ARINC 664, 7

Aeronautical Radio, Inc., the AEEC ARINC

Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC) 1929

.
.
.
ARINC
, , ,
.
: , ,
.
(AEEC)
,
, ,
, . AEEC ,
, ,
ARINC ARINC. ARINC
,
.
ARINC:
a) ARINC , ,
. ARINC


, ,
.
b) ARINC
,
.
c) ARINC ,
, .
ARINC ARINC
,
, ,
ARINC.
ARINC
:
,
ARINC.
ARINC IA /
, .

 ARINC 664, 7

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.3.1

ARINC 664,

1.4

1.4.1

ARINC

1.4.2

1.4.3

RTCA EUROCAE

1.5

1.6

2.0

2.1

2.2

Ethernet

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

3.0

3.1

3.1.1

3.2

(MAC)

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.2.4

3.2.4.1

3.2.4.2

MAC

3.2.4.3

3.2.5

MAC

3.2.5.1

MAC

3.2.5.2

MAC

3.2.6

3.2.6.1

3.2.6.2

3.2.6.2.1

3.2.6.2.2

3.3

IP

 ARINC 664, 7

3.3.1

3.3.1.1
3.3.1.1.1

3.3.1.1.1.1

3.3.1.1.1.2

3.3.1.1.2

3.3.1.1.2.1

3.3.1.1.2.2

3.3.1.2 SAP
3.3.1.2.1

3.3.1.2.2

SAP

3.3.1.2.3

3.3.1.3
3.3.2

3.3.3

3.3.3.1

MAC-

3.3.3.2

IP-

3.4

3.4.1

3.4.1.1

3.4.1.2

AFDX

3.4.1.3

3.4.1.3.1

AFDX

3.4.1.3.2

AFDX

3.4.1.4 IP-
3.4.1.4.1

IP-

3.4.1.4.2

IP-

3.4.1.5 AFDX, SAP UDP/TCP

3.4.1.5.1

AFDX

3.4.1.4.1

SAP

3.4.1.5.1

SAP AFDX

4.0

4.1

4.1.1

4.1.1.1

4.1.1.2

4.1.1.3

4.2
4.2.1

 ARINC 664, 7

4.2.2

4.4

4.5

4.5.1

4.5.2

4.6

4.7

4.7.1

4.7.2

4.7.2.1

4.7.2.2

4.7.2.3

4.7.3

, : OPS

4.7.3.1

4.7.3.2

4.8

4.8.1

4.8.2

INIT

4.8.2.1

4.8.2.2

4.8.3

OPS:

4.8.4

DL:

4.8.5

SHOP ( )

4.8.6

PASSIVE

4.8.7

QUIET

4.9

4.9.1

4.9.2

4.9.2.1

4.9.2.2

4.9.3

IP-

4.10

4.10.1
4.10.1.1

4.10.1.2

4.10.2
4.10.2.1
4.11
4.11.1

 ARINC 664, 7

4.11.2

4.11.3

5.0

5.1

IP/ICMP, UDP TCP94

ARINC 429 AFDX

ARINC
ARINC IA / (APIM)

 ARINC 664, 7

1.0
1.1
, :
Ethernet (AFDX). AFDX
Airbus .
AFDX.
:

, AFDX;

, AFDX.

1.2

: MAC,

: IP, ICMP

: UDP, TCP ( )

: , , SAP, TFTP SNMP

, .

(, FTP
), , , AFDX,
.
, , ARINC
664, 2.
, , AFDX ( ),
AFDX,
( .

