Color

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This article is about the perceptual property. For other uses, see Color (disambiguation). For usage of color on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Colors.

Colored pencils Color or colour (see spelling differences) is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, green, blue and others. Color derives from the spectrum of light (distribution of light power versus wavelength) interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. Color categories and physical specifications of color are also associated with objects, materials, light sources, etc., based on their physical properties such as light absorption, reflection, or emission spectra. By defining a color space, colors can be identified numerically by their coordinates. Because perception of color stems from the varying spectral sensitivity of different types of cone cells in the retina to different parts of the spectrum, colors may be defined and quantified by the degree to which they stimulate these cells. These physical or physiological quantifications of color, however, do not fully explain the psychophysical perception of color appearance. The science of color is sometimes called chromatics, chromatography, colorimetry, or simply color science. It includes the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in art, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range (that is, what we commonly refer to simply as light).

aPhysics

Continuous optical spectrum rendered into the sRGB color space. Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by its Color, wavelength, frequency and energy of light The colors of the visible light spectrum[1] wavelength (or frequency) and its intensity. When color wavelength interval frequency interval the wavelength is within the visible spectrum (the range of wavelengths humans can perceive, red ~ 700635 nm ~ 430480 THz Color approximately from 390 nm to 750 nm), it is 1) (nm) (THz) (eV) (kJ mol1 orange ~ 635590(m nm ~ 480510 THz ) known as "visible light". Most light sources emit light at many different wavelengths; a source's spectrum is a distribution giving its intensity at each wavelength. Although the spectrum of light arriving at the eye from a given direction determines the color sensation in that direction, there are many more possible spectral combinations than color sensations. In fact, one may formally define a color as a class of spectra that give rise to the same color sensation, although such classes would vary widely among different species, and to a lesser extent among individuals within the same species. In each such class the members are called metamers of the color in question. Spectral colors

Infrared Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet Near ultraviolet Far ultraviolet

yellow >1000 green blue 700 violet 620 580 530 470 420 300 <200

~ 590560 nm <300 ~ 560490 nm<1.00 428 ~ 490450 nm 1.43 484 ~ 450400 nm 1.61 517 1.72 566 1.89 638 2.13 714 2.38 1000 >1500 3.33 >5.00

~ 510540 THz ~<1.24 540610 THz<120 1.77 ~ 610670 THz 171 2.00 ~ 670750 THz 193 2.14 206 2.34 226 2.64 254 2.95 285 4.15 >6.20 400 >598

The familiar colors of the rainbow in the spectrum named using the Latin word for appearance or apparition by Isaac Newton in 1671 include all those colors that can be produced by visible light of a single wavelength only, the pure spectral or monochromatic colors. The table at right shows approximate frequencies (in terahertz) and wavelengths (in nanometers) for various pure spectral colors. The wavelengths are measured in air or vacuum (see refraction).

The color table should not be interpreted as a definitive list the pure spectral colors form a continuous spectrum, and how it is divided into distinct colors linguistically is a matter of culture and historical contingency (although people everywhere have been shown to perceive colors in the same way[2]). A common list identifies six main bands: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. Newton's conception included a seventh color, indigo, between blue and violet. Optical scientists Hardy and Perrin list indigo as between 446 and 464 nm wavelength.[3] The intensity of a spectral color, relative to the context in which it is viewed, may alter its perception considerably; for example, a low-intensity orange-yellow is brown, and a low-intensity yellow-green is olive-green. For discussion of non-spectral colors, see below. Color of objects The color of an object depends on both the physics of the object in its environment and the characteristics of the perceiving eye and brain. Physically, objects can be said to have the color of the light leaving their surfaces, which normally depends on the spectrum of the incident illumination and the reflectance properties of the surface, as well as potentially on the angles of illumination and viewing. Some objects not only reflect light, but also transmit light or emit light themselves (see below), which contribute to the color also. And a viewer's perception of the object's color depends not only on the spectrum of the light leaving its surface, but also on a host of contextual cues, so that the color tends to be perceived as relatively constant: that is, relatively independent of the lighting spectrum, viewing angle, etc. This effect is known as color constancy.

The upper disk and the lower disk have exactly the same objective color, and are in identical gray surroundings; based on context differences, humans perceive the squares as having different reflectances, and may interpret the colors as different color categories; see same color illusion. Some generalizations of the physics can be drawn, neglecting perceptual effects for now: Light arriving at an opaque surface is either reflected "specularly" (that is, in the manner of a mirror), scattered (that is, reflected with diffuse scattering), or absorbed or some combination of these. Opaque objects that do not reflect specularly (which tend to have rough surfaces) have their color determined by which wavelengths of light they scatter more and which they scatter less (with the light that is not scattered being absorbed). If objects scatter all wavelengths, they appear white. If they absorb all wavelengths, they appear black. Opaque objects that specularly reflect light of different wavelengths with different efficiencies look like mirrors tinted with colors determined by those differences. An object that reflects some fraction of impinging light and absorbs the rest may look black but also be faintly reflective; examples are black objects coated with layers of enamel or lacquer. Objects that transmit light are either translucent (scattering the transmitted light) or transparent (not scattering the transmitted light). If they also absorb (or reflect) light of various wavelengths differentially, they appear tinted with a color determined by the nature of that absorption (or that reflectance). Objects may emit light that they generate themselves, rather than merely reflecting or transmitting light. They may do so because of their elevated temperature (they are then said to be incandescent), as a result of certain chemical reactions (a phenomenon called chemoluminescence), or for other reasons (see the articles Phosphorescence and List of light sources). Objects may absorb light and then as a consequence emit light that has different properties. They are then called fluorescent (if light is emitted only while light is absorbed) or phosphorescent (if light is emitted even after light ceases to be absorbed; this term is also sometimes loosely applied to light emitted because of chemical reactions).

For further treatment of the color of objects, see structural color, below. To summarize, the color of an object is a complex result of its surface properties, its transmission properties, and its emission properties, all of which factors contribute to the mix of wavelengths in the light leaving the surface of the object. The perceived color is then further conditioned by the nature of the ambient illumination, and by the color properties of other objects nearby, via the effect known as color constancy and via other characteristics of the perceiving eye and brain.

Perception

Normalized typical human cone cell responses (S, M, and L types) to monochromatic spectral stimuli Development of theories of color vision Main article: Color theory Although Aristotle and other ancient scientists had already written on the nature of light and color vision, it was not until Newton that light was identified as the source of the color sensation. In 1810, Goethe published his comprehensive Theory of Colors. In 1801 Thomas Young proposed his trichromatic theory, based on the observation that any color could be matched with a combination of three lights. This theory was later refined by James Clerk Maxwell and Hermann von Helmholtz. As Helmholtz puts it, "the principles of Newton's law of mixture were experimentally confirmed by Maxwell in 1856. Young's theory of color sensations, like so much else that this marvellous investigator achieved in advance of his time, remained unnoticed until Maxwell directed attention to it."[4] At the same time as Helmholtz, Ewald Hering developed the opponent process theory of color, noting that color blindness and afterimages typically come in opponent pairs (red-green, blue-orange, yellow-purple, and black-white). Ultimately these two theories were synthesized in 1957 by Hurvich and Jameson, who showed that retinal processing corresponds to the trichromatic theory, while processing at the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus corresponds to the opponent theory.[5] In 1931, an international group of experts known as the Commission internationale de l'clairage (CIE) developed a mathematical color model, which mapped out the space of observable colors and assigned a set of three numbers to each. Color in the eye Main article: Color vision

This image (when viewed in full size, 1000 pixels wide) contains 1 million pixels, each of a different color. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million different colors.[6] The ability of the human eye to distinguish colors is based upon the varying sensitivity of different cells in the retina to light of different wavelengths. Humans being trichromatic, the retina contains three types of color receptor cells, or cones. One type, relatively distinct from the other two, is most responsive to light that we perceive as violet, with wavelengths around 420 nm; cones of this type are sometimes called short-wavelength cones, S cones, or blue cones. The other two types are closely related genetically and chemically. One of them, sometimes called long-wavelength cones, L cones, or red cones, is most sensitive to light we perceive as greenish yellow, with wavelengths around 564 nm; the other type, known as middle-wavelength cones, M cones, or green cones is most sensitive to light perceived as green, with wavelengths around 534 nm. Light, no matter how complex its composition of wavelengths, is reduced to three color components by the eye. For each location in the visual field, the three types of cones yield three signals based on the extent to which each is stimulated. These amounts of stimulation are sometimes called tristimulus values. The response curve as a function of wavelength for each type of cone is illustrated above. Because the curves overlap, some tristimulus values do not occur for any incoming light combination. For example, it is not possible to stimulate only the midwavelength (so-called "green") cones; the other cones will inevitably be stimulated to some degree at the same time. The set of all possible tristimulus values determines the human color space. It has been estimated that humans can distinguish roughly 10 million different colors.[6]

The other type of light-sensitive cell in the eye, the rod, has a different response curve. In normal situations, when light is bright enough to strongly stimulate the cones, rods play virtually no role in vision at all.[7] On the other hand, in dim light, the cones are understimulated leaving only the signal from the rods, resulting in a colorless response. (Furthermore, the rods are barely sensitive to light in the "red" range.) In certain conditions of intermediate illumination, the rod response and a weak cone response can together result in color discriminations not accounted for by cone responses alone. These effects, combined, are summarized also in the Kruithof curve, that describes the change of color perception and pleasingness of light as function of temperature and intensity. Color in the brain Main article: Color vision

The visual dorsal stream (green) and ventral stream (purple) are shown. The ventral stream is responsible for color perception.

While the mechanisms of color vision at the level of the retina are well-described in terms of tristimulus values (see above), color processing after that point is organized differently. A dominant theory of color vision proposes that color information is transmitted out of the eye by three opponent processes, or opponent channels, each constructed from the raw output of the cones: a red-green channel, a blue-yellow channel and a black-white "luminance" channel. This theory has been supported by neurobiology, and accounts for the structure of our subjective color experience. Specifically, it explains why we cannot perceive a "reddish green" or "yellowish blue," and it predicts the color wheel: it is the collection of colors for which at least one of the two color channels measures a value at one of its extremes. The exact nature of color perception beyond the processing already described, and indeed the status of color as a feature of the perceived world or rather as a feature of our perception of the world, is a matter of complex and continuing philosophical dispute (see qualia). Nonstandard color perception Color deficiency Main article: Color blindness If one or more types of a person's color-sensing cones are missing or less responsive than normal to incoming light, that person can distinguish fewer colors and is said to be color deficient or color blind (though this latter term can be misleading; almost all color deficient individuals can distinguish at least some colors). Some kinds of color deficiency are caused by anomalies in the number or nature of cones in the retina. Others (like central or cortical achromatopsia) are caused by neural anomalies in those parts of the brain where visual processing takes place. Tetrachromacy Main article: Tetrachromacy While most humans are trichromatic (having three types of color receptors), many animals, known as tetrachromats, have four types. These include some species of spiders, most marsupials, birds, reptiles, and many species of fish. Other species are sensitive to only two axes of color or do not perceive color at all; these are called dichromats and monochromats respectively. A distinction is made between retinal tetrachromacy (having four pigments in cone cells in the retina, compared to three in trichromats) and functional tetrachromacy (having the ability to make enhanced color discriminations based on that retinal difference). As many as half of all women are retinal tetrachromats.[8]:p.256 The phenomenon arises when an individual receives two slightly different copies of the gene for either the medium- or long-wavelength cones, which are carried on the x-chromosome. To have two different genes, a person must have two x-chromosomes, which is why the phenomenon only occurs in women.[8] For some of these retinal tetrachromats, color discriminations are enhanced, making them functional tetrachromats.[8] Synesthesia In certain forms of synesthesia, perceiving letters and numbers (graphemecolor synesthesia) or hearing musical sounds (music color synesthesia) will lead to the unusual additional experiences of seeing colors. Behavioral and functional neuroimaging experiments have demonstrated that these color experiences lead to changes in behavioral tasks and lead to increased activation of brain regions involved in color perception, thus demonstrating their reality, and similarity to real color percepts, albeit evoked through a non-standard route.

Afterimages

An example of an Afterimage After exposure to strong light in their sensitivity range, photoreceptors of a given type become desensitized. For a few seconds after the light ceases, they will continue to signal less strongly than they otherwise would. Colors observed during that period will appear to lack the color component detected by the desensitized photoreceptors. This effect is responsible for the phenomenon of afterimages, in which the eye may continue to see a bright figure after looking away from it, but in a complementary color. Afterimage effects have also been utilized by artists, including Vincent van Gogh. Color constancy Main article: Color constancy There is an interesting phenomenon which occurs when an artist uses a limited color palette: the eye tends to compensate by seeing any gray or neutral color as the color which is missing from the color wheel. For example, in a limited palette consisting of red, yellow, black and white, a mixture of yellow and black will appear as a variety of green, a mixture of red and black will appear as a variety of purple, and pure gray will appear bluish.[9] The trichromatic theory discussed above is strictly true when the visual system is in a fixed state of adaptation. In reality, the visual system is constantly adapting to changes in the environment and compares the various colors in a scene to reduce the effects of the illumination. If a scene is illuminated with one light, and then with another, as long as the difference between the light sources stays within a reasonable range, the colors in the scene appear relatively constant to us. This was studied by Edwin Land in the 1970s and led to his retinex theory of color constancy. It should be noted, that both phenomena described above are readily explained and mathematical modeled with modern theories of chromatic adaptation and color appearance (e.g. CIECAM02, iCAM).[10] There is no need to dismiss the trichromatic theory of vision, but rather it must be enhanced with an understanding of how the visual system adapts (adjusts) to changes in the viewing environment. Color naming Main article: Color term Colors vary in several different ways, including hue (shades of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet), saturation, brightness, and gloss. Some color words are derived from the name of an object of that color, such as "orange" or "salmon", while others are abstract, like "red". In the 1969 study Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution, Brent Berlin and Paul Kay describe a pattern in naming "basic" colors (like "red" but not "red-orange" or "dark red" or "blood red", which are "shades" of red). All languages that have two "basic" color names distinguish dark/cool colors from bright/warm colors. The next colors to be distinguished are usually red and then yellow or green. All languages with six "basic" colors include black, white, red, green, blue and yellow. The pattern holds up to a set of twelve: black, gray, white, pink, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, brown, and azure (distinct from blue in Russian and Italian but not English). Associations Individual colors have a variety of cultural associations such as national colors (in general described in individual color articles and color symbolism). The field of color psychology attempts to identify the effects of color on human emotion and activity. Chromotherapy is a form of alternative medicine attributed to various Eastern traditions. Colors have different associations in different countries and cultures.[11] Different colors have been demonstrated to have effects on cognition. For example, researchers at the University of Linz in Austria demonstrated that the color red significantly decreases cognitive functioning in men.[12]

