Soal soal dibawah ini merupakan merupakan contoh penerapan dari konsep yang teah dijelaskan dalam pertemuan

ke 4 dan 5, baik substansi materi yang tertuang dalam e learning termo maupun saat perkuliahan tatap muka di ruang kelas
EXAMPLE E3-1 At the exit of a nozzle (see accompanying

figure) a gas has the following properties: V1 = 95 m/s, mdot2 = 0.5 kg/min, Jdot2 = 0.0635 kW. If the nozzle exit diameter is 1 cm, determine (a) two thermodynamic properties at the exit, and (b) the flow rate of enthalpy. Neglect potential energy. [ Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 0.895 m3/kg, 3.11 kJ/kg, (b) 0.02 kW

EXAMPLE E3-2 The specific volume of a gas in m3/kg is

experimentally related to the independent properties temperature and pressure through the following functional relationship: = 4.157 T/p, where T and p are expressed in K and kPa respectively. Determine the change in , (a) exactly and (b) approximately using Taylor's theorem for the following change of state. State-1: p = 101 kPa, T = 1000 K; State-2: p=100 kPa, T = 1005 K. [Manual Solution]
Answers: (a) 0.619m3/kg, (b) 0.615m3/kg

EXAMPLE E3-3 A piston-cylinder device contains steam at a

pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of 300oC. Evaluate (a) the difference between the left and right hand sides of the first T-ds equation if the system comes to a new equilibrium with its pressure decreasing by 1 kPa and temperature increasing by 1oC. Use PC (Phase-Change) system state daemon. (b) What-if-scenario: How would the answer change if steam had velocities of 10 m/s and 100 m/s in the two states? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 5.3%, (b) 5.3%

EXAMPLE E3-4 A block of aluminum of mass 5 kg, initially at

equilibrium with the surroundings at 30oC and 100 kPa, is placed in a pressurized chamber kept at a pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 200 oC. Determine the change in (a) the internal energy, (b) enthalpy, (c) entropy of the block after it

comes to equilibrium with the chamber pressure and temperature What-if-scenario: How would the answer in part (a) and (c) change if the block were made of (e) copper, (f) gold? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 765 kJ, (b) 783.3 kJ, (c) 2.0 kJ/K, (d) 157.7 kJ, (e) 328.1 kJ, (f) 109.7 kJ

EXAMPLE E3-5 A pumping system delivers liquid water at a

higher pressure in an isentropic (constant entropy) manner. At the inlet p1=100 KPa , V1 =10 m/s and z1 =0 and at the exit p2 = 1000 KPa, V2 = 15 m/s and z2 = 5 m. Determine the change in (a) specific internal energy, (b) specific stored energy, (c) specific enthalpy, and (d) specific flow energy between the inlet and exit. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 0 kJ/kg, (b) 0.11 kJ/kg, (c) 0.90 kJ/kg, (d) 1.01 kJ/kg

EXAMPLE E3-6 Calculate the saturation temperature of (a)

water, (b) ammonia, (c) R-134a, and (d) nitrogen at 100 kPa. What-if-Scenario: How would the answers change if the pressure were increased to 1 MPa? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers:(a) 99.61oC, (b) -33.63oC, (c) -26.58oC, (d) -195oC, (e) 24.89oC

EXAMPLE E3-7 A pipe carrying refrigerant R-12 at 25oC as a

saturated liquid develops a small leak. Assuming the atmospheric conditions to be 100 kPa and 25oC, determine (a) the direction of flow at the leak, and (b) the temperature of the refrigerant when exposed to the atmosphere. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]

EXAMPLE E3-8 A tank contains superheated steam at 120

kPa. If the specific enthalpy is 2700 kJ/kg, determine the temperature of the steam. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: 112.86oC

EXAMPLE E3-9 A rigid tank with a volume of 0.02 m 3 contains

0.5 kg of refrigerant ammonia (NH3) at 25oC. Determine the phase composition. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: Saturated Mixture

EXAMPLE E3-10 In the previous problem determine (a) x, (b)

u, and (c) the volume fraction y occupied by the liquid phase. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers:(a) 35.12%, (b) 678.6 kJ/kg, (c) 540mL