AFDX ARINC 700

900.
1.3

1.3.1 ARINC 664

ARINC 664
Ethernet. , :
1 -

Concepts and Overview

2 -

Ethernet

3 -

Internet

4 -

Internet

5 -

6 -

7 8 -

Ethernet (AFDX)

1.4
1.4.1

ARINC

 ARINC 664, 7

, ,
,
.
. ARINC,
, .
ARINC 653:
ARINC 615A: Ethernet
ARINC 665:
1.4.2

IEEE Standard 802.3, 2000,

.
"IEEE 802.3."
1.4.3

RTCA EUROCAE

RTCA EUROCAE (MOPS),

, .
RTCA EUROCAE:
RTCA DO-160/EUROCAE ED-14:
. "DO160."
RTCA DO-254: .
RTCA DO-178B: .

, RTCA/EUROCAE,
.
1.5

IEEE 802.3.
IEEE 802.3 ,
IEEE 802.3,
, .
.
ISO IEEE
.
1.6

.
.
, ARINC .

 ARINC 664, 7

2.0

Ethernet IEEE 802.3 IP-
. 7 ,
, .

(IEEE802.3 IP)

. 2-1
AFDX .

. . 2-1 .
, , C.
, ,
.
.
2.1
Ethernet
. , . 2-2,
/ .

. 2-2 429 ARINC

 ARINC 664, 7

:
Ts =
Tm = ( -s- )
Tr =
, L, :
L = Ts + Tm + Tr
, ,
, ,
. ,
, , LRU c,
.
.
.
.
, .
,
,
.
2.2 Ethernet

. Ethernet ,
.
Ethernet, ,
ARINC 429 . 2-3.
;
, .
( )
. Ethernet . 2-3.

2-3 Ethernet
(ES a ES b)
ES c, SWa.
ESa ESb
ES c, :
Tj = (8 x M) / Nbw + Tmin_gap ( ).

 ARINC 664, 7

Tj =
M =
Nbw =
Tmin_gap = ,

:
La = Ts + Tm1 + Tsw + ( 8 x M )/Nbw + Tm2 + Tr
:

Tsw = ,
Tm/ = ( / )
:

Lb = La + Tj
, Tw , (Tsw +
), Tw, ,
. Tw
.

.
, , (8 x M)/Nbw, Lb.

, , .
3 4 AFDX.
(a - c) (b c) , .
ESa ESb, ()
.
, ,
,
.
Ethernet ,
, .
,
, .
, ,
. .
, Ethernet

.
.
AFDX , ,
.
.
, ,
. ,
.

. ,
.
ARINC 429,
Ethernet
(VL). VL ,
, . 2-4.
, ,

 ARINC 664, 7

VL.

Figure 2-4
VL : Lmax/TGAP.
VL
. ,
VL .
2.3
.
AFDX - .
,
,
.
2.4
.
, .
,
. AFDX
.
2.5
Ethernet
. , ,
, .
AFDX .
2.6

.
.
2.7

, .
.

 ARINC 664, 7

3.0
3.1
() ,
.
() ,
,
, .
.
,
( ) . ,
.
, ,
. , ,

.

,
. ,
, .
, , :

(
) ,
. ,
.
. 3-1:

. 3-1
Avionics Application =
File Tranfer TFTP = TFTP

 ARINC 664, 7

Maintenance Application =
Data loading =
TFTP Protocol = TFTP
SNMP agent = SNMP
SNMP Protocol = SNMP
Port Sampling =
Port Queing =
APPLICATION =
PRESENTATION =
SESSION =
TRANSPORT =
NETWORK =
LINK =
PHYSICAL =
Option =
Virtual Link =
Management Information Base =

( )
ETHERNET PHY (ARINC 664 Part2)

3.1.1
16 .
12 B.
3.2 (MAC)
3.2.1
. 3-2,
.
VL, VL,
; VL.
Ethernet- VL.
VL.
,
:

- , . 3-2.

. 3-2 =
End-system =

.
.

, . VL
VL .

 ARINC 664, 7

,
, , ( ).

,
, ,
.


,
.
- .
3.2.2 /
, ,
: (BAG)
.
(. 3.2.3 ), BAG

VL, . 3-3 3-4.

jitter =

. 3-3 - BAG VL

jitter =

. 3-4 - BAG VL

, VL ,
.
, BAG VL, ,
. 3-5.