Spectral colors and color reproduction

The CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagram. The outer curved boundary is the spectral (or monochromatic) locus, with wavelengths shown in nanometers. The colors depicted depend on the color space of the device on which you are viewing the image, and therefore may not be a strictly accurate representation of the color at a particular position, and especially not for monochromatic colors. Most light sources are mixtures of various wavelengths of light. Many such sources can still have a spectral color as the eye cannot distinguish them from monochromatic sources. For example, most computer displays reproduce the spectral color orange as a combination of red and green light; it appears orange because the red and green are mixed in the right proportions to allow the eye's red and green cones to respond the way they do to orange. A useful concept in understanding the perceived color of a non-monochromatic light source is the dominant wavelength, which identifies the single wavelength of light that produces a sensation most similar to the light source. Dominant wavelength is roughly akin to hue. There are many color perceptions that by definition cannot be pure spectral colors due to desaturation or because they are purples (mixtures of red and violet light, from opposite ends of the spectrum). Some examples of necessarily non-spectral colors are the achromatic colors (black, gray and white) and colors such as pink, tan, and magenta. Two different light spectra that have the same effect on the three color receptors in the human eye will be perceived as the same color. This is exemplified by the white light emitted by fluorescent lamps, which typically has a spectrum of a few narrow bands, while daylight has a continuous spectrum. The human eye cannot tell the difference between such light spectra just by looking into the light source, although reflected colors from objects can look different. (This is often exploited e.g. to make fruit or tomatoes look more intensely red.) Similarly, most human color perceptions can be generated by a mixture of three colors called primaries. This is used to reproduce color scenes in photography, printing, television and other media. There are a number of methods or color spaces for specifying a color in terms of three particular primary colors. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages depending on the particular application. No mixture of colors, though, can produce a fully pure color perceived as completely identical to a spectral color, although one can get very close for the longer wavelengths, where the chromaticity diagram above has a nearly straight edge. For example, mixing green light (530 nm) and blue light (460 nm) produces cyan light that is slightly desaturated, because response of the red color receptor would be greater to the green and blue light in the mixture than it would be to a pure cyan light at 485 nm that has the same intensity as the mixture of blue and green. Because of this, and because the primaries in color printing systems generally are not pure themselves, the colors reproduced are never perfectly saturated colors, and so spectral colors cannot be matched exactly. However, natural scenes rarely contain fully saturated colors, thus such scenes can usually be approximated well by these systems. The range of colors that can be reproduced with a given color reproduction system is called the gamut. The CIE chromaticity diagram can be used to describe the gamut. Another problem with color reproduction systems is connected with the acquisition devices, like cameras or scanners. The characteristics of the color sensors in the devices are often very far from the characteristics of the receptors in the human eye. In effect, acquisition of colors that have some special, often very "jagged," spectra caused for example by unusual lighting of the photographed scene can be relatively poor. Species that have color receptors different from humans, e.g. birds that may have four receptors, can differentiate some colors that look the same to a human. In such cases, a color reproduction system 'tuned' to a human with normal color vision may give very inaccurate results for the other observers. The different color response of different devices can be problematic if not properly managed. For color information stored and transferred in digital form, color management techniques, such as those based on ICC profiles, can help to avoid distortions of the reproduced colors. Color management does not circumvent the gamut limitations of particular output devices, but can assist in finding good mapping of input colors into the gamut that can be reproduced. Pigments and reflective media Main article: Pigment Pigments are chemicals that selectively absorb and reflect different spectra of light. When a surface is painted with a pigment, light hitting the surface is reflected, minus some wavelengths. This subtraction of wavelengths produces the appearance of different colors. Most paints are a blend of several chemical pigments, intended to produce a reflection of a given color. Pigment manufacturers assume the source light will be white, or of roughly equal intensity across the spectrum. If the light is not a pure white source (as in the case of nearly all forms of artificial lighting), the resulting spectrum will appear a slightly different color. Red paint, viewed under blue light, may appear black. Red paint is red because it reflects only the red components of the spectrum. Blue light, containing none of these, will create no reflection from red paint, creating the appearance of black.

Structural color Structural colors are colors caused by interference effects rather than by pigments. Color effects are produced when a material is scored with fine parallel lines, formed of one or more parallel thin layers, or otherwise composed of microstructures on the scale of the color's wavelength. If the microstructures are spaced randomly, light of shorter wavelengths will be scattered preferentially to produce Tyndall effect colors: the blue of the sky (Rayleigh scattering, caused by structures much smaller than the wavelength of light, in this case air molecules), the luster of opals, and the blue of human irises. If the microstructures are aligned in arrays, for example the array of pits in a CD, they behave as a diffraction grating: the grating reflects different wavelengths in different directions due to interference phenomena, separating mixed "white" light into light of different wavelengths. If the structure is one or more thin layers then it will reflect some wavelengths and transmit others, depending on the layers' thickness. Structural color is studied in the field of thin-film optics. A layman's term that describes particularly the most ordered or the most changeable structural colors is iridescence. Structural color is responsible for the blues and greens of the feathers of many birds (the blue jay, for example), as well as certain butterfly wings and beetle shells. Variations in the pattern's spacing often give rise to an iridescent effect, as seen in peacock feathers, soap bubbles, films of oil, and mother of pearl, because the reflected color depends upon the viewing angle. Numerous scientists have carried out research in butterfly wings and beetle shells, including Isaac Newton and Robert Hooke. Since 1942, electron micrography has been used, advancing the development of products that exploit structural color, such as "photonic" cosmetics. Additive color

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Additive color mixing: adding red to green yields yellow; adding all three primary colors together yields white.

James Clerk Maxwell, with his color top that he used for investigation of color vision and additive color Additive color describes the situation where color is created by mixing the visible light emitted from differently colored light sources. This is in contrast to subtractive colors where light is removed from various part of the visible spectrum to create colors. Computer monitors and televisions are the most common form of additive light, while subtractive color is used in paints and pigments and color filters. The additive reproduction process usually uses red, green and blue light to produce the other colors. Combining one of these additive primary colors with another in equal amounts produces the additive secondary colors cyan, magenta, and yellow. The colored pixels in displays do not overlap on the screen, but when viewed from a sufficient distance, the light from the pixels diffuses to overlap on the retina. Another common use of additive light is the projected light used in theatrical lighting, such as plays, concerts, circus shows, and night clubs.[1] Every possible combination of luminosoties of each light (color) is equal to the full gamut of those three lights (colors). Results obtained when mixing additive colors are often counterintuitive for people accustomed to the more everyday subtractive color system of pigments, dyes, inks and other substances which present color to the eye by reflection rather than emission. For

example, in subtractive color systems green is a combination of yellow and blue; in additive color, red + green = yellow and no simple combination will yield green. Additive color is a result of the way the eye detects color, and is not a property of light. There is a vast difference between yellow light, with a wavelength of approximately 580 nm, and a mixture of red and green light. However, both stimulate our eyes in a similar manner, so we do not detect that difference. (see eye (cytology), color vision.)

[edit] History

The first permanent color photograph, taken by James Clerk Maxwell in 1861. James Clerk Maxwell is credited as being the father of additive color.[2] He had the photographer Thomas Sutton photograph a tartan ribbon on black-and-white film three times, first with a red, then green, then blue color filter over the lens. The three blackand-white images were developed and then projected onto a screen with three different projectors, each equipped with the corresponding red, green, or blue color filter used to take its image. When brought into alignment, the three images (a black-andred image, a black-and-green image and a black-and-blue image) formed a full color image, thus demonstrating the principles of additive color.[3] [edit] Examples

A rendered model, showing red, green and blue lights combining. The following flowchart demonstrates an example of the process, step by step. Light source Medium wavelengths, or green, and long wavelengths, or red, radiate from two different projectors. Projection screen Both the medium and long wavelengths reflect off of a spot on the screen. Retina The medium and long wavelengths activate M and L cones on a spot on the retina. Brain The brain interprets the equal amounts of medium and long signal as yellow. To fully understand the process, it should be demonstrated how dull colors are obtained using cyan, magenta, and yellow instead of red, green, and blue. Light source Projection screen Retina Brain Cyan, or SM, and yellow, or ML, radiate from two different projectors. Both the SM and ML reflect off of a spot on the screen. Some short, lots of medium, and some long wavelengths activate cones on a spot on the retina. The brain receives signals from the cones about some short, lots of medium, and some long wavelengths. It interprets the signal as light green. If the background is not black, it interprets the signal as dull green.

Subtractive color

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Subtractive color mixing

An 1877 color photo by Louis Ducos du Hauron, a French pioneer of color photography. The overlapping, subtractive yellow, cyan and red (magenta) image elements can clearly be seen. A subtractive color model explains the mixing of paints, dyes, inks, and natural colorants to create a full range of colors, each caused by subtracting (that is, absorbing) some wavelengths of light and reflecting the others. The color that a surface displays depends on which colors of the electromagnetic spectrum are reflected by it and therefore made visible. Subtractive color systems start with light, presumably white light. Colored inks, paints, or filters between the viewer and the light source or reflective surface subtract wavelengths from the light, giving it color. If the incident light is other than white, our visual mechanisms are able to compensate well, but not perfectly, often giving a flawed impression of the "true" color of the surface. Conversely, additive color systems start without light (black). Light sources of various wavelengths combine to make a color. Often, three primary colors are combined to stimulate humans trichromatic color vision, sensed by the three types of cone cells in the eye, giving an apparently full range.

[edit] Wavelength absorption The following flowchart illustrates an example of the process, step by step. Light source S Cyan ink S Yellow ink Paper Yellow ink Cyan ink Retina S S S M L White light radiates from the light source. M Cyan ink absorbs long wavelengths, allowing the rest to pass through. Yellow ink absorbs short wavelengths, allowing the rest to pass through. The only wavelengths remaining M L are medium, which are green. M L The medium wavelengths reflect off the paper. M L The medium wavelengths pass back through the yellow ink. M The medium wavelengths pass back through the cyan ink. M L The medium wavelengths activate the M cones in the retina. M L The brain interprets the signal from the M cones as green. understand the process, it should be demonstrated how black is obtained using red, green, and blue. M L White light radiates from the light source.

Brain S In order to fully Light source S

Green ink M Red ink

Green ink absorbs short and long wavelengths, allowing medium wavelengths to pass through. Red ink absorbs short and medium wavelengths, allowing long wavelengths to pass through. However, there are no long wavelengths remaining to pass through, and all of the light has been absorbed.

[edit] RYB

Standard RYB Color Wheel Main article: RYB color model RYB (Red, Yellow, Blue) is the formerly standard set of subtractive primary colors used for mixing pigments. It is used in art and art education, particularly in painting. It predated modern scientific color theory. Red, yellow, and blue are the primary colors of the standard color "wheel". The secondary colors, violet (or purple), orange, and green (VOG) make up another triad, formed by mixing equal amounts of red and blue, red and yellow, and blue and yellow, respectively. The RYB primary colors became the foundation of 18th century theories of color vision as the fundamental sensory qualities blended in the perception of all physical colors and equally in the physical mixture of pigments or dyes. These theories were enhanced by 18th-century investigations of a variety of purely psychological color effects, in particular the contrast between "complementary" or opposing hues produced by color afterimages and in the contrasting shadows in colored light. These ideas and many personal color observations were summarized in two founding documents in color theory: the Theory of Colors (1810) by the German poet and government minister Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and The Law of Simultaneous Color Contrast (1839) by the French industrial chemist Michel-Eugne Chevreul. [edit] CMYK printing process Main article: CMYK color model In most color printing, the primary ink colors used are cyan, magenta, and yellow. Cyan is the complement of red, meaning that cyan acts like a filter that absorbs red. The amount of cyan applied to a paper will control how much red will show. Magenta is the complement of green, and yellow the complement of blue. Combinations of different amounts of the three inks can produce a wide range of colors; this is how artwork reproductions are mass-produced, although an under-toning of black ink is usually used as well. This mixture is called CMYK. [edit] Magenta

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Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Magenta (disambiguation). Magenta (Fuchsia)

Color coordinates Hex triplet #FF00FF

RGBB (r, g, b) (255, 0, 255) HSV (h, s, v) (300, 100%, 100%) Source X11 B: Normalized to [0255] (byte) Magenta, a bright pinkish purple color, is a color evoked by light having less power in green wavelengths than in blue and red wavelengths (complements of magenta have wavelength 500530 nm).[1] In light experiments, magenta can be produced by removing the lime-green wavelengths from white light. It is an extra-spectral color, meaning it cannot be generated by a single wavelength of light, being a mixture of red and blue wavelengths. The name magenta comes from the dye magenta, commonly called fuchsine, discovered shortly after the 1859 Battle of Magenta near Magenta, Italy. In the Munsell color system, magenta is called red-purple. In the CMYK color model used in printing, it is one of the primary colors of ink. In the RGB color model, the secondary color created by mixing the red and blue primaries is called magenta or fuchsia,

though this color differs in hue from printers magenta.

[edit] Historical development of magenta This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2007) Magenta dye

Color coordinates Hex triplet RGBB HSV Source #CA1F7B

(r, g, b) (202, 31, 123) (h, s, v) (327, 96%, 34%)

[Unsourced]

B: Normalized to [0255] (byte)

[edit] Magenta dye (1860) Before printer's magenta was invented in the 1890s for CMYK printing, and electric magenta was invented in the 1980s for computer displays, these two artificially engineered colors were preceded by the color displayed at right, which is the color originally called fuchsine made from coal tar dyes in the year 1859. This color is closer to red than to blue. The name of the color was soon changed to magenta, being named after the Battle of Magenta fought at Magenta, Lombardy-Venetia.[2] Process magenta (subtractive primary, sRGB approximation)

Color coordinates Hex triplet RGBB HSV Source (r, g, b) (h, s, v) #FF0090 (255, 0, 144) (320, 100%, 100%) [1] CMYK B: Normalized to [0255] (byte)

[edit] Process magenta (pigment magenta; printer's magenta) (1890s) In color printing, the color called process magenta, or pigment magenta, or printer's magenta is one of the three primary pigment colors which, along with yellow and cyan, constitute the three subtractive primary colors of pigment. (The secondary colors of pigment are blue, green, and red.) As such, the hue magenta, is the complement of green: magenta pigments absorb green light; thus magenta and green are opposite colors. The CMYK printing process was invented in the 1890s, when newspapers began to publish color comic strips.

