Hi-tech security for automobiles through mobiles

CHAPTER: 3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Dept. of ECE, AITS,Hyd

Hi-tech security for automobiles through mobiles 3.1. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Dept. of ECE, AITS,Hyd

Hi-tech security for automobiles through mobiles

Fig 3.1: Block Diagram of Hi-SATM

3.1.1. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION: In general a mobile communication device receives an incoming call signal, and activates a call alert function to alert a user of the mobile communication device of the incoming call. The mobile communication device also presents the user with the 6 Dept. of ECE, AITS,Hyd

Hi-tech security for automobiles through mobiles alternative options of auto-answering the incoming call, or answering the call normally. If the auto-answer option is chosen, the mobile communication device answers the call and transmits a pre-recorded greeting message to the calling party, then puts the call on hold until the user is ready to speak with the calling party. This avoids the disruption of having to answer the call immediately. But here the application is quite different; the called mobile need not replay, the aim is putting the receiving mobile in to auto answering mode is to establish a communication link between the two mobiles automatically. In general, whenever any mobile receives any call from any phone, answering key has to be activated manually, here human involvement is avoided, there by the receiving mobile is always put in to auto answering mode to accept the command signals from caller phone. Now the output of the mobile phone is fed to an audio amplifier circuit to amplify the signal strength of audio signals. Initially after establishing a communication link between two mobiles, different command signals in the form of DTMF (duel tone multi frequency) codes are supposed to be generated to control the three different relays individually. There by the DTMF signals in the form of low frequencies produced by the mobile phone, as it is we can not use to drive the DTMF decoder chip, because the signal strength is very low, hence an audio amplifier is essential to increase the signal strength. 3.1.2. OPERATION: The main purpose of the project work is to enhance the safety of our personal vehicle through our mobile phone. In this regard, through another mobile installed in the vehicle, as per the instructions passed through any mobile or land line, the control circuit breaks supply of fuel to the engine, energizes the siren to alert the surrounding people, announces the information automatically, and breaks supply to the head lights. All these activities are performed by the microcontroller through relays. The control circuit is designed with DTMF signal Decoder and Micro controller chip, these two devices are playing major roll in this project work. 3.2. WORKING PROCEDURE: The process begins from mobile phone, which is installed in the vehicle, whenever it receives any call from any phone, generally somebody has to activate the answer key to establish a link between two phones, and then the conversation starts

Dept. of ECE, AITS,Hyd

Hi-tech security for automobiles through mobiles between two persons. This is general phenomenon, here the application is quite different, it is the function of mobile phone to control the relays according to the command signals received from the another phone, and therefore a call is to be established automatically. To achieve this, the receiving side mobile is supposed to be put in auto answering mode. 3.3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: 3.3.1. DTMF DECODER: After establishing link between the two phones, the DTMF decoder will come into the picture for decoding the DTMF signal, generated by activating the key pad of data transmitting telephone. Here the DTMF signal differs from one numerical key to the other numerical key, whenever any key is depressed; two different low frequencies are generated by the exchange and transmitted through telecommunications network. The output of this DTMF decoder is fed to micro controller and based on this signal, the 8870 chip used as DTMF signal decoder generates four bit data through four outputs. This data is fed to microcontroller and depending up on this data; the microcontroller controls the relays. For example: to give a command, initially a call has to be established, after that if we want to control the solenoid valve through relay, number one of data transmitting telephone key pad must be activated, by which two different frequencies of 697Hz and 1207 Hz will be generated, on receipt of this signal in data receiving module, the DTMF decoder chip generates a binary code of 0001, based on this data the microcontroller energizes relay 1, this relay contact is used to break supply to the solenoid valve, there by the flow of fuel through this valve will be stopped automatically. The microcontroller is programmed such that, whenever it receives 0001 