtra Sugar Ind. Chhattisgarh Sugar Ind. Manipur Sugar Ind. Orissa Sugar Ind. Punjab Sugar Ind. Tamilnadu Sugar Ind. Uttaranchal Sugar Ind. Uttar Pradesh Sugar Ind. West Bengal Sugar Ind.

TYPES OF SUGAR INDUSTRY IN INDIA: The sugar industry can be divided into two sectors.. Organized sector: Sugar factories belong to the organized sector Unorganized sector: Those who produce traditional sweeteners fall into unorganized sector. Gur and khandsari are the traditional forms of sweeteners MAJOR PLAYERS IN INDIA: Sri chamundeswari Sugars Ltd. Bajaj Hindustan Ltd. Bannari Amman Sugars Ltd. Dhampur Sugar mills Ltd. Dwarikesh Sugar Industries Ltd. Mawana Sugars Ltd.

STATISTICS ON SUGAR PRODUCTION: As to the statistics there were a total number of 571 sugar factories in India as on March 31, 2005 compared to 138 during1950-51. These 571 sugar mills produce a total quantity of 19.2 million tons (MT). Sugar production in India increased from 15.5 MT in 1998-99 to 20.1 MT in 2002-03.. INDIAN GOVERNMENT ON SUGAR INDUSTRY: The following policy initiatives are taken to boost the Sugar industry:

Government of India fixes Statutory Minimum Price (SMP) for sugarcane according to Clause 3 of the Sugarcane Order. This statutory Minimum Price is designed through the consent of Commission for Agricultural Coast and Prices (CACP) and respective state Governments. Government declared the new policy on August 20, 1998 with regards to licenses for new factories, which shows that there will be no sugar factory in a radius of 15 km. Setting up of Indian Institute of Sugar Technology at Kanpur is meant for improving efficiency in the industry. In the year 1982, the sugar development fund was set up with a view to avail loans for modernization of the industry

REFERENCE:
1. 2. 3. 4. ACE ANALYSER DADABASE http://business.mapsofindia.com/sugar-industry/ http://www.economywatch.com/business-and-economy/sugar-industry.html http://explore.oneindia.in/industry/sugar/industries/