Process magenta is not an RGB color, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for printer's ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure magenta ink. A typical formulation of process magenta is shown in the color box at right. The source of the color shown at right is the color magenta that is shown in the diagram located at the bottom of the following website offering tintbooks for CMYK printing: [2]. A printers magenta is usually out of gamut on a computer display, so the color at right is only an approximation. Magenta (additive secondary)

Color coordinates Hex triplet RGBB #FF00FF

(r, g, b) (255, 0, 255)

HSV (h, s, v) (300, 100%, 100%) Source X11 B: Normalized to [0255] (byte)

[edit] Quinacridones Starting in 1935 the family of quinacridone dyes was developed. These have colors ranging from red to violet, so nowadays a quinacridone dye is often used for magenta.

[edit] Electric magenta (additive secondary magenta) (web color fuchsia) (1990s) Electric magenta, shown at the right, is one of the three secondary colors in the RGB color model. For computer color rendition, that specific hue of magenta composed of equal parts of red and blue light was termed the web color fuchsia and was assigned as an alias for the RGB code of magenta on a list of standardized web colors. "Electric" magenta and fuchsia are exactly the same color. Sometimes electric magenta is called electronic magenta. The color fuchsia is named after the color of the flowers of the Fuchsia plant (named after Leonhart Fuchs), although the flowers can be red, pink or violet. [edit] Electric magenta vs. process magenta Note that while both of these colors are called magenta they are actually substantially different from one another. Process magenta (the color used for magenta printing inkalso called printer's or pigment magenta) is much less vivid than the color electric magenta achievable on a computer screenindeed, CMYK printing technology cannot accurately reproduce pure magenta as described above as electric magenta (1/2 100% blue light + 1/2 100% red light=magenta) on paper. When electric magenta is reproduced on paper, it is called fuchsia and it is physically impossible for it to appear on paper as vivid as on a computer screen. In order to reproduce it, a small amount of cyan printer's ink must be added to printer's magenta to make fuchsia, and therefore fuchsia is not a primary color of pigmentit is the color of printer's magenta that is one of the primary colors of pigment (along with cyan and yellow). The name fuchsia was chosen as the alias for electric magenta because that is the color name for the color that in printed reproduction is its equivalent. Since prior to the introduction of personal computers magenta was synonymous with printer's magenta, colored pencils and crayons called "magenta" are usually colored the color of process magenta (printer's magenta) shown above. [edit] Additional variations Main article: Variations of magenta [edit] On the color wheel If the visible spectrum is wrapped to form a color wheel, magenta (additive secondary) appears midway between red and violet:

Visible spectrum wrapped to join violet and red in an additive mixture of magenta [edit] In culture This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2007) [edit] In art Since the mid 1960s, water based fluorescent magenta paint has been available to paint psychedelic black light paintings. (Fluorescent cerise, fluorescent chartreuse yellow, fluorescent blue, and fluorescent green.) By the early 1960s, vivid colors in the magenta range became available, and as a result many become aware that magenta, yellow, and cyan make better primary pigments than red, blue, and yellow.

[edit] In astronomy

Artist's vision of a spectral class T brown dwarf

Astronomers have reported that spectral class T brown dwarves (the ones with the coolest temperatures) are colored magenta because of absorption by sodium and potassium atoms of light in the green portion of the spectrum.[3][4][5]

[edit] In parapsychology

To psychics who claim to be able to observe the aura with their third eye, someone who has a magenta aura is usually described as being artistic and creative. It is reported that typical occupations for someone with a magenta aura would be such professions as artist, art dealer, actor, author, costume designer, or set designer.[6]

[edit] In politics

The color magenta is used to symbolize anti-racism by the Amsterdam-based anti-racism Magenta Foundation.[7]

List of colors

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search See also: List of colors (compact), List of color palettes, and Index of color-related articles

Color is an important part of the visual arts, fashion, interior design and many other fields and disciplines. The following is a comprehensive list of colors. A large portion of the color swatches below are taken from domain-specific naming schemes such as X11 or HTML4. RGB values are given for each swatch because such standards are defined in terms of the sRGB color space. It is not possible to accurately convert many of these swatches to CMYK values because of the differing gamuts of the two spaces, but the color management systems built into operating systems and image editing software attempt such conversions as accurately as possible.

The HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space values, also known as HSB (hue, saturation, brightness), and the hex triplets (for HTML web colors) are also given in the following table. Colors that appear on the web-safe color palette which includes the sixteen named colors are noted.[1] (Those four named colors corresponding to the neutral grays can be rendered with any hue value, which is effectively ignored i.e., left blank.) [] A Name Air Force blue Alice blue Alizarin crimson Alloy orange Almond Amaranth Amber Amber (SAE/ECE) American rose Amethyst Android Green Anti-flash white Antique brass Hex triplet #5D8AA8 #F0F8FF #E32636 #C46210 #EFDECD #E52B50 #FFBF00 #FF7E00 #FF033E #9966CC #A4C639 #F2F3F4 #CD9575 Red 36% 94% 89% 77% 94% 90% 100% 100% 100% 60% 64% 95% 80% Green 54% 97% 15% 38% 87% 17% 75% 49% 1% 40% 78% 95% 58% Blue 66% 100% 21% 6% 80% 31% 0% 0% 24% 80% 22% 96% 46% Color names Hue Satur Light 204 208 355 27 30 348 45 30 345 270 74 210 22 30% 100% 77% 85% 52% 78% 100% 100% 100% 50% 55% 8% 47% 51% 97% 52% 42% 87% 53% 50% 50% 51% 60% 50% 95% 63% Satur 45% 6% 83% 92% 14% 81% 100% 100% 99% 50% 71% 1% 43% Value 66% 100% 89% 77% 94% 90% 100% 100% 87% 80% 78% 96% 80% W3C name

Antique fuchsia Antique white Ao (English) Apple green Apricot Aqua Aquamarine Army green Arsenic Arylide yellow Ash grey Asparagus Atomic tangerine Auburn Aureolin AuroMetalSaurus Azure Azure mist/web [edit] B Name Baby blue Baby blue eyes Baby pink Ball Blue Banana Mania Banana yellow Barn red Battleship grey Bazaar Beau blue Beaver Beige Bisque Bistre Bittersweet Bittersweet shimmer Black Blanched Almond Blast-off bronze Bleu de France Blizzard Blue Blond Blue Blue (Crayola) Blue (Munsell) Blue (NCS) Blue (pigment) Blue (RYB) Blue Bell Blue Gray Blue-green Blue-violet Blush Bole Bondi blue Bone Boston University Red Bottle green Boysenberry Brandeis blue Brass Brick red Bright cerulean Bright green Bright lavender Bright maroon Bright pink

#915C83 #FAEBD7 #008000 #8DB600 #FBCEB1 #00FFFF #7FFFD4 #4B5320 #3B444B #E9D66B #B2BEB5 #87A96B #FF9966 #A52A2A #FDEE00 #6E7F80 #007FFF #F0FFFF

57% 98% 0% 55% 98% 0% 50% 29% 23% 91% 70% 53% 100% 65% 99% 43% 0% 94%

36% 92% 50% 71% 81% 100% 100% 33% 27% 84% 75% 66% 60% 16% 93% 50% 50% 100%

51% 84% 0% 0% 69% 100% 83% 13% 29% 42% 71% 42% 40% 16% 0% 50% 100% 100%

316 34 120 74 24 180 146 69 206 51 135 93 20 0 56 183 210 180

22% 78% 100% 100% 90% 100% 100% 44% 12% 74% 9% 27% 100% 59% 100% 8% 100% 100%

47% 91% 25% 36% 84% 50% 75% 23% 26% 67% 72% 54% 70% 41% 50% 47% 50% 97%

37% 14% 100% 100% 29% 100% 50% 61% 21% 54% 6% 37% 60% 74% 100% 14% 100% 6%

57% 98% 50% 71% 98% 100% 100% 33% 29% 91% 75% 66% 100% 64% 99% 50% 100% 100%

Hex triplet #89CFF0 #A1CAF1 #F4C2C2 #21ABCD #FAE7B5 #FFE135 #7C0A02 #848482 #98777B #BCD4E6 #9F8170 #F5F5DC #FFE4C4 #3D2B1F #FE6F5E #BF4F51 #000000 #FFEBCD #A57164 #318CE7 #ACE5EE #FAF0BE #0000FF #1F75FE #0093AF #0087BD #333399 #0247FE #A2A2D0 #6699CC #0D98BA #8A2BE2 #DE5D83 #79443B #0095B6 #E3DAC9 #CC0000 #006A4E #873260 #0070FF #B5A642 #CB4154 #1DACD6 #66FF00 #BF94E4 #C32148 #FF007F

Red 54% 63% 96% 13% 98% 100% 49% 52% 60% 74% 62% 96% 100% 24% 100% 75% 0% 100% 65% 19% 67% 98% 0% 12% 0% 0% 20% 1% 64% 40% 5% 54% 87% 47% 0% 89% 80% 0% 53% 0% 71% 80% 11% 40% 75% 76% 100%

Green 81% 79% 76% 67% 91% 88% 4% 52% 47% 83% 51% 96% 89% 17% 44% 31% 0% 92% 44% 55% 90% 94% 0% 46% 58% 53% 20% 28% 64% 60% 60% 17% 36% 27% 58% 85% 0% 42% 20% 44% 65% 25% 67% 100% 58% 13% 0%

Color names Blue Hue Satur 94% 95% 76% 80% 71% 21% 1% 51% 48% 90% 44% 86% 77% 12% 37% 32% 0% 80% 39% 91% 93% 75% 100% 100% 69% 74% 60% 100% 82% 80% 73% 89% 51% 23% 71% 79% 0% 31% 38% 100% 26% 33% 84% 0% 89% 28% 50% 199 209 30 192 43 51 4 60 353 206 22 60 33 24 6 359 36 12 210 188 50 240 213 190 197 240 224 240 210 192 266 342 30 191 48 0 164 328 214 52 352 194 96 272 345 330 77% 74% 69% 72% 87% 100% 97% 1% 14% 46% 20% 56% 100% 33% 99% 47% 0% 100% 27% 79% 66% 86% 100% 99% 100% 100% 50% 99% 33% 50% 87% 76% 66% 34% 100% 32% 100% 100% 46% 100% 47% 57% 76% 100% 60% 71% 100%

Light 74% 79% 86% 47% 85% 60% 25% 51% 53% 82% 53% 91% 88% 18% 68% 53% 0% 90% 52% 55% 80% 86% 50% 56% 34% 37% 40% 50% 73% 60% 39% 53% 62% 35% 36% 84% 40% 21% 36% 50% 48% 53% 48% 50% 74% 45% 50%

Satur 43% 33% 21% 84% 28% 79% 98% 2% 22% 18% 35% 10% 23% 49% 63% 59% 0% 20% 39% 79% 28% 24% 100% 99% 100% 100% 67% 99% 22% 50% 93% 81% 58% 24% 100% 30% 100% 100% 63% 100% 64% 68% 86% 100% 35% 75% 100%

Value 94% 95% 96% 80% 98% 100% 49% 52% 60% 90% 63% 96% 100% 24% 100% 75%

W3C name

0% Black 100% 65% 91% 93% 98% 100% Blue 100% 68% 74% 60% 99% 81% 80% 73% 89% 87% 34% 71% 95% 80% 41% 53% 100% 71% 80% 84% 100% 89% 38% 100%

Bright turquoise Bright ube Brilliant lavender Brilliant rose Brink pink British racing green Bronze Brown (traditional) Brown (web) Bubble gum Bubbles Buff Bulgarian rose Burgundy Burlywood Burnt orange Burnt umber Byzantine Byzantium [edit] C Name Cadet Cadet blue Cadet grey Cadmium green Cadmium orange Cadmium red Cadmium yellow Caf au lait Caf noir Cal Poly green Cambridge Blue Camel Cameo pink Camouflage green Canary yellow Candy apple red Candy pink Capri Caput mortuum Cardinal Caribbean green Carmine Carmine pink Carmine red Carnation pink Carnelian Carolina blue Carrot orange Ceil Celadon Celadon Blue Celadon Green Celeste (colour) Celestial blue Cerise Cerise pink Cerise red Cerulean Cerulean blue Cerulean frost CG Blue CG Red Chamoisee Champagne Charcoal Charm pink

#08E8DE #D19FE8 #F4BBFF #FF55A3 #FB607F #004225 #CD7F32 #964B00 #A52A2A #FFC1CC #E7FEFF #F0DC82 #480607 #800020 #DEB887 #CC5500 #8A3324 #BD33A4 #702963

3% 82% 96% 100% 98% 0% 80% 59% 65% 100% 91% 94% 28% 50% 87% 80% 54% 74% 44%

91% 62% 73% 33% 38% 26% 50% 29% 16% 76% 100% 86% 2% 0% 72% 33% 20% 20% 16%

87% 91% 100% 64% 50% 15% 20% 0% 16% 80% 100% 51% 3% 13% 53% 0% 14% 64% 39%

177 281 290 332 348 154 30 30 0 349 183 49 359 345 34 25 9 311 311

93% 61% 100% 100% 95% 100% 61% 100% 59% 100% 100% 79% 85% 100% 57% 100% 59% 58% 46%

47% 77% 87% 67% 68% 13% 50% 29% 41% 88% 95% 73% 15% 25% 70% 40% 34% 47% 30%

97% 31% 27% 67% 62% 100% 76% 100% 75% 23% 9% 46% 92% 100% 39% 100% 74% 73% 63%

91% 91% 100% 100% 98% 26% 80% 59% 65% 99% 100% 94% 28% 50% 87% 80% 54% 74% 44%

Hex triplet #536872 #5F9EA0 #91A3B0 #006B3C #ED872D #E30022 #FFF600 #A67B5B #4B3621 #1E4D2B #A3C1AD #C19A6B #EFBBCC #78866B #FFEF00 #FF0800 #E4717A #00BFFF #592720 #C41E3A #00CC99 #960018 #EB4C42 #FF0038 #FFA6C9 #B31B1B #99BADD #ED9121 #92A1CF #ACE1AF #007BA7 #2F847C #B2FFFF #4997D0 #D83387 #EC3B83 #DE3163 #007BA7 #2A52BE #6D9BC3 #007AA5 #E03C31 #A0785A #FAD6A5 #36454F #E68FAC