Unregulated Flow =
Flow at the output of the regulator (single VL) = ( VL)

. 3-5
3.2.3
VL
, , . 3-6.

 ARINC 664, 7

Unregulated flows of Post fragmented packets =

Traffic Regulator =
Regulated flows =
Jitter =
Scheduler MUX = -
Single multiplex flow =

. 3-6

.
. , ,
. 3-7.

Max. Jitter =
Frame =

. 3-7
VL,
( )
.
VL ( )
, BAG .

.
, BAG.
VL BAG
Lmax ( VL).
= Lmax / BAG .
VL 1518 , ,
.
VL BAG,
.

 ARINC 664, 7

.
.
BAG
1 128 . : BAG=2k [ ], (k =
0 7).

, 128 ,
BAG 128. BAG 2 , .
3.2.4
,
AFDX .
, AFDX
.
3.2.4.1

, . 3-8.

Ethernet

, ,
- IP , . 3.8.

 ARINC 664, 7

Applications =
Application Programming Interface =
API Interface =
End-System Driver =
End-System Mailbox =
Communications Services =
AFDX com port = AFDX
Sampling =
Queuing =
SAP =
UDP IP = /
Other VLs = VL
Scheduler =
Redundncy Management =
Physical Layer =
Latency in Transmission =
End System Dedicated Interface =
Host Processor Sequencer =
AFDX End-System Hardware = ADFX

. 3-8 Tx

150 + .

, (
)
).
, ,
, .

.

, ,

Ethernet .

.
, ,
- , . 3-9.
Applications =
Application Programming Interface =
API Interface =
End-System Driver =
End-System Mailbox =
Communications Services =
AFDX com port = AFDX
Sampling =
Queuing =
SAP =
UDP IP = /
Other VLs = VL
Scheduler =
Redundncy Management =
Physical Layer =
Latency in Transmission =
End System Dedicated Interface =
Host Processor Sequencer =

 ARINC 664, 7

AFDX End-System Hardware = ADFX

. 3-9 Rx

150 .
3.2.4.2 MAC ( )

(IFG) , MAC :

() ;

:
64 () + 12 (IFG) + 7 () + 1 (SFD
) = 84 100 /.
6,72 (148 800 ).

. ,
.
(64 )
(12 ).
3.2.4.3

 ARINC 664, 7

VL
:

: (); Nbw
/; Lmax , 40
.

, .
500 .

( )
. ,
500 .
AFDX
. (
) ,
.

.
, - VL
( ) . ,
,
VL :
MAX_Latencyi BAGi + Max_jitter + ___
,
, . ,
, .
VL (p-1),
:
MAX_Latencyi ( ) * BAGi + Max_jitter + ___
VL ( ).

. .
3.2.5
3.2.5.1
,
. 3-10, AFDX
,
Ethernet.
MAC AFDX
.

48
32

16

 ARINC 664, 7

XXXX XX11 XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX

. 3-10

. ARINC 664 .
AFDX.
( =1).
, Ethernet, MAC
(
).
( = 1).

MAC ,
IP IP.
3.2.5.2 MAC
,
IEEE 802.3. .

- .
AFDX
, . ,
, ,
.
Ethernet (48-)
: 24,
, 3- : 5
(16-)

"0000 0010 0000 0000

"nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn"
mmm
"0 0000"
0000 0000"

. 3-11 MAC
"0000 0010 0000 0000 0000 0000", . 3-11.
= 0.
= 1.
16- .
,
IP-.
, . 3-12, , AFDX
Ethernet MAC.

000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111

Ethernet MAC A
Ethernet MAC





. 3-12

3.2.6
,

 ARINC 664, 7

, .

.

