20 AdditionalMathematics Project Work 2 Written by: ALVIN SOO CHUN KITI/C Num : Angka Giliran :School : Date :

Alvin Soo Chun Kit Additional Mathematics Project Work 2 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Num. Question Page1 Part I2Part II~ Question 1~ Question 2 (a)~ Question 2 (b)~ Question 2 (c)~ Question 3 (a)~ Question 3 (b)~ Question 3 (c)3 Part III4 Further Exploration

Alvin Soo Chun Kit Additional Mathematics Project Work 2 2011 PART IHistory of cake baking and decoratingAlthough clear examples of the difference between cake and bread are easy to find, the precise classification has always been elusive. For example, banana bread may be properlyconsidered either a quick bread or a cake.The Greeks invented beer as a leavener, fryingfritters in olive oil, and cheesecakes using goat's milk. In ancient Rome, basic bread doughwas sometimes enriched with butter, eggs, and honey, which produced a sweet and cake-like baked good. Latin poet Ovid refers to the birthday of him and his brother with party and cakein his first book of exile, Tristia .Early cakes in England were also essentially bread: the mostobvious differences between a "cake" and "bread" were the round, flat shape of the cakes, andthe cooking method, which turned cakes over once while cooking, while bread was leftupright throughout the baking process. Sponge cakes, leavened with beaten eggs, originatedduring the Renaissance, possibly in Spain.Cake decorating is one of the sugar arts requiring mathematics that uses icing or frosting andother edible decorative elements to make otherwise plain cakes more visually interesting.Alternatively, cakes can be moulded and sculpted to resemble three-dimensional persons, places and things. In many areas of the world, decorated cakes are often a focal point of aspecial celebration such as a birthday, graduation, bridal shower, wedding, or anniversary.Mathematics are often used to bake and decorate cakes, especially in the following actions: y Measurement of Ingredients y Calculation of Price and Estimated Cost y Estimation of Dimensions y Calculation of Baking Times y Modification of Recipe according to scal

Alvin Soo Chun Kit Additional Mathematics Project Work 2 2011 PART II1) 1 kg = 3800 cm 3 h = 7 cm5 kg = 3800 x 5= 19000 cm 3 V= 2 h 19000 = 3.142 x r 2 x 7r 2 = 19000 . 3.142 x 7r 2 = 863.872r = 29.392 cmd=2rd = 58.783 cm2) Maximum dimensions of cake:d = 60.0 cmh = 45.0 cma) b) i) h < 7 cm , h > 45 cmThis is because any heights lower than 7 cm will result in the diameter of the cake being too big to fit into the baking oven while any heights higher than 45 cm willcause the cake being too tall to fit into the baking oven b) ii) I would suggest the dimensions of the cake to be 29 cm in height and approximately29 cm in diameter. This is because a cake with these dimensions is moresymmetrical and easier to decorate.h/cm d/cm1 155.52625192 109.97366743 89.793123394 77.763125945 69.55345436 63.493326457 58.783397838 54.986833689 51.8420839610 49.1817191911 46.8929293212 44.8965616913 43.1352212214 41.5661392315 40.15670556h/cm d/cm16 38.8815629717 37.7206567118 36.6578891219 35.6801692120 34.7767271521 33.9386105622 33.1583083123 32.4294652824 31.7466632325 31.1052503726 30.5012074327 29.9310411328 29.3916989129 28.8804999430 28.39507881h/cm d/cm31 27.9333394432 27.4934168433 27.0736453734 26.6725321535 26.288734736 25.9210419837 25.5683583138 25.229689639 24.9041315840 24.5908595941 24.2891198342 23.9982216743 23.7175310644 23.4464646645 23.18448477

Alvin Soo Chun Kit Additional Mathematics Project Work 2 2011 c) i) V = 2 hV = 19000 cm 3 r= d / 2 19000 = 3.142 x ( d / 2 ) 2 x hd 2 = 19000 . 4 3.142 x (d 2 /4)d 2 = 76000 . 3.142 x hd = 155.53 x h -1/2 log 10 d=1 / 2 log 10 h + log 10 155.53c) ii) a) When h = 10.5 cm, log 10 h = 1.0212According to the graph, log 10 d = 1.7 when log 10 h = 1.0212Therefore, d = 50.12 cm b) When d = 42 cm, log 10

d = 1.6232According to the graph, log 10 h = 1.2 when log 10 d = 1.6232Therefore, h = 15.85 cm log 10 h log 10 d 1 1.6918142 1.1918143 0.6918144 0.191814

Alvin Soo Chun Kit Additional Mathematics Project Work 2 2011

Alvin Soo Chun Kit Additional Mathematics Project Work 2 2011

3) a) h = 29 cmr = 14.44 cmTo calculate volume of cream used, the cream is symbolised as the larger cylinder andthe cake is symbolised as the smaller cylinder.V cream = 3.142 x 15.44 2 x 30 19000= 22471 19000= 3471 cm 3 1 cm15.44 cmDiagram 1: Cake without Cream14.44 cmDiagram 2: Cake with Cream1 cm30 cm29 cm

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