Red 33% 37% 57% 0% 93% 89% 100% 65% 29% 12% 64% 76% 94% 47% 100% 100% 89% 0% 35% 77% 0% 59% 92% 100% 100% 70% 60% 93% 57% 67% 0% 18% 70% 29% 85% 93% 87% 0% 16% 43% 0% 88% 63% 98% 21% 90%

Green 41% 62% 64% 42% 53% 0% 96% 48% 21% 30% 76% 60% 73% 53% 94% 3% 44% 75% 15% 12% 80% 0% 30% 0% 65% 11% 73% 57% 63% 88% 48% 52% 100% 59% 20% 23% 19% 48% 32% 61% 48% 24% 47% 84% 27% 56%

Color names Blue Hue Satur 45% 63% 69% 24% 18% 13% 0% 36% 13% 17% 68% 42% 80% 42% 0% 0% 48% 100% 13% 23% 60% 9% 26% 22% 79% 11% 87% 13% 81% 69% 65% 49% 100% 82% 53% 51% 39% 65% 75% 76% 65% 19% 35% 65% 31% 67% 206 182 205 154 28 351 34 26 30 137 99 33 340 91 56 2 355 195 7 350 150 350 4 347 336 0 211 33 225 174 196 123 180 205 330 336 228 196 224 208 196 4 26 35 204 333 16% 26% 16% 100% 84% 100% 100% 30% 39% 44% 20% 41% 62% 11% 100% 100% 68% 100% 47% 74% 100% 100% 81% 100% 100% 74% 50% 85% 39% 47% 100% 48% 100% 59% 68% 82% 72% 100% 64% 42% 100% 74% 28% 90% 19% 64%

Light 39% 50% 63% 21% 55% 45% 50% 50% 21% 21% 70% 59% 84% 47% 50% 50% 67% 50% 24% 44% 40% 29% 59% 50% 83% 40% 73% 53% 69% 78% 33% 35% 85% 55% 52% 58% 53% 33% 46% 60% 32% 54% 49% 81% 26% 73%

Satur 31% 41% 18% 100% 81% 100% 93% 45% 56% 61% 40% 45% 22% 20% 100% 100% 50% 100% 64% 85% 100% 100% 72% 100% 35% 85% 31% 86% 30% 47% 100% 24% 30% 65% 69% 75% 174% 100% 78% 44% 100% 78% 44% 34% 31% 50%

Value 47% 63% 69% 42% 93% 89% 100% 65% 29% 30% 193% 76% 94% 53% 100% 100% 89% 100% 35% 77% 44% 59% 92% 100% 100% 70% 87% 93% 81% 73% 65% 88% 100% 81% 72% 93% 128% 65% 75% 77% 65% 88% 63% 98% 31% 87%

W3C name

Chartreuse (traditional) Chartreuse (web) Cherry Cherry blossom pink Chestnut China pink China rose Chocolate (traditional) Chocolate (web) Chrome yellow Cinereous Cinnabar Cinnamon Citrine Classic rose Cobalt Cocoa brown Coffee Columbia blue Congo pink Cool black Cool grey Copper Copper rose Coquelicot Coral Coral pink Coral red Cordovan Corn Cornell Red Cornflower blue Cornsilk Cosmic latte Cotton candy Cream Crimson Crimson glory Cyan Cyan (process) [edit] D Name Daffodil Dandelion Dark blue Dark brown Dark byzantium Dark candy apple red Dark cerulean Dark chestnut Dark coral Dark cyan Dark electric blue Dark goldenrod Dark gray Dark green Dark imperial blue Dark jungle green Dark khaki Dark lava Dark lavender Dark magenta Dark midnight blue Dark olive green Dark orange Dark orchid Dark pastel blue

#DFFF00 #7FFF00 #DE3163 #FFB7C5 #CD5C5C #DE6FA1 #A8516E #7B3F00 #D2691E #FFA700 #98817B #E34234 #D2691E #E4D00A #FBCCE7 #0047AB #D2691E #6F4E37 #9BDDFF #F88379 #002E63 #8C92AC #B87333 #996666 #FF3800 #FF7F50 #F88379 #FF4040 #893F45 #FBEC5D #B31B1B #6495ED #FFF8DC #FFF8E7 #FFBCD9 #FFFDD0 #DC143C #BE0032 #00FFFF #00B7EB

87% 50% 87% 100% 80% 87% 66% 48% 82% 100% 60% 89% 82% 89% 98% 0% 82% 44% 61% 97% 0% 55% 72% 60% 100% 100% 97% 100% 54% 98% 70% 39% 100% 100% 100% 100% 86% 75% 0% 0%

100% 100% 19% 72% 36% 44% 32% 25% 41% 65% 51% 26% 41% 82% 80% 28% 41% 31% 87% 51% 18% 57% 45% 40% 22% 50% 51% 25% 25% 93% 11% 58% 97% 97% 74% 99% 8% 0% 100% 72%

0% 0% 39% 77% 36% 63% 43% 0% 12% 0% 48% 20% 12% 4% 91% 67% 12% 22% 100% 47% 39% 67% 20% 40% 0% 31% 47% 25% 27% 36% 11% 93% 86% 91% 85% 82% 24% 20% 100% 92%

68 90 343 348 0 333 340 31 25 40 12 5 25 54 333 215 25 25 200 5 212 229 29 0 13 16 5 0 337 54 0 219 48 42 334 57 348 356 180 193

100% 100% 72% 100% 53% 63% 35% 100% 75% 100% 12% 76% 75% 92% 86% 100% 75% 34% 100% 90% 100% 16% 57% 20% 100% 100% 90% 100% 37% 95% 74% 79% 100% 100% 100% 100% 83% 100% 100% 100%

50% 50% 53% 86% 58% 65% 49% 24% 47% 50% 54% 55% 47% 47% 89% 34% 47% 33% 80% 72% 19% 61% 46% 50% 50% 66% 72% 63% 39% 68% 40% 66% 93% 95% 87% 91% 47% 37% 50% 46%

100% 100% 78% 28% 55% 50% 52% 100% 86% 100% 19% 77% 86% 96% 100% 100% 86% 51% 39% 51% 100% 19% 72% 33% 100% 69% 51% 75% 89% 63% 85% 58% 14% 9% 26% 18% 91% 100% 100% 100%

100% 100% 87% 100% 80% 87% 66% 48% 82% 100% 60% 89% 82% 89% 20% 67% 82% 44% 100% 97% 39% 68% 72% 60% 100% 100% 97% 100% 94% 98% 70% 93% 100% 100% 100% 100% 86% 75% 100% Cyan 92%

Hex triplet #FFFF31 #F0E130 #00008B #654321 #5D3954 #A40000 #08457E #986960 #CD5B45 #008B8B #536878 #B8860B #A9A9A9 #013220 #00416A #1A2421 #BDB76B #483C32 #734F96 #8B008B #003366 #556B2F #FF8C00 #9932CC #779ECB

Red 100% 94% 0% 40% 36% 64% 3% 60% 80% 0% 33% 72% 66% 0% 0% 10% 74% 28% 45% 55% 0% 33% 100% 60% 47%

Green 100% 88% 0% 26% 22% 0% 27% 41% 36% 55% 41% 53% 66% 20% 25% 14% 72% 24% 31% 0% 20% 42% 55% 20% 62%

Blue 19% 19% 55% 13% 33% 0% 49% 38% 27% 55% 47% 4% 66% 13% 42% 13% 42% 20% 59% 55% 40% 18% 0% 80% 80%

Color names Hue Satur 60 55 240 30 315 0 209 10 10 180 180 43 0 158 203 120 56 27 270 300 210 82 34 280 212 100% 87% 100% 51% 24% 100% 88% 23% 58% 100% 18% 89% 0% 96% 100% 16% 38% 18% 31% 100% 100% 39% 100% 61% 45%

Light 60% 57% 27% 26% 29% 32% 26% 49% 54% 27% 40% 38% 66% 10% 21% 12% 58% 24% 45% 27% 20% 30% 50% 50% 63%

Satur 81% 80% 100% 67% 39% 100% 94% 37% 66% 24% 20% 94% 0% 98% 100% 10% 43% 31% 47% 100% 100% 56% 100% 75% 41%

Value 100% 94% 55% 40% 37% 64% 49% 60% 80% 100% 25% 72% 66% 20% 42% 10% 74% 28% 59% 55% 40% 42% 94% 80% 80%

W3C name

Dark pastel green Dark pastel purple Dark pastel red Dark pink Dark powder blue Dark raspberry Dark red Dark salmon Dark scarlet Dark sea green Dark sienna Dark slate blue Dark slate gray Dark spring green Dark tan Dark tangerine Dark taupe Dark terra cotta Dark turquoise Dark violet Dark yellow Dartmouth green Davy's grey Debian red Deep carmine Deep carmine pink Deep carrot orange Deep cerise Deep champagne Deep chestnut Deep coffee Deep fuchsia Deep jungle green Deep lilac Deep magenta Deep peach Deep pink Deep saffron Deep sky blue Denim Desert Desert sand Dim gray Dodger blue Dogwood rose Dollar bill Drab Duke blue [edit] E Name Earth yellow Ecru Eggplant Eggshell Egyptian blue Electric blue Electric crimson Electric cyan Electric green Electric indigo Electric lavender Electric lime Electric purple Electric ultramarine Electric violet Electric yellow Emerald

#03C03C #966FD6 #C23B22 #E75480 #003399 #872657 #8B0000 #E9967A #560319 #8FBC8F #3C1414 #483D8B #2F4F4F #177245 #918151 #FFA812 #483C32 #CC4E5C #00CED1 #9400D3 #9B870C #00703C #555555 #D70A53 #A9203E #EF3038 #E9692C #DA3287 #FAD6A5 #B94E48 #704241 #C154C1 #004B49 #9955BB #CC00CC #FFCBA4 #FF1493 #FF9933 #00BFFF #1560BD #C19A6B #EDC9AF #696969 #1E90FF #D71868 #85BB65 #967117 #00009C

1% 59% 76% 91% 0% 53% 55% 91% 34% 56% 24% 28% 18% 9% 57% 100% 28% 80% 0% 58% 61% 0% 33% 84% 66% 94% 91% 85% 98% 73% 44% 76% 0% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100% 0% 8% 76% 93% 41% 12% 84% 52% 59% 0%

75% 44% 23% 33% 20% 15% 0% 59% 1% 74% 8% 24% 31% 45% 51% 66% 24% 31% 81% 0% 53% 44% 33% 4% 13% 19% 41% 20% 84% 31% 26% 33% 29% 33% 0% 80% 8% 60% 75% 38% 60% 79% 41% 56% 9% 73% 44% 0%

24% 84% 13% 50% 60% 34% 0% 48% 10% 56% 8% 55% 31% 27% 32% 7% 20% 36% 82% 83% 5% 24% 33% 33% 24% 22% 17% 53% 65% 28% 25% 76% 29% 73% 80% 64% 58% 20% 100% 74% 42% 69% 41% 100% 41% 40% 9% 61%

138 263 9 342 220 330 0 15 344 120 0 248 180 150 45 38 30 354 181 282 295 121 0 339 357 357 34 330 35 3 1 300 120 280 300 26 328 30 195 213 33 25 210 330 98 43 240

97% 56% 70% 75% 100% 56% 100% 72% 93% 25% 50% 39% 25% 66% 28% 100% 18% 55% 100% 100% 86% 100% 0% 91% 68% 86% 81% 69% 90% 45% 27% 47% 100% 43% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 80% 41% 63% 0% 100% 80% 39% 73% 100%

38% 64% 45% 62% 30% 34% 27% 70% 18% 65% 16% 39% 25% 27% 44% 54% 24% 55% 41% 41% 33% 22% 33% 44% 39% 56% 54% 53% 81% 50% 35% 54% 15% 53% 40% 82% 54% 60% 50% 41% 59% 81% 41% 56% 47% 57% 34% 31%

98% 48% 82% 64% 70% 72% 100% 48% 97% 24% 67% 56% 41% 80% 44% 93% 17% 55% 100% 100% 105% 90% 0% 95% 100% 80% 76% 77% 34% 61% 42% 56% 40% 55% 100% 36% 92% 80% 100% 89% 44% 26% 0% 88% 84% 46% 85% 100%

75% 84% 76% 91% 60% 53% 56% 91% 34% 74% 24% 55% 31% 45% 57% 100% 34% 55% 82% 83% 87% 50% 33% 84% 66% 94% 84% 85% 98% 73% 44% 76% 40% 73% 80% 100% 100% 100% 100% 74% 76% 93% 41% 100% 82% 73% 59% 61%

Hex triplet #E1A95F #C2B280 #614051 #F0EAD6 #1034A6 #7DF9FF #FF003F #00FFFF #00FF00 #6F00FF #F4BBFF #CCFF00 #BF00FF #3F00FF #8F00FF #FFFF00 #50C878

Red 88% 76% 38% 94% 6% 49% 100% 0% 0% 44% 96% 80% 75% 25% 56% 100% 31%

Green 66% 70% 25% 92% 20% 98% 0% 100% 100% 0% 73% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100% 78%

Blue 37% 50% 32% 84% 65% 100% 25% 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 47%

Color names Hue Satur 34 45 329 46 226 183 345 180 120 266 290 72 285 255 274 60 140 68% 35% 21% 46% 82% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 52%

Light 63% 63% 32% 89% 36% 75% 50% 50% 50% 50% 87% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 55%

Satur 58% 34% 34% 11% 90% 51% 100% 100% 100% 100% 27% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 60%

Value 88% 76% 38% 94% 65% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 78%

W3C name

Eton blue [edit] F Name Fallow Falu red Famous Fandango Fashion fuchsia Fawn Feldgrau Fern green Ferrari Red Field drab Firebrick Fire engine red Flame Flamingo pink Flavescent Flax Floral white Fluorescent orange Fluorescent pink Fluorescent yellow Folly Forest green (traditional) Forest green (web) French beige French blue French lilac French lime French raspberry French rose Fuchsia Fuchsia pink Fuchsia rose Fulvous Fuzzy Wuzzy [edit] G Name Gainsboro Gamboge Ghost white Ginger Glaucous Glitter Gold (metallic) Gold (web) (Golden) Golden brown Golden poppy Golden yellow Goldenrod Granny Smith Apple Gray Gray (HTML/CSS gray) Gray (X11 gray) Gray-asparagus