Per VL End System Transmit = VL

B Network =
A Network =
Per VL End System Receive = VL

. 3-13
. 3-13 .
.
.
, ,
. ,
. ,

. ,
,
.
.
( IP)
. , ,
,
. .
. 3-14, RM ( ) IC
( ). IC ,
, RM. AFDX
, , ,
.

A Network =
B Network =
MAC Layer =
End System =
Integrity Checking =

 ARINC 664, 7

Detect and eliminate invalid frames =

Redundancy Management =
Eliminate redundant frames =
IP, UDP/TCP layers = IP, UDP/TCP
Application =
Netw. Mgmt =

. 3-14
. 3-15 - 3-18. "RMA" ,
( RMA).
1: ,

Transmission =
Time of Transmission =
Reception Network A =
Time of Arrival =
Reception Network B =
Integrity Checking Network A =
Integrity Checking Network B =

. 3-15 B
: .
2:

Transmission =
Time of Transmission =
Reception Network A =

 ARINC 664, 7

Time of Arrival =
Reception Network B =
Integrity Checking Network A =
Integrity Checking Network B =

. 3-16
- 4 .
: , .
3:

Transmission =
Time of Transmission =
Reception Network A =
Time of Arrival =
Reception Network B =
Integrity Checking Network A =
Integrity Checking Network B =
reset of the transmitting equipment =

. 3-17
.
4: ( )

Transmission =
Time of Transmission =

 ARINC 664, 7

Reception Network A =
Time of Arrival =
Reception Network B =
Integrity Checking Network A =
Integrity Checking Network B =

. 3-18
4 ,
IP - .
3.2.6.1
VL
AFDX.
0 - 255.

, .
, , BAG = 1 , SkewMax = 5 ,
:

SkewMax
Int
2 7, 128, .
BAG
VL 0.

.

VL 1 255.

.
1 ,
SN=0 .
(. 3.2.6.2).
MAC CRC,
MAC, . 3-19.

bytes =
minimum Ethernet frame length = Ethernet
Preamble =
Start Frame Delimiter =
Destination Address =
Source Address =
Structure =
Payload =
Padding =
SN =
Frame Check Seq =

 ARINC 664, 7

Inter Frame Gap =

maximum Ethernet frame length = Ethernet

. 3-19

0,5 .
VL .
.

. ,
.
3.2.6.2
3.2.6.2.1
,
, , .
( ),
.
3.2.6 .

:
[PSN"+"1,PSN"+"2]
(PSN) (
) VL.
"+" . , , PSN = 254,
PSN"+"1= 255 PSN"+"2 = 1.

, ,
.
-
.

:

(RSN) 0;

, .

, .

, , .

.
0
.
VL
.
.
3.2.6.2.2
(RM) , ,

 ARINC 664, 7

, .
RM SkewMax: ..
. (
, ) .
SkewMax ( ) VL.
:

VL ,

VL , ( )

VL :

VL (RM );

VL (RM )

VL (
RM ).
RM .

.
, (
, AFDX)
.
AFDX.

,
SkewMax. RM ,
, , .
RSN
. ,
.
VL (RM)
,
(RSN).
. SkewMax , RM
.
, ,
.
.
, . 3-20 "A2" , "A3" ,
"B2" . 2
, , 2.

 ARINC 664, 7

Transmission =
Time of Transmission =
Reception Network A =
Time of Arrival =
Reception Network B =
Integrity Checking Network A =
Integrity Checking Network B =

. 3-20
3.3 IP-

( ) .
.
, - AFDX
(SAP) , . 3-21.

Appli Port =
AFDX communication port = AFDX
or SAP port = SAP-
Risk of loss of data =
sampling/SAP for z = /SAP 0
No risk of loss of data =

3-21 - AFDX
- AFDX SAP-
, . 3-22.

 ARINC 664, 7

Appli Port =
AFDX communication port = AFDX
or SAP port = SAP-
Risk of loss of data =
sampling/SAP for z = /SAP 0
No risk of loss of data =

. 3-22
, , .
.
3.3.1
,
:
1. : (, ARINC 653)
2. SAP-: TFTP .

