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Blast loading
Rapid release of energy Shock waves
Air blast Ground shocks
Blast loading
SIFCON
Produced by preplacing steel fibres in a mould to maximum capacity and filling with a fine-grained, cement-based slurry
Very high steel fibre content can be obtained Practical steel fibre content range 4-12% Steel fibre contents up to 27% reported in technical literature
Dramatic increase in strength, ductility and sustained load carrying capacity: (Shah and Balaguru, 1992)
Compressive strength: Indirect tensile strength: Flexural strength: 3 times greater 2 times greater 5 to 10 times greater
Objective
Study the application of SIFCON as blast resistant concrete Compare the performance of SIFCON with plain and SFRC
MIX DESIGNS
Plain concrete Plain slurry Conventional SFRC Mix (2% steel fibre dosage) SIFCON (5% steel fibre dosage) SIFCON (10% steel fibre dosage)
CASTING PROCESS
SFRC Australian Standard AS1012.8: Method for making and curing concrete Modified to account for the addition of specified steel fibre dosage.
CASTING PROCESS
SFRC
Maximum recommended steel fibre dosage Difficult to maintain consistent mixture Steel fibres tendency to ball Workability of concrete mix decreased dramatically
CASTING PROCESS
SIFCON
Steel fibres preplaced into moulds Level of difficulty in pre-placing steel fibres increased with increase in steel fibre dosage Up to 10% SIFCON Mix
METHODOLOGY
Standard Property Testing (28 Day):
Compressive Strength Flexural Tensile Strength Indirect Tensile Strength
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11
Compressive Strength
Compressive Strength
Mix Type
Plain Concrete Conventional SFRC Cement-based slurry SIFCON SIFCON
3 4 5
5 10
5% SIFCON
13
Flexural Strength
Flexural Strength
1 2 3 4 5
14
15
10% SIFCON
AIR CANNON
Mix Type
Plain Concrete Conventional SFRC Cement-based slurry SIFCON SIFCON
16
17
CONCRETE
Missile Velocity:
8.74 m/s
CONCRETE
Missile Velocities:
21.30 m/s
Impact Force:
126 N
Impact Forces:
750 N
Prominent diagonal cracking pattern Large amount of fragmentation Typical brittle concrete behaviour
18 19
SFRC (2%)
SFRC (2%)
Impact Force:
961 N
Impact Force:
424 N
20
Minimal crack propagation Missile punched the slab Punching shear failure Structural weakening due to initial air blast
21
SIFCON (5%)
SIFCON (5%)
Missile Velocity:
24.56 m/s
Impact Force:
997 N
Cracking
Fragmentation on rear side Minimal visible cracking on front side Missile Indentation
Indentation
Front view
22
Rear view
23
SIFCON (8.5%)
SIFCON (8.5%)
Missile Velocity:
~85 m/s
Cracking
Impact Force:
~11.9 kN
Very minimal fragmentation on rear side Minimal visible cracking Slightly deeper missile indentation
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Fragmentation Indentation
Front view
Rear view
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Air Cannon
CONCLUSIONS
SIFCON has an outstanding impact resistance and hence can be as a blast resistant concrete.
Mix Type
Concrete Concrete Concrete SFRC SFRC SIFCON SIFCON
Pressure (kPa)
414 483 552 483 621 621 827
Velocity (m/s)
8.74 17.13 21.30 16.02 24.12 24.56 ~85
26
27
Acknowledgements
Leigh Ives (2007 thesis student) Tony Collister
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