#96C8A2

59%

78%

64%

134

31%

69%

25%

78%

Hex triplet #C19A6B #801818 #FF00FF #B53389 #F400A1 #E5AA70 #4D5D53 #4F7942 #FF2800 #6C541E #B22222 #CE2029 #E25822 #FC8EAC #F7E98E #EEDC82 #FFFAF0 #FFBF00 #FF1493 #CCFF00 #FF004F #014421 #228B22 #A67B5B #0072BB #86608E #CCFF00 #C72C48 #F64A8A #FF00FF #FF77FF #C74375 #E48400 #CC6666

Red 76% 50% 100% 71% 96% 90% 30% 31% 100% 42% 70% 81% 89% 99% 97% 93% 100% 100% 100% 80% 100% 0% 13% 65% 0% 53% 80% 78% 96% 100% 100% 78% 89% 80%

Green 60% 9% 0% 20% 0% 67% 36% 47% 16% 33% 13% 13% 35% 56% 91% 86% 98% 75% 8% 100% 0% 27% 55% 48% 45% 38% 100% 17% 29% 0% 47% 26% 52% 40%

Color names Blue Hue Satur 42% 9% 100% 54% 63% 44% 33% 26% 0% 12% 13% 16% 13% 67% 56% 51% 94% 0% 58% 0% 31% 13% 13% 36% 73% 56% 0% 28% 54% 100% 100% 46% 0% 40% 45 0 300 320 320 30 142 106 9 42 0 0 17 344 52 50 40 45 328 72 341 149 120 26 203 290 72 351 338 321 313 337 35 0 41% 68% 100% 56% 100% 69% 9% 29% 100% 57% 68% 73% 77% 95% 87% 76% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 97% 61% 30% 100% 19% 100% 64% 91% 100% 100% 54% 100% 50%

Light 59% 30% 50% 46% 48% 67% 33% 37% 50% 27% 42% 47% 51% 77% 76% 72% 97% 50% 54% 50% 50% 14% 34% 50% 37% 47% 50% 48% 63% 50% 73% 52% 45% 60%

Satur 17% 81% 100% 72% 100% 51% 17% 45% 100% 72% 81% 92% 85% 44% 41% 45% 6% 100% 92% 100% 100% 99% 76% 45% 100% 32% 100% 78% 70% 100% 53% 66% 100% 50%

Value 23% 50% 100% 71% 96% 90% 36% 47% 100% 42% 70% 80% 89% 99% 76% 93% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 27% 55% 65% 73% 56% 100% 78% 96%

W3C name

100% Fuchsia 100% 78% 89% 80%

Hex triplet #DCDCDC #E49B0F #F8F8FF #B06500 #6082B6 #E6E8FA #D4AF37 #FFD700 #996515 #FCC200 #FFDF00 #DAA520 #A8E4A0 #808080 #7F7F7F #BEBEBE #465945 #00FF00 #1CAC78 #008000 #00A877 #009F6B #00A550 #66B032 #ADFF2F #A99A86

Red 86% 89% 97% 69% 38% 90% 83% 100% 60% 99% 100% 85% 66% 50% 50% 75% 27% 0% 11% 0% 0% 0% 0% 40% 68% 66%

Color names Green Blue 86% 61% 97% 40% 51% 91% 69% 84% 40% 76% 87% 65% 89% 50% 50% 75% 35% 100% 67% 50% 66% 62% 65% 69% 100% 60% 86% 6% 100% 0% 71% 98% 22% 0% 8% 0% 0% 13% 63% 50% 50% 75% 27% 0% 47% 0% 47% 42% 31% 20% 18% 53%

Hue 38 24 24 216 234 46 51 36 46 52 43 113 117 120 159 120 163 160 149 95 84 34

Satur 0% 88% 100% 100% 37% 67% 65% 100% 76% 100% 100% 74% 56% 0% 0% 0% 13% 100% 72% 100% 100% 100% 100% 56% 100% 17%

Light 86% 48% 99% 35% 55% 94% 52% 50% 34% 49% 50% 49% 76% 50% 50% 75% 31% 50% 39% 25% 33% 31% 32% 44% 59% 59%

Satur 0% 94% 3% 255% 47% 8% 74% 100% 83% 100% 100% 85% 30% 0% 0% 0% 22% 100% 72% 100% 100% 100% 100% 72% 82% 21%

Value 86% 94% 100% 88% 71% 98% 83%

W3C name

100% Gold 60% 99% 100% 85% 89% 50% Grey 50% 75% 35% 100% Lime 78% 50% Green 66% 62% 65% 69% 100% 66%

Green (color wheel) (X11 green) Green (Crayola) Green (HTML/CSS green) Green (Munsell) Green (NCS) Green (pigment) Green (RYB) Green-yellow Grullo

Guppie green [edit] H Name Halay be Han blue Han purple Hansa yellow Harlequin Harvard crimson Harvest Gold Heart Gold Heliotrope Hollywood cerise Honeydew Honolulu Blue Hooker's green Hot magenta Hot pink Hunter green [edit] I Name Iceberg Icterine Imperial blue Inchworm India green Indian red Indian yellow Indigo Indigo (dye) Indigo (web) International Klein Blue International orange (aerospace) International orange (engineering) Iris Isabelline Islamic green Ivory [edit] J Name Jade Jasmine Jasper Jazzberry jam Jonquil June bud Jungle green [edit] K Name Kelly green Khaki (HTML/CSS) (Khaki) Khaki (X11) (Light khaki) KU Crimson [edit] L Name La Salle Green Languid lavender Lapis lazuli Laser Lemon Hex triplet #00A86B #F8DE7E #D73B3E #A50B5E #FADA5E #BDDA57 #29AB87 Red 0% 97% 84% 65% 98% 74% 16% Hex triplet #663854 #446CCF #5218FA #E9D66B #3FFF00 #C90016 #DA9100 #808000 #DF73FF #F400A1 #F0FFF0 #007FBF #49796B #FF1DCE #FF69B4 #355E3B

#00FF7F

0%

100%

50%

150

100%

50%

100%

100%

Red 40% 27% 32% 91% 25% 79% 85% 50% 87% 96% 94% 0% 29% 100% 100% 21%

Green 22% 42% 9% 84% 100% 0% 57% 50% 45% 0% 100% 50% 47% 11% 41% 37%

Blue 33% 81% 98% 42% 0% 9% 0% 0% 100% 63% 94% 75% 42% 81% 71% 23%

Color names Hue Satur Light 278 223 255 51 105 353 40 43 286 320 150 199 163 313 330 129 30% 59% 96% 74% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 25% 100% 100% 28% 31% 54% 54% 67% 50% 39% 43% 25% 73% 48% 97% 38% 38% 56% 71% 29%

Satur 12% 67% 90% 54% 100% 100% 100% 100% 55% 100% 97% 100% 40% 89% 59% 44%

Value 37% 81% 98% 91% 100% 79% 86% 25% 100% 96% 97% 75% 48% 100% 100% 37%

W3C name

Hex triplet #71A6D2 #FCF75E #002395 #B2EC5D #138808 #CD5C5C #E3A857 #4F69C6 #00416A #4B0082 #002FA7 #FF4F00 #BA160C #5A4FCF #F4F0EC #009000 #FFFFF0

Red 44% 99% 0% 70% 7% 80% 89% 31% 0% 29% 0% 100% 73% 35% 96% 0% 100%

Color names Green Blue 65% 97% 14% 93% 53% 36% 66% 41% 25% 0% 18% 31% 9% 31% 94% 56% 100% 82% 37% 58% 36% 3% 36% 34% 78% 42% 51% 65% 0% 5% 81% 93% 0% 94%

Hue 207 58 226 84 115 0 35 260 203 275 223 19 3 245 30 120 60

Satur 52% 96% 100% 79% 89% 53% 71% 51% 100% 100% 100% 100% 88% 57% 27% 100% 100%

Light 63% 68% 29% 65% 28% 58% 62% 54% 21% 26% 33% 50% 39% 56% 94% 28% 97%

Satur 46% 63% 100% 61% 94% 55% 62% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 94% 62% 3% 100% 6%

Value 82% 99% 58% 93% 53% 80% 89% 100% 42% 50% 65% 100% 73% 81% 96% 56% 100%

W3C name

Green 66% 87% 23% 4% 85% 85% 67%

Blue 42% 49% 24% 37% 37% 34% 53%

Hue 158 47 359 322 48 80 163

Color names Satur Light Satur 100% 90% 66% 88% 94% 64% 61% 33% 73% 54% 35% 68% 60% 42% 100% 49% 73% 90% 62% 75% 76%

Value 66% 97% 84% 47% 98% 85% 67%

W3C name

Hex triplet #4CBB17 #C3B091 #F0E68C #E8000D

Red 30% 76% 94% 91%

Green 73% 69% 90% 0%

Color names Blue Hue Satur 9% 57% 55% 5% 101 37 54 357 78% 29% 77% 100%

Light 41% 67% 75% 46%

Satur 88% 26% 42% 100%

Value 73% 76% 94% 91%

W3C name

Hex triplet #087830 #D6CADD #26619C #FEFE22

Red 3% 84% 15% 100%

Green 47% 79% 38% 100%

Color names Blue Hue Satur 19% 87% 61% 13% 141 270 210 60 88% 22% 61% 99%

Light 25% 83% 38% 57%

Satur 93% 17% 76% 86%

Value 47% 82% 61% 57%

W3C name

Laurel green Lava Lavender (floral) Lavender (web) Lavender blue Lavender blush Lavender gray Lavender indigo Lavender magenta Lavender mist Lavender pink Lavender purple Lavender rose Lawn green Lemon Lemon chiffon Lemon lime Light apricot Light blue Light brown Light carmine pink Light coral Light cornflower blue Light crimson Light cyan Light fuchsia pink Light goldenrod yellow Light gray Light green Light khaki Light pastel purple Light pink Light red ochre Light salmon Light salmon pink Light sea green Light sky blue Light slate gray Light taupe Light Thulian pink Light yellow Lilac Lime (color wheel) Lime (web) (X11 green) Lime green Lincoln green Linen Lion Liver Lust [edit] M Name Magenta Magenta (dye) Magenta (process) Magic mint Magnolia Mahogany Maize Majorelle Blue Malachite Manatee Mango Tango Mantis Maroon (Crayola) Maroon (HTML/CSS) Maroon (X11)

#A9BA9D #CF1020 #B57EDC #E6E6FA #CCCCFF #FFF0F5 #C4C3D0 #9457EB #EE82EE #E6E6FA #FBAED2 #967BB6 #FBA0E3 #7CFC00 #FFF700 #FFFACD #E3FF00 #FDD5B1 #ADD8E6 #B5651D #E66771 #F08080 #93CCEA #F56991 #E0FFFF #F984EF #FAFAD2 #D3D3D3 #90EE90 #F0E68C #B19CD9 #FFB6C1 #E97451 #FFA07A #FF9999 #20B2AA #87CEFA #778899 #B38B6D #E68FAC #FFFFED #C8A2C8 #BFFF00 #00FF00 #32CD32 #195905 #FAF0E6 #C19A6B #534B4F #E62020

66% 81% 71% 90% 80% 100% 77% 58% 93% 90% 98% 59% 98% 49% 100% 100% 89% 99% 68% 71% 90% 94% 58% 96% 88% 98% 98% 83% 56% 94% 69% 100% 91% 100% 100% 13% 53% 47% 70% 90% 100% 78% 75% 0% 20% 10% 98% 76% 33% 90%

73% 6% 49% 90% 80% 94% 76% 34% 51% 90% 68% 48% 63% 99% 97% 98% 100% 84% 85% 40% 40% 50% 80% 41% 100% 52% 98% 83% 93% 90% 61% 71% 45% 63% 60% 70% 81% 53% 55% 56% 100% 64% 100% 100% 80% 35% 94% 60% 29% 13%

62% 13% 86% 98% 100% 96% 82% 92% 93% 98% 82% 71% 89% 0% 0% 80% 0% 69% 90% 11% 44% 50% 92% 57% 100% 94% 82% 83% 56% 55% 85% 76% 32% 48% 60% 67% 98% 60% 43% 67% 93% 78% 0% 0% 20% 2% 90% 42% 31% 13%

95 355 275 245 240 340 245 265 300 240 332 267 316 90 58 54 44 30 194 28 350 0 201 343 180 300 60 120 54 261 351 14 14 0 175 203 210 26 330 60 300 75 120 120 106 30 33 330 0

17% 86% 57% 67% 100% 100% 12% 79% 76% 67% 91% 29% 92% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95% 53% 72% 72% 79% 67% 88% 100% 91% 80% 0% 73% 77% 45% 100% 78% 100% 100% 70% 92% 14% 32% 64% 100% 26% 100% 100% 61% 89% 67% 41% 5% 80%

67% 44% 68% 94% 90% 97% 79% 63% 72% 94% 83% 60% 81% 49% 50% 90% 50% 84% 79% 41% 65% 72% 75% 69% 94% 75% 90% 83% 75% 75% 73% 86% 62% 74% 80% 41% 76% 53% 57% 73% 97% 71% 50% 50% 50% 18% 94% 59% 31% 51%

16% 92% 43% 8% 20% 6% 6% 63% 45% 8% 31% 32% 36% 98% 100% 20% 240% 22% 24% 84% 70% 50% 37% 57% 12% 27% 16% 0% 39% 42% 28% 100% 65% 62% 40% 40% 46% 22% 39% 72% 7% 19% 100% 100% 67% 94% 8% 45% 10% 86%

73% 81% 86% 98% 100% 100% 82% 92% 93% 98% 98% 71% 98% 48% 100% 100% 100% 89% 90% 71% 80% 100% 92% 96% 100% 94% 98% 83% 93% 94% 85% 86% 91% 100% 100% 75% 98% 60% 70% 94% 100% 78% 100% 100% Lime 40% 35% 98% 76% 33% 90%

Hex triplet #FF00FF #CA1F7B #FF0090 #AAF0D1 #F8F4FF #C04000 #FBEC5D #6050DC #0BDA51 #979AAA #FF8243 #74C365 #C32148 #800000 #B03060

Red 100% 79% 100% 67% 97% 75% 98% 38% 4% 59% 100% 45% 76% 50% 69%

Green

Color names Blue Hue 100% 48% 56% 82% 100% 0% 36% 86% 32% 67% 26% 40% 28% 0% 38% 300 326 326 150 247 20 54 247 140 231 20 110 345 0 333