Partition =
Communication port =
Layer =
Unicast reception =
Multicast reception =
Legend =

 ARINC 664, 7

input port =
output port =

Figure 3-23 - Interface Between Partition and End System

. 3-23 , (, ARINC 653
) . IP-.
: SAP-.
3.3.1.1
: .
UDP - .
3.3.1.1.1
ARINC 653
( 2.3.5.6.1).
3.3.1.1.1.1.
- IP-,

.

.
.
VL.
, ARINC 429.
3.3.1.1.1.2.
, ,
(.., ).
.
, .
3.3.1.1.2
,
ARINC 653 ( 2.3.5.6.2).
, .

, .
, ,

.
8
( , IP-).

- AFDX.
3.3.1.1.2.1
AFDX.
,
, , . 3-24.

 ARINC 664, 7

Error indication =
If the queue is full =
Queue =

. 3-24 TX
3.3.1.1.2.2

, .
,
, .
3.3.1.2 -SAP
3.3.1.2.1

SAP AFDX.

,
.

UDP- .

UDP 8 .

TCP IP-
SAP-.
: IP-
. ,
.
3.3.1.2.2

SAP-

SAP- .

, .
3.3.1.2.3
(TFTP).
TFTP (RFC), 3-1.
3-1 RFC TFTP
RFC
783
1123
1350
2347
2348

TFTP ( 2)
-
TFTP ( 2)
. TFTP
TFTP

, RFC 1350

, 1350
, 1350

 ARINC 664, 7

2349 TFTP
, 1350
1785 TFTP
, 1350
8 .
3.3.1.3
VL , . 3-25 - 3-27,
VL -VL.
-VL (FIFO),
FIFO -VL FIFO VL.
MAC-, IP- (
) -VL.

-VL ,
. VL.

Sub VL FIFO Queue = FIFO -VL

VL FIFO Queue = FIFO VL

. 3-25 FIFO -VL

. 3-26 1- VL
In the VL you will have = VL

 ARINC 664, 7

. 3-27 2- VL
In the VL you will have = VL
FIFO VL FIFO -VL.
FIFO -VL , ,
FIFO -VL ,
(BAG) VL.
, BAG ,
FIFO -VL.
FIFO -VL FIFO VL. IP-
IP-, . , ,

.
IP-, VL -VL.
-VL IP-.
3.3.2
TFTP LRU 1 LRU 2,
. 3-28. VL:: VL1 VL2.
VL1: LRU1 LRU2; VL2: LRU2 LRU1
:
1. LRU 1, - 45000
69, TFTP LRU2.
2. LRU 2 TFTP, ,
45000 LRU 1. , ( 47 000).
3. . LRU 1 .
LRU 1 LRU 2 - 45 000 47 000.
4. LRU2, -
47 000, 45 000.

 ARINC 664, 7

Partition =
Layer =
Communication port =
SWITCH =

. 3-28 TFTP AFDX

3.3.3
. 3-29 .

Avionics Application =
File Tranfer TFTP = TFTP
Maintenance Application =
Data loading =
TFTP Protocol = TFTP
SNMP agent = SNMP
SNMP Protocol = SNMP
Port Sampling =
Port Queing =
APPLICATION =

 ARINC 664, 7

PRESENTATION =
SESSION =
TRANSPORT =
NETWORK =
LINK =
PHYSICAL =
Option =
Virtual Link =
Management Information Base =

Figure 3-29 - ES Stack

3.3.3.1 MAC

Ethernet IEEE 802.3.
Ethernet-, , IEEE
802.3.
.

( , ,
).
, .
AFDX f VL.
, AFDX (FCS)
(CRC) (
), .
3.3.3.2 IP-
IPv4.
IPv4 . 3-30.
4 4
8
16 16
3
13
8
8
16
32
32
1-1479

IHL

IP IP-
IP

. 3-30 IPv4
IPv4 21
1500 . AFDX 21 1499 - (.
3.2.6.2.2 ).