EXAMPLE E3-11 The tank in the last example is heated until

all the liquid completely vaporizes. Determine (a) the pressure, and (b) temperature in the tank. (c) What-ifScenario: How would the answers change if the tank were heated until the liquid volume reduced to 200 mL? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 3148 kPa, (b) 67.8oC, (c) 2517 kPa

EXAMPLE E3-12 Saturated vapor of refrigerant R-134a flows

into an isentropic (constant entropy) compressor at a pressure of 100 kPa. If the exit pressure is 1 MPa, determine (a) the exit temperature. (b) Can you explain why entropy remains constant despite an increase in temperature at the exxit? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers:(a) 48.91oC, (b) 1.02 MPa

EXAMPLE E3-13 Water at 5 MPa and 140oC is pressurized at

constant entropy to a pressure of 10 MPa. Determine (a) the change in temperature, and (b) enthalpy. Use the CL submodel for liquid water. (c) What-if-Scenario: How would the results change if (c) the compressed liquid table or (d) the solid/liquid model were used to model liquid water instead? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 0oC, (b) 5.79 kJ/kg, (c) 5.86 kJ/kg, 5.01 kJ/kg

EXAMPLE E3-14 A piston cylinder device having a volume of

2 L contains argon at a pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 550oR. The gas is heated to a temperature of 800 oR in a constant volume process. Determine (a) the mass of the gas, and (b) the change in pressure, (c) entropy during the process. Assume the atmospheric conditions to be 100 kPa and 25oC. (e) What-if-Scenario: How would the answer in part (c) change if the heating were carried out at a constant pressure? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers:(a) 0.003 kg, (b) 46.1 kPa, (c) 0.0003 kJ/K, (d) 0.027 kJ, (e) 0.044 kJ

EXAMPLE E3-15 Superheated steam at a pressure of 10 kPa

and temperature 200oC undergoes a process to a final pressure and temperature of 50 kPa and 300oC respectively. Determine (a) v, (b ) u, (c) h, and (d) s, assuming superheated steam to behave like a perfect gas. (e) Whatif-Scenario: How would these results change if the phasechange model were used? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers:(a) -16.56m3/kg, (b) 141 kJ/kg, (c) 187.2 kJ/kg, (d) -0.38 kJ/kg.K, (e) -16.54m3/kg

EXAMPLE E3-16 A tank of volume 10 m3 contains air at a

pressure of 100 kPa and a temperature of 300 K. The air is heated to a temperature of 2000 K. Treating air as an ideal gas, determine (a) the final pressure, and the change in the total internal energy of air. (c) What-if-Scenario: How would the answers change if the perfect gas model were used? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 667 kPa, (b) 17004 kJ, (c) 667 kPa

EXAMPLE E3-17 A tank of volume 10 m contains nitrogen at

a pressure of 3 MPa and a temperature of 125 K. Determine the mass of nitrogen in the tank using the (a) ideal gas, (b) real gas (Lee Kestler), and (c) real gas (Nelson-Obert) models. What-if-Scenario: (c) How would the answers

change if the phase-change model were used? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 806 kg, (b) 1754 kg, (c) 1833 kg

EXAMPLE E3-18 (a) Predict the pressure of oxygen gas

having a temperature of 200 K and a specific volume of 0.001726 m3/kg using the real gas model. What-ifScenario: How would the answer change if we used (b) the ideal gas equation of state, (c) the van der Waals equation, (d) the BWR equation, or (e) the phase-change model is used.? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 21.33 MPa, (b) 29.55 MPa, (c) 24.57 MPa, (d) 19.5 MPa

EXAMPLE E3-19 Superheated steam at a pressure of 500 kPa

and temperature of 450oC undergoes an isothermal process to a final pressure of 20 MPa. Determine the change in (a) specific volume, and (b) enthalpy employing the real gas model. What-if-Scenario: How would the answers change if (c) the phase-change, (d) ideal gas, and (e) the perfect gas model were used? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a,c,d,e) -0.65 m3/kg, (b) -274.5 kJ/kg