Satur 100% 73% 100% 70% 100% 100% 95% 67% 90% 10% 100% 44% 71% 100% 57%

Light 50% 46% 50% 80% 98% 38% 68% 59% 45% 63% 63% 58% 45% 25% 44%

Satur 100% 90% 100% 84% 94% 100% 63% 67% 95% 11% 74% 48% 75% 100% 65%

Value 79% 100% 80% 92% 75% 98% 59% 85% 67% 100% 77% 38%

W3C name

0% 12% 0% 94% 96% 25% 93% 31% 85% 60% 51% 76% 13% 0% 19%

100% Fuchsia

50% Maroon 42%

Mauve Mauve taupe Mauvelous Maya blue Meat brown Medium aquamarine Medium blue Medium candy apple red Medium carmine Medium champagne Medium electric blue Medium jungle green Medium lavender magenta Medium orchid Medium Persian blue Medium purple Medium red-violet Medium sea green Medium slate blue Medium spring bud Medium spring green Medium taupe Medium teal blue Medium turquoise Medium violet-red Mellow yellow Melon Midnight blue Midnight green (eagle green) Mikado yellow Mint Mint cream Mint green Misty rose Moccasin Mode beige Moonstone blue Mordant red 19 Moss green Mountain Meadow Mountbatten pink Mulberry Munsell Mustard Myrtle MSU Green [edit] N Name Nadeshiko pink Napier green Naples yellow Navajo white Navy blue Neon Carrot Neon fuchsia Neon green New York pink Non-photo blue North Texas Green [edit] O Name Ocean Boat Blue Ochre Office green Old gold

#E0B0FF #915F6D #EF98AA #73C2FB #E5B73B #66DDAA #0000CD #E2062C #AF4035 #F3E5AB #035096 #1C352D #DDA0DD #BA55D3 #0067A5 #9370DB #BB3385 #3CB371 #7B68EE #C9DC87 #00FA9A #674C47 #0054B4 #48D1CC #C71585 #F8DE7E #FDBCB4 #191970 #004953 #FFC40C #3EB489 #F5FFFA #98FF98 #FFE4E1 #FAEBD7 #967117 #73A9C2 #AE0C00 #ADDFAD #30BA8F #997A8D #C54B8C #F2F3F4 #FFDB58 #21421E #18453B

88% 57% 94% 45% 90% 40% 0% 89% 69% 95% 1% 11% 87% 73% 0% 58% 73% 24% 48% 79% 0% 40% 0% 28% 78% 97% 99% 10% 0% 100% 24% 96% 60% 100% 98% 59% 45% 68% 68% 19% 60% 77% 95% 100% 13% 9%

69% 37% 60% 76% 72% 87% 0% 2% 25% 90% 31% 21% 63% 33% 40% 44% 20% 70% 41% 86% 98% 30% 33% 82% 8% 87% 74% 10% 29% 77% 71% 100% 100% 89% 92% 44% 66% 5% 87% 73% 48% 29% 95% 86% 26% 27%

100% 43% 67% 98% 23% 67% 80% 17% 21% 67% 59% 18% 87% 83% 65% 86% 52% 44% 93% 53% 60% 28% 71% 80% 52% 49% 71% 44% 33% 5% 54% 98% 60% 88% 84% 9% 76% 0% 68% 56% 55% 55% 96% 35% 12% 23%

276 285 348 210 44 154 240 350 5 48 180 120 200 288 248 270 322 150 249 80 150 9 212 175 322 47 7 240 187 45 158 150 140 337 34 43 199 4 120 161 323 285 210 47 115 167

100% 21% 73% 94% 77% 64% 100% 95% 54% 75% 96% 31% 47% 59% 100% 60% 57% 50% 80% 55% 100% 18% 100% 60% 81% 90% 95% 64% 100% 100% 49% 100% 100% 100% 78% 73% 39% 100% 44% 59% 13% 51% 8% 100% 38% 48%

85% 47% 77% 72% 57% 63% 40% 46% 45% 81% 30% 16% 75% 58% 32% 65% 47% 47% 67% 70% 49% 34% 35% 55% 43% 73% 85% 27% 16% 52% 48% 98% 80% 94% 91% 34% 61% 34% 78% 46% 54% 53% 95% 67% 19% 18%

31% 37% 37% 96% 74% 54% 100% 97% 69% 30% 30% 20% 113% 60% 75% 68% 79% 42% 56% 70% 97% 31% 100% 55% 89% 49% 29% 78% 100% 95% 66% 4% 40% 37% 14% 85% 41% 100% 22% 74% 20% 67% 1% 65% 54% 65%

100% 54% 94% 87% 90% 87% 80% 89% 68% 95% 60% 20% 179% 83% 48% 72% 83% 30% 93% 80% 97% 40% 71% 50% 78% 97% 99% 44% 33% 100% 71% 100% 100% 94% 98% 59% 76% 68% 87% 73% 60% 70% 96% 100% 26% 27%

Hex triplet #F6ADC6 #2A8000 #FADA5E #FFDEAD #000080 #FFA343 #FE4164 #39FF14 #D7837F #A4DDED #059033

Red 96% 16% 98% 100% 0% 100% 100% 22% 84% 64% 2%

Green 68% 50% 85% 87% 0% 64% 25% 100% 51% 87% 56%

Blue 78% 0% 37% 68% 50% 26% 39% 8% 50% 93% 20%

Color names Hue Satur Light 339 100 48 32 240 31 322 111 3 193 140 80% 100% 94% 100% 100% 100% 99% 100% 52% 67% 93% 82% 25% 68% 84% 25% 63% 63% 54% 67% 79% 29%

Satur 30% 100% 62% 27% 100% 74% 65% 92% 41% 31% 97%

Value 96% 50% 98% 100% 50% 100% 100% 100% 84% 93% 56%

W3C name

Hex triplet #0077BE #CC7722 #008000 #CFB53B

Red 0% 80% 0% 81%

Color names Green Blue 47% 47% 50% 71% 75% 13% 0% 23%

Hue 30 30 120 49

Satur 100% 71% 100% 61%

Light 37% 47% 25% 52%

Satur 83% 83% 80% 71%

Value 80% 80%

W3C name

50% Green 81%

Old lace Old lavender Old mauve Old rose Olive Olive Drab (web) (Olive Drab #3) Olive Drab #7 Olivine Onyx Opera mauve Orange (Color Wheel) Orange (RYB) Orange (web color) Orange peel Orange-red Orchid Otter brown Outer Space Outrageous Orange Oxford Blue OU Crimson Red [edit] P Name Pakistan green Palatinate blue Palatinate purple Pale aqua Pale blue Pale brown Pale carmine Pale cerulean Pale chestnut Pale copper Pale cornflower blue Pale gold Pale goldenrod Pale green Pale lavender Pale magenta Pale pink Pale plum Pale red-violet Pale robin egg blue Pale silver Pale spring bud Pale taupe Pale violet-red Pansy purple Papaya whip Paris Green Pastel blue Pastel brown Pastel gray Pastel green Pastel magenta Pastel orange Pastel pink Pastel purple Pastel red Pastel violet Pastel yellow Patriarch Payne's grey Peach Peach (Crayola) Peach-orange Peach puff

#FDF5E6 #796878 #673147 #C08081 #808000 #6B8E23 #3C341F #9AB973 #0F0F0F #B784A7 #FF7F00 #FB9902 #FFA500 #FF9F00 #FF4500 #DA70D6 #654321 #414A4C #FF6E4A #002147 #990000

99% 47% 40% 75% 50% 42% 24% 60% 6% 72% 100% 98% 100% 100% 100% 85% 40% 25% 100% 0% 60%

96% 41% 19% 50% 50% 56% 20% 73% 6% 52% 50% 60% 65% 62% 27% 44% 26% 29% 43% 13% 0%

90% 47% 28% 51% 0% 14% 12% 45% 6% 65% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 84% 13% 30% 29% 28% 0%

40 270 336 330 60 80 31 58 0 276 30 60 39 38 5 302 30 191 12 212 0

85% 8% 36% 34% 100% 61% 32% 33% 0% 26% 100% 98% 100% 100% 100% 59% 51% 8% 100% 100% 100%

95% 44% 30% 63% 25% 35% 18% 59% 6% 62% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 65% 26% 28% 65% 14% 30%

6% 3% 52% 59% 100% 75% 81% 80% 0% 20% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 49% 67% 15% 71% 100% 100%

100% 22% 40% 57% 50% 56% 46% 141% 6% 62% 100% 73% 100% 100% 52% 85% 40% 30% 100% 28% 60%

Hex triplet #006600 #273BE2 #682860 #BCD4E6 #AFEEEE #987654 #AF4035 #9BC4E2 #DDADAF #DA8A67 #ABCDEF #E6BE8A #EEE8AA #98FB98 #DCD0FF #F984E5 #FADADD #DDA0DD #DB7093 #96DED1 #C9C0BB #ECEBBD #BC987E #DB7093 #78184A #FFEFD5 #50C878 #AEC6CF #836953 #CFCFC4 #77DD77 #F49AC2 #FFB347 #DEA5A4 #B39EB5 #FF6961 #CB99C9 #FDFD96 #800080 #536878 #FFE5B4 #FFCBA4 #FFCC99 #FFDAB9

Red 0% 15% 41% 74% 69% 60% 69% 61% 87% 85% 67% 90% 93% 60% 86% 98% 98% 87% 86% 59% 79% 93% 74% 86% 47% 100% 31% 68% 51% 81% 47% 96% 100% 87% 70% 100% 80% 99% 50% 33% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Green 40% 23% 16% 83% 93% 46% 25% 77% 68% 54% 80% 75% 91% 98% 82% 52% 85% 63% 44% 87% 75% 92% 60% 44% 9% 94% 78% 78% 41% 81% 87% 60% 70% 65% 62% 41% 60% 99% 0% 41% 90% 80% 80% 85%

Color names Blue Hue Satur 0% 89% 38% 90% 93% 33% 21% 89% 69% 40% 94% 54% 67% 60% 100% 90% 87% 87% 58% 82% 73% 74% 49% 58% 29% 84% 47% 81% 33% 77% 47% 76% 28% 64% 71% 38% 79% 59% 50% 47% 71% 64% 60% 73% 120 224 277 206 180 30 5 205 358 18 210 50 55 120 255 310 354 300 340 169 0 80 25 340 287 37 140 196 28 60 120 333 35 1 295 3 302 60 300 206 39 40 30 40 100% 76% 44% 46% 65% 29% 54% 55% 41% 61% 68% 65% 67% 93% 100% 91% 76% 47% 60% 52% 12% 55% 32% 60% 67% 100% 52% 26% 22% 10% 60% 80% 100% 47% 14% 100% 33% 96% 100% 18% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Light 20% 52% 28% 82% 81% 46% 45% 75% 77% 63% 80% 72% 80% 79% 91% 75% 92% 75% 65% 73% 76% 83% 62% 65% 28% 92% 55% 75% 42% 79% 67% 78% 64% 76% 67% 69% 70% 79% 25% 40% 85% 82% 80% 86%

Satur 100% 84% 47% 18% 26% 45% 69% 31% 22% 53% 28% 47% 29% 39% 18% 47% 13% 28% 49% 32% 0% 60% 33% 49% 36% 16% 60% 16% 37% 5% 46% 37% 72% 26% 13% 62% 25% 41% 100% 31% 29% 34% 40% 29%

Value 40% 77% 44% 90% 93% 60% 68% 89% 87% 85% 94% 82% 93% 98% 100% 98% 98% 87% 86% 87% 80% 90% 74% 86% 27% 100% 78% 81% 51% 81% 87% 96% 100% 87% 71% 100% 80% 99% 50% 47% 100% 100% 100% 100%

W3C name

Peach-yellow Pear Pearl Pearl Aqua Pearly purple Peridot Periwinkle Persian blue Persian green Persian indigo Persian orange Persian pink Persian plum Persian red Persian rose Persimmon Peru Phlox Phthalo blue Phthalo green Piggy pink Pine green Pink Pink lace Pink-orange Pink pearl Pink Sherbet Pistachio Platinum Plum (traditional) Plum (web) Portland Orange Powder blue (web) Princeton orange Prune Prussian blue Psychedelic purple Puce Pumpkin Purple (HTML/CSS) Purple (Munsell) Purple (X11) Purple Heart Purple mountain majesty Purple pizzazz Purple taupe [edit] Q Name Quartz [edit] R Name Rackley Radical Red Raspberry Raspberry glace Raspberry pink Raspberry rose Raw umber Razzle dazzle rose Razzmatazz Red Red (Munsell) Red (NCS) Red (pigment) Red (RYB) Hex triplet #51484F Red 32%

#FADFAD #D1E231 #EAE0C8 #88D8C0 #B768A2 #E6E200 #CCCCFF #1C39BB #00A693 #32127A #D99058 #F77FBE #701C1C #CC3333 #FE28A2 #EC5800 #CD853F #DF00FF #000F89 #123524 #FDDDE6 #01796F #FFC0CB #FFDDF4 #FF9966 #E7ACCF #F78FA7 #93C572 #E5E4E2 #8E4585 #DDA0DD #FF5A36 #B0E0E6 #FF8F00 #701C1C #003153 #DF00FF #CC8899 #FF7518 #800080 #9F00C5 #A020F0 #69359C #9678B6 #FE4EDA #50404D

98% 82% 92% 53% 72% 90% 80% 11% 0% 20% 85% 97% 44% 80% 100% 93% 80% 87% 0% 7% 99% 0% 100% 100% 100% 91% 97% 58% 90% 56% 80% 100% 69% 100% 44% 0% 87% 80% 100% 50% 62% 63% 41% 59% 100% 31%

87% 89% 88% 85% 41% 89% 80% 22% 65% 7% 56% 50% 11% 20% 16% 35% 52% 0% 6% 21% 87% 47% 75% 87% 60% 67% 56% 77% 89% 27% 60% 35% 88% 56% 11% 19% 0% 53% 46% 0% 0% 13% 21% 47% 31% 25%

68% 19% 78% 75% 64% 0% 100% 73% 58% 48% 35% 75% 11% 20% 64% 0% 25% 100% 54% 14% 90% 44% 80% 96% 40% 81% 65% 45% 89% 52% 80% 21% 90% 0% 11% 33% 100% 60% 9% 50% 77% 94% 61% 71% 85% 30%

39 66 42 162 316 59 240 248 135 249 26 330 0 5 318 22 30 292 233 151 343 175 350 3 20 324 346 96 40 307 300 11 220 34 0 205 292 345 24 300 288 285 270 260 312 285