.
,
, 2.
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.1.1
AFDX
UDP/TCP, IP, MAC Ethernet
.
,
SAP-.
(TCP/UDP, IP, MAC)

 ARINC 664, 7

Ethernet.
3.4.1.2 AFDX
. 3-31 AFDX. .

bytes =
minimum Ethernet frame length = Ethernet
Preamble =
Start Frame Delimiter =
Destination Address =
Source Address =
Structure =
Payload =
Padding =
SN =
Frame Check Seq =
Inter Frame Gap =
maximum Ethernet frame length = Ethernet

Figure 3-31 - Structure of an AFDX Frame

. 3-33.
. 3-32 1 : VL1, VL2 and VL3.
1 1 : VL1
2 1 : VL2 and VL3.

 ARINC 664, 7

Partition =
Port =
Source AFDX communication port = - AFDX
Source UDP port = - UDP
source IP address = IP-
Source MAC address = MAC-
End system =
Dest MAC address = -
Dest UDP port + dest IP address = UDP- + IP-
Dest AFDX communication port = AFDX

. 3-32
:
1:

UDP

AFDX 1 1
UDP1
AFDX 2 1
UDP2
AFDX 3 2
UDP1
AFDX 4 2
UDP2
AFDX 5 2
UDP3
2:

()

AFDX 1
AFDX 4
AFDX 2

IP
MAC
UDP
IP
MAC
IP10
IP10
IP20
IP20
IP20

MAC10
MACK)
MACK)
MAC10
MAC10

UDP1
UDP2
UDP1
UDP2
UDP1

IP1
IP1
IP3
IP3
IP2

MAC1 (VL1)
MAC1 (VL1)
MAC3 (VL3)
MAC3 (VL3)
MAC2 (VL2)

()
UDP
IP
MAC
UDP
IP
MAC
1
UDP1
2
UDP2
1 UDP1

IP10
IP10
IP20

MAC10
MAC10
MAC10

UDP1
UDP2
UDP1

IP1
IP1
IP3

MAC1
MAC1
MAC3

 ARINC 664, 7

AFDX 3 2
UDP2
IP20
3:

()
()

AFDX 2 1
AFDX 3 2
AFDX 1 1

MAC10

UDP2

IP3

MAC3

UDP
IP
MAC
UDP
IP
MAC
UDP1
UDP2
UDP3

IP20
IP20
IP20

MAC10
MAC10
MAC10

UDP1
UDP2
UDP1

IP3
IP3
IP2

MAC3
MAC3
MAC2

MAC, IP,
UDP.
. 3-33 :

End system =
Tx Pair =
Rx Pair =
Cable =
Ethernet Controller = Ethernet
Tx MAC port = -
Rx MAC port = -
Switch output port =
Switch input port =
Port =
Switch =
3-2.

. 3-33
3-2

1
1
1

MAC1 (VL1)
MAC2 (VL2)
MAC3 (VL3)

2
3
23

MAC-
Ethernet.
3.4.1.3
-
UDP + IP- + - ( ) + IP- +
UDP, . 3-34.
AFDX .

 ARINC 664, 7

UDP source port = - UDP

Source IP = IP-
MAC Destination (VL identification) = - ( VL)
Destination IP = IP-
UDP Destination port = UDP

. 3-34
IP- UDP/TCP--. IP-
UDPfTCP- .
. 3-35 3 , 3 .
1 => UDP- + IP- + Mac- + IP- + UDP-
n
2 => UDP- + IP- + Mac- + IP- + UDP-
m
3 => UDP- z + IP- + Mac- + IP- + UDP-
v

. 3-35
3.4.1.3.1

AFDX

, AFDX, AFDX-.
AFDX ,
.
:
AFDX UDP.
.

AFDX .