89% 75% 45% 51% 35% 100% 100% 74% 100% 74% 63% 88% 60% 60% 99% 100% 59% 100% 100% 49% 89% 98% 100% 100% 100% 55% 87% 42% 6% 35% 33% 100% 52% 100% 60% 100% 100% 40% 100% 100% 100% 87% 49% 30% 99% 11%

83% 54% 85% 69% 56% 45% 90% 42% 33% 28% 60% 73% 28% 50% 58% 46% 53% 50% 27% 14% 93% 24% 88% 93% 70% 79% 77% 61% 89% 41% 70% 61% 80% 50% 28% 16% 50% 67% 55% 25% 39% 53% 41% 59% 65% 28%

31% 78% 15% 37% 43% 100% 20% 75% 75% 85% 59% 72% 75% 50% 96% 85% 69% 100% 100% 66% 13% 99% 25% 41% 60% 26% 42% 42% 1% 51% 28% 79% 70% 100% 75% 100% 100% 33% 90% 100% 100% 97% 66% 34% 69% 19%

98% 89% 92% 85% 72% 90% 100% 50% 60% 49% 85% 77% 44% 50% 88% 94% 80% 100% 54% 21% 99% 47% 100% 84% 100% 91% 97% 77% 90% 56% 87% 100% 90% 100% 44% 33% 100% 80% 100% 50% Purple 77% 77% 61% 71% 100% 33%

Green 28%

Blue 31%

Hue 345

Satur 6%

Color names Light Satur Value 30% 84% 84%

W3C name

Hex triplet #5D8AA8 #FF355E #E30B5D #915F6D #E25098 #B3446C #826644 #FF33CC #E3256B #FF0000 #F2003C #C40233 #ED1C24 #FE2712

Red 36% 100% 89% 57% 89% 70% 51% 100% 89% 100% 95% 77% 93% 100%

Green 54% 21% 4% 37% 31% 27% 40% 20% 15% 0% 0% 1% 11% 15%

Color names Blue Hue Satur 66% 37% 36% 43% 60% 42% 27% 80% 42% 0% 24% 20% 14% 7% 204 345 337 333 330 38 33 312 338 0 345 358 0 0 30% 100% 91% 21% 72% 45% 31% 100% 77% 100% 100% 98% 85% 99%

Light 51% 60% 47% 47% 60% 48% 39% 60% 52% 50% 48% 39% 52% 53%

Satur 45% 84% 95% 35% 65% 62% 48% 51% 84% 100% 100% 88% 100% 100%

Value 66% 84% 89% 57% 89% 70% 51% 204% 89%

W3C name

100% Red 95% 93% 65% 87%

Red-brown Red-orange Red-violet Redwood Regalia Rich black Rich brilliant lavender Rich carmine Rich electric blue Rich lavender Rich lilac Rich maroon Rifle green Robin egg blue Rose Rose bonbon Rose ebony Rose gold Rose madder Rose pink Rose quartz Rose taupe Rose vale Rosewood Rosso corsa Rosy brown Royal azure Royal blue (traditional) Royal blue (web) Royal fuchsia Royal purple Royal yellow Ruby Ruddy Ruddy brown Ruddy pink Rufous Russet Rust [edit] S Name Sacramento State green Saddle brown Safety orange (blaze orange) Saffron St. Patrick's blue Salmon Salmon pink Sand Sand dune Sandstorm Sandy brown Sandy taupe Sangria Sap green Sapphire Satin sheen gold Scarlet Scarlet (Crayola) School bus yellow Screamin' Green Sea blue Sea green Seal brown Seashell Selective yellow Sepia

#A52A2A #FF4500 #C71585 #AB4E52 #522D80 #004040 #F1A7FE #D70040 #0892D0 #A76BCF #B666D2 #B03060 #414833 #00CCCC #FF007F #F9429E #674846 #B76E79 #E32636 #FF66CC #AA98A9 #905D5D #AB4E52 #65000B #D40000 #BC8F8F #0038A8 #002366 #4169E1 #CA2C92 #7851A9 #FADA5E #E0115F #FF0028 #BB6528 #E18E96 #A81C07 #80461B #B7410E

65% 100% 78% 67% 32% 0% 95% 84% 3% 65% 71% 69% 25% 0% 100% 98% 40% 72% 89% 100% 67% 56% 67% 40% 83% 74% 0% 0% 25% 79% 47% 98% 88% 100% 73% 88% 66% 50% 72%

16% 27% 8% 31% 18% 25% 65% 0% 57% 42% 40% 19% 28% 80% 0% 26% 28% 43% 15% 40% 60% 36% 31% 0% 0% 56% 22% 14% 41% 17% 32% 85% 7% 0% 40% 56% 11% 27% 25%

16% 0% 52% 32% 50% 25% 100% 25% 82% 81% 82% 38% 20% 80% 50% 62% 27% 47% 21% 80% 66% 36% 32% 4% 0% 56% 66% 40% 88% 57% 66% 37% 37% 16% 16% 59% 3% 11% 5%

0 25 322 348 267 180 291 342 180 270 284 333 80 180 330 330 340 340 355 330 330 330 348 333 0 359 220 219 225 290 267 48 337 351 25 354 8 25 18

59% 100% 81% 37% 48% 100% 98% 100% 93% 51% 55% 57% 17% 100% 100% 94% 19% 34% 77% 100% 10% 22% 37% 100% 100% 25% 100% 100% 73% 64% 35% 94% 86% 100% 65% 58% 92% 65% 86%

41% 50% 43% 49% 34% 13% 83% 42% 42% 62% 61% 44% 24% 40% 50% 62% 34% 58% 52% 70% 63% 47% 49% 20% 42% 65% 33% 20% 57% 48% 49% 68% 47% 50% 45% 72% 34% 30% 39%

75% 100% 89% 54% 65% 100% 34% 100% 35% 78% 51% 65% 29% 100% 100% 74% 17% 32% 83% 77% 12% 42% 54% 75% 100% 25% 100% 100% 71% 67% 52% 62% 92% 100% 79% 37% 96% 78% 92%

65% 100% 78% 67% 50% 25% 100% 84% 75% 47% 82% 42% 28% 80% 100% 98% 20% 62% 89% 84% 50% 46% 67% 7% 83% 63% 66% 20% 88% 44% 66% 98% 88% 100% 73% 88% 66% 50% 72%

Hex triplet #00563F #8B4513 #FF6700 #F4C430 #23297A #FF8C69 #FF91A4 #C2B280 #967117 #ECD540 #F4A460 #967117 #92000A #507D2A #0F52BA #CBA135 #FF2400 #FD0E35 #FFD800 #76FF7A #006994 #2E8B57 #321414 #FFF5EE #FFBA00 #704214

Red 0% 55% 100% 96% 14% 100% 100% 76% 59% 93% 96% 59% 57% 31% 6% 80% 100% 99% 100% 46% 0% 18% 20% 100% 100% 44%

Green 34% 27% 40% 77% 16% 55% 57% 70% 44% 84% 64% 44% 0% 49% 32% 63% 14% 5% 85% 100% 41% 100% 8% 96% 73% 26%

Color names Blue Hue 25% 7% 0% 19% 48% 41% 64% 50% 9% 25% 38% 9% 4% 16% 73% 21% 0% 21% 0% 44% 58% 55% 8% 93% 0% 8% 164 25 24 45 236 14 14 45 43 52 28 43 356 93 216 49 8 350 51 122 209 87 0 25 44 30

Satur 100% 76% 100% 90% 55% 100% 100% 35% 73% 82% 87% 73% 100% 50% 85% 59% 100% 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 43% 100% 100% 70%

Light 17% 31% 50% 57% 31% 71% 78% 63% 34% 59% 67% 34% 29% 33% 39% 50% 50% 52% 50% 72% 29% 59% 14% 97% 50% 26%

Satur 100% 86% 100% 80% 0% 59% 62% 34% 85% 73% 61% 85% 100% 66% 91% 74% 100% 95% 100% 54% 100% 77% 60% 7% 100% 82%

Value 34% 55% 100% 96% 52% 100% 100% 76% 59% 93% 96% 59% 57% 49% 73% 76% 100% 99% 100% 100% 100% 55% 20% 100% 100% 44%

W3C name

Shadow Shamrock green Shocking pink Shocking pink (Crayola) Sienna Silver Sinopia Skobeloff Sky blue Sky magenta Slate blue Slate gray Smalt (Dark powder blue) Smokey topaz Smoky black Snow Spiro Disco Ball Spring bud Spring green Steel blue Stil de grain yellow Stizza Stormcloud Straw Sunglow Sunset [edit] T Name Tan Tangelo Tangerine Tangerine yellow Tango pink Taupe Taupe gray Tea green Tea rose (orange) Tea rose (rose) Teal Teal blue Teal green Telemagenta Tenn (Tawny) Terra cotta Thistle Thulian pink Tickle Me Pink Tiffany Blue Tiger's eye Timberwolf Titanium yellow Tomato Toolbox Topaz Tractor red Trolley Grey Tropical rain forest True Blue Tufts Blue Tumbleweed Turkish rose Turquoise Turquoise blue Turquoise green Tuscan red Twilight lavender Tyrian purple

#8A795D #009E60 #FC0FC0 #FF6FFF #882D17 #C0C0C0 #CB410B #007474 #87CEEB #CF71AF #6A5ACD #708090 #003399 #933D41 #100C08 #FFFAFA #0FC0FC #A7FC00 #00FF7F #4682B4 #FADA5E #990000 #4F666A #E4D96F #FFCC33 #FAD6A5

54% 0% 99% 100% 53% 75% 80% 0% 53% 81% 42% 44% 0% 58% 6% 100% 6% 65% 0% 27% 98% 60% 31% 89% 100% 98%

47% 62% 6% 44% 18% 75% 25% 45% 81% 44% 35% 50% 20% 24% 5% 98% 75% 99% 100% 51% 85% 0% 40% 85% 80% 84%

36% 38% 75% 100% 9% 75% 4% 45% 92% 69% 80% 56% 60% 25% 3% 98% 99% 0% 50% 71% 37% 0% 42% 44% 20% 65%

37 120 315 300 12 0 17 140 210 304 248 210 200 357 30 0 195 88 150 207 48 0 189 54 50 35

20% 100% 98% 100% 71% 0% 90% 100% 71% 50% 54% 13% 100% 41% 33% 100% 98% 100% 100% 44% 94% 100% 15% 68% 100% 90%

45% 31% 52% 72% 31% 75% 42% 23% 73% 63% 58% 50% 30% 41% 5% 99% 52% 49% 50% 49% 68% 30% 36% 67% 60% 81%

33% 91% 94% 48% 83% 0% 95% 97% 67% 87% 56% 22% 70% 59% 50% 1% 94% 90% 100% 61% 62% 100% 14% 51% 99% 34%

54% 75% 99% 83% 53% 75% Silver 80% 44% 96% 54% 80% 56% 60% 58% 6% 100% 99% 63% 100% 71% 98% 60% 67% 89% 98% 98%

Hex triplet #D2B48C #F94D00 #F28500 #FFCC00 #E4717A #483C32 #8B8589 #D0F0C0 #F88379 #F4C2C2 #008080 #367588 #00827F #CF3476 #CD5700 #E2725B #D8BFD8 #DE6FA1 #FC89AC #0ABAB5 #E08D3C #DBD7D2 #EEE600 #FF6347 #746CC0 #FFC87C #FD0E35 #808080 #00755E #0073CF #417DC1 #DEAA88 #B57281 #30D5C8 #00FFEF #A0D6B4 #66424D #8A496B #66023C

Red 82% 98% 95% 100% 89% 28% 55% 82% 97% 96% 0% 21% 0% 81% 80% 89% 85% 87% 99% 4% 88% 86% 93% 100% 45% 100% 99% 50% 0% 0% 25% 87% 71% 19% 0% 63% 40% 54% 40%

Green 71% 30% 52% 80% 44% 24% 52% 94% 51% 76% 50% 46% 51% 20% 34% 45% 75% 44% 54% 73% 55% 84% 90% 39% 42% 78% 5% 50% 46% 45% 49% 67% 45% 84% 100% 84% 26% 29% 1%

Blue 55% 0% 0% 0% 48% 20% 54% 75% 47% 76% 50% 53% 50% 46% 0% 36% 85% 63% 67% 71% 24% 82% 0% 28% 75% 49% 21% 50% 37% 81% 76% 53% 51% 78% 94% 71% 30% 42% 24%

Color names Hue Satur Light 34 23 33 48 355 30 30 100 5 0 180 194 179 334 25 10 300 330 342 178 30 33 58 15 174 345 350 120 207 208 24 340 175 176 142 342 329 277 44% 100% 100% 100% 68% 18% 3% 62% 90% 69% 100% 43% 100% 62% 100% 70% 24% 63% 95% 90% 73% 11% 100% 100% 40% 100% 98% 0% 100% 100% 51% 57% 31% 66% 100% 40% 21% 31% 96% 69% 49% 48% 50% 67% 24% 53% 85% 72% 86% 25% 37% 26% 51% 40% 62% 80% 65% 76% 38% 56% 84% 47% 64% 59% 74% 52% 50% 23% 41% 51% 70% 58% 51% 50% 73% 33% 41% 20%

Satur 33% 100% 100% 100% 50% 17% 1% 20% 51% 20% 100% 50% 100% 75% 100% 60% 12% 82% 46% 95% 73% 4% 100% 75% 102% 84% 94% 0% 70% 100% 70% 39% 100% 77% 100% 25% 35% 47% 67%

Value 90% 95% 100% 89% 34% 60% 94% 97% 96%

W3C name

82% Tan

50% Teal 53% 47% 81% 80% 89% 85% 92% 99% 73% 88% 86% 93% 50% 150% 84% 99% 50% 60% 81% 100% 87% 25% 84% Turquoise 100% 84% 40% 89% 44%

[edit] U Name UA blue UA red Ube UCLA Blue UCLA Gold UFO Green Ultramarine Ultramarine blue Ultra pink Umber United Nations blue University of California Gold Unmellow Yellow UP Forest green UP Maroon Upsdell red Urobilin USC Cardinal USC Gold Utah Crimson [edit] V Name Vanilla Vegas gold Venetian red Verdigris Vermilion Veronica Violet Violet (color wheel) Violet (RYB) Violet (web) Viridian Vivid auburn Vivid burgundy Vivid cerise Vivid tangerine Vivid violet [edit] W Name Warm black Waterspout Wenge Wheat White White smoke Wild blue yonder Wild Strawberry Wild Watermelon Wine Wisteria [edit] X Name Xanadu [edit] Y Name Yale Blue Yellow Hex triplet #0F4D92 #FFFF00 Red 6% 100% Green 30% 100% Blue 57% 0% Color names Hue Satur Light 212 60 81% 100% 32% 50% Satur 90% 100% Value 57% 100% Yellow W3C name Hex triplet #738678 Red 45% Green 53% Blue 47% Hue 136 Satur 8% Color names Light Satur Value 49% 14% 52% W3C name Hex triplet #004242 #A4F4F9 #645452 #F5DEB3 #FFFFFF #F5F5F5 #A2ADD0 #FF43A4 #FC6C85 #722F37 #C9A0DC Red 0% 64% 39% 96% 100% 96% 64% 100% 99% 45% 79% Green 26% 96% 33% 87% 100% 96% 68% 26% 42% 18% 63% Blue 26% 98% 32% 70% 100% 96% 82% 64% 52% 22% 86% Color names Hue Satur Light 180 183 7 39 0 0 226 329 350 353 281 100% 88% 10% 77% 0% 0% 33% 100% 96% 42% 46% 13% 81% 36% 83% 100% 96% 73% 63% 71% 32% 75% Satur 100% 87% 18% 26% 0% 0% 22% 74% 57% 59% 27% Value 26% 97% 39% 96% 100% White 96% 81% 100% 99% 45% 86% W3C name Hex triplet #F3E5AB #C5B358 #C80815 #43B3AE #E34234 #A020F0 #8F00FF #7F00FF #8601AF #EE82EE #40826D #922724 #9F1D35 #DA1D81 #FFA089 #9F00FF Red 95% 77% 78% 26% 89% 63% 56% 50% 53% 93% 25% 57% 62% 85% 100% 62% Green 90% 70% 3% 70% 26% 13% 0% 0% 0% 51% 51% 15% 11% 11% 63% 0% Blue 67% 35% 8% 68% 20% 94% 100% 100% 69% 93% 43% 14% 21% 51% 54% 100% Color names Hue Satur 48 50 0 177 5 285 274 270 270 300 161 7 345 328 12 277 75% 48% 92% 46% 76% 87% 100% 100% 99% 76% 34% 60% 69% 77% 100% 100% Light 81% 56% 41% 48% 55% 53% 50% 50% 35% 72% 38% 36% 37% 48% 77% 50% Satur 30% 55% 84% 63% 77% 97% 100% 100% 100% 45% 51% 72% 55% 87% 46% 100% Value 95% 77% 84% 70% 89% 77% 100% 100% 71% 93% 51% 52% 60% 86% 100% 100% W3C name Hex triplet #0033AA #D9004C #8878C3 #536895 #FFB300 #3CD070 #120A8F #4166F5 #FF6FFF #635147 #5B92E5 #B78727 #FFFF66 #014421 #7B1113 #AE2029 #E1AD21 #990000 #FFCC00 #D3003F Red 0% 85% 53% 33% 100% 24% 7% 25% 100% 39% 36% 72% 100% 0% 48% 68% 88% 60% 100% 83% Color names Green Blue Hue 20% 0% 47% 41% 70% 82% 4% 40% 44% 32% 57% 53% 100% 27% 7% 13% 68% 0% 80% 0% 67% 30% 76% 58% 0% 44% 56% 96% 100% 28% 90% 15% 40% 13% 7% 16% 13% 0% 0% 25% 222 359 253 221 42 141 244 228 300 21 210 40 60 149 359 356 44 0 48 342 Satur 100% 100% 39% 28% 100% 61% 87% 90% 100% 17% 73% 65% 100% 97% 76% 69% 76% 100% 100% 100% Light 33% 43% 62% 46% 50% 53% 30% 61% 72% 33% 63% 44% 70% 14% 28% 40% 51% 30% 50% 41% Satur 100% 100% 39% 44% 100% 71% 93% 74% 48% 28% 60% 79% 60% 99% 86% 82% 85% 100% 100% 100% Value 67% 85% 77% 58% 100% 82% 56% 96% 83% 39% 90% 72% 100% 27% 48% 68% 88% 60% 100% 83% W3C name

Yellow (Munsell) Yellow (NCS) Yellow (process) Yellow (RYB) Yellow-green Yellow Orange [edit] Z Name Zaffre Zinnwaldite brown

#EFCC00 #FFD300 #FFEF00 #FEFE33 #9ACD32 #FFAE42

94% 100% 100% 100% 60% 100%

80% 83% 94% 100% 80% 68%

0% 0% 0% 20% 20% 26%

50 50 56 60 80 34

100% 100% 100% 99% 61% 100%

47% 50% 50% 60% 50% 63%

100% 100% 100% 80% 76% 74%

100% 100% 100% 99% 80% 100%

Hex triplet #0014A8 #2C1608

Red 0% 17%

Green 8% 9%

Blue 66% 3%

Color names Hue Satur Light 233 23 100% 69% 33% 10%

Satur 100% 82%

Value 66% 17%

W3C name

[edit] Colors by shade [edit] White Main articles: White and Variations of white White is a balanced combination of all the colors of the visible light spectrum, or of a pair of complementary colors, or of three or more colors, such as additive primary colors. It is a neutral or achromatic (without color) color, like black and gray. Shades of white Anti-flash white Antique white Beige Blond Lavender blush Cornsilk Lemon chiffon Cosmic latte Cream Eggshell Floral white Ghost white

Honeydew

Isabelline

Ivory

Linen Splashed white

Magnolia

Mint cream

Munsell

Navajo white

Old lace

Papaya whip

Pearl

Seashell

Snow

Vanilla

White

White smoke

The samples shown above are only indicative. [edit] Pink Main article: Pink Pink is a tint of red, created by adding some white. Shades of pink Amaranth Amaranth pink Apricot Brink pink Hollywood cerise Rose pink Carmine Carnation pink Cerise Coral pink Deep carmine Deep pink

Fandango Pink

French rose Puce

Fuchsia Rose

Hot magenta Hot pink Ruby Salmon

Lavender pink Magenta Shocking pink Thulian pink

Peach Ultra pink

Persian Rose

The samples shown above are only indicative. [edit] Red Main articles: Red and Variations of red Red is any of a number of similar colors evoked by light, consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths discernible by the human eye, in the wavelength range of roughly 625750 nm. It is considered one of the additive primary colors. Shades of red Amaranth Fire brick Rose Auburn Flame Rosewood Burgundy Folly Ruby Cardinal Fuchsia Rust Carmine Lust Scarlet Cerise Magenta Terra cotta Chestnut Raspberry Tuscan red Crimson Red Vermilion Dark red Red-violet Wine Electric crimson Redwood

The samples shown above are only indicative. [edit] Orange Main article: Orange (colour) Orange is the color in the visible spectrum between red and yellow with a wavelength around 585 620 nm. In the HSV color space, it has a hue of around 30. Shades of orange Amber Deep carrot orange Apricot ECE/SAE Amber Atomic tangerine Bittersweet Brown Burnt orange Gold (metallic) Carrot orange International orange Champagne Coral Dark salmon

Flame

Gamboge

Gold

Lion

Mahogany

Old gold

Orange Princeton orange Tenn

Orange (web)

Orange-red

Orange peel

Papaya whip

Peach

Peach-orange

Peach-yellow

Persian orange

Portland Orange

Pumpkin Tomato

Rust Vermilion

Safety orange Salmon

Satin sheen gold Sunset

Tangelo

Tangerine

Tea rose

The samples shown above are only indicative. [edit] Brown Main article: Brown Brown colors are dark or muted shades of reds, oranges, and yellows on the RGB and CMYK color schemes. In practice, browns are created by mixing two complementary colors from the RYB color scheme (combining all three primary colors). In theory, such combinations should produce black, but produce brown because most commercially-available blue pigments tend to be comparatively weaker; the stronger red and yellow colors prevail, thus creating the following tones. Shades of brown Auburn Burnt umber Earth yellow Beaver Camel Ecru Beige Chamoisee Fallow Bistre Chestnut Fawn Bole Chocolate Field drab Bronze Citrine Fulvous Brown Coffee Isabelline Buff Copper Khaki Burgundy Cordovan Lion Burnt sienna Desert sand Liver Sandy brown Wheat

Mahogany Seal brown

Maroon Sepia

Ochre Sienna

Raw umber Sinopia

Redwood Tan

Rufous Taupe

Russet Tawny

Rust Umber

Sand Wenge

The samples shown above are only indicative. [edit] Yellow Main article: Yellow Yellow is the color of light with wavelengths predominately in the range of roughly 570580 nm. In the HSV color space, it has a hue of around 60. It is considered one of the subtractive primary colors. Shades of yellow Amber Apricot Beige Buff Cream Lemon chiffon School bus yellow Dark goldenrod Ecru Gold Gold (metallic) Mikado yellow Goldenrod

Green-yellow

Jasmine

Jonquil Papaya whip

Khaki

Lime Selective yellow

Lion

Maize

Naples yellow

Navajo white

Olive

Saffron

Stil de grain yellow Sunglow

Vanilla

Yellow

The samples shown above are only indicative. [edit] Gray Main article: Gray Achromatic grays are colors between black and white with no hue. Chromatic grays are achromatic grays mixed with warm hues such as orange (warm grays) or cool hues such as azure (cool grays). This gray color template includes both achromatic and chromatic grays. Shades of gray Gray Slate gray Ash gray Taupe Battleship gray Black Purple taupe Cadet gray Charcoal Taupe gray Cool gray Timberwolf Davy's gray White Payne's gray Silver

Medium taupe Rose quartz

The samples shown above are only indicative. [edit] Green Main articles: Green and Variations of green Green is a color, the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 520570 nm. It is considered one of the additive primary colors. Shades of green Apple green Asparagus Bright green Cal Poly Pomona Dark olive Dark spring green green Hunter green Dartmouth green Electric green Fern green Forest green

Green

Green-yellow

Harlequin

Honeydew

India green

Islamic green

Lawn Jungle green green

Lime

Lime green Mantis Phthalo green

Mint

Mint cream

Office green

Olive

Olive drab

Pakistan green Spring green

Paris Green

Persian green

Pigment green

Pine green

Pistachio

Shamrock Sea green green

Spring bud

Teal

Yellow-green

The samples shown above are only indicative. [edit] Cyan Main article: Cyan Cyan is any of the colors in the blue-green range of the visible spectrum, i.e., between approximately 520 and 420 nm. It is considered one of the subtractive primary colors. Shades of cyan Alice blue Aqua Aquamarine Robin egg blue Celeste Sea green Cerulean Skobeloff Cyan Tiffany Blue Electric blue Teal Jungle green Turquoise Magic mint Mint

Persian green Pine green

The samples shown above are only indicative. [edit] Blue Main articles: Blue and Variations of blue Blue is a color, the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 440490 nm. It is considered one of the additive primary colors. Shades of blue Air Force blue Alice blue Azure Cobalt blue Baby blue Bleu de France Blue Bondi blue Brandeis blue Deep sky blue Cambridge Blue Carolina blue

Celeste

Cerulean

Cornflower Columbia blue blue

Cyan

Dark blue

Dodger blue

Duke blue Majorelle Blue

Egyptian blue

Electric blue Eton blue Federal blue Midnight blue Sapphire Yale Blue Navy blue Sky blue Non-photo blue Steel blue

Glaucous

International Electric indigo Klein Blue

Iris Phthalo blue Tufts Blue

Light blue

Maya blue Royal blue Ultramarine

Palatinate blue Periwinkle Teal Tiffany Blue

Persian blue True Blue

Powder blue Turquoise

Prussian blue UCLA Blue

The samples shown above are only indicative. [edit] Violet Main articles: Violet (color) and Purple Violet is any of the colors the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 380 450 nm. Tones of violet tending towards the blue are called indigo. Purple colors are colors that are various blends of violet light or blue light and red light. Shades of violet Amethyst Lavender (web) Byzantium Cerise Eggplant Fandango Fuchsia Heliotrope Indigo Lavender blush Lavender (floral)

Magenta

Orchid

Plum

Purple

Red-violet

Rose

Thistle

Violet

Wisteria

The samples shown above are only indicative. [edit] Web colors Main article: Web colors These are the 16 colors which were once deemed "safe" for use in web pages, as they were displayed consistently across many models of computer monitors. With modern technology, this particular set of colors has become less relevant. Web colors black gray silver white maroon red purple fuchsia green lime olive yellow navy blue teal aqua

[edit] Fictional colors

Garrow and Infra-White colors invented in the Nebulous episode "Madness is a Strange Colour". Both colors affect the human mind in odd ways, either destroying or creating sanity. Professor Nebulous claims that he discovered Infra-White by looking underneath and behind the visible spectrum. Fuligin both a color and a textile having that color, associated with the Guild of Torturers in Gene Wolfe's book, The Shadow of the

Torturer. The color is defined as "the color that is darker than black" and also as "the color of soot."

Grue and bleen colors that change after an arbitrary, but fixed time; coined by Charles Dodgson[citation needed] and used by philosopher Nelson Goodman to illustrate what he calls "the new riddle of induction."[2] Hooloovoo a superintelligent shade of the color blue in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series by Douglas Adams. In Life, the Universe, and Everything, Adams mentions Agrajag's lair as being painted in "the whole spectrum of eye-defying colours from Ultra Violent to Infra Dead, taking in Liver Purple, Loathsome Lilac, Matter Yellow, Burnt hombre and Gan Green on the way."[3] Octarine the color of magic in the Discworld fantasy novels, described as resembling a fluorescent greenish-yellow purple. Squant a fourth primary color publicized by the experimental band Negativland in 1993. Jale and Ulfire new primary colors (shades of ultraviolet?) in A Voyage to Arcturus (1920) by David Lindsay. The Colour Out of Space a vaguely-described alien hue, from the story of that name by H. P. Lovecraft (1927). The colors tang and burn are colors in the infrared range seen by the albino mutant Olivia Presteign (whose vision only functions in the infrared) in the 1956 science fiction novel The Stars My Destination by Alfred Bester.[4] Htun is a color similar to black only seen by gnomes in the book Fairest by Gail Carson Levine. Sangoire is a color of red 'so dark and saturated it [is] almost black', seen in the Kushiel's Legacy Series by Jacqueline Carey. Blellow is the name given to the color created by Reese of Malcolm in the Middle when he mixed blue and yellow together. Otherwise known as green. Celestewhite is a color invented by Carlos Argentino for his lengthy topographical poem intended to describe the entire world, in Jorge Luis Borges' The Aleph. It "actually suggests the sky, an element of utmost importance in the landscape of the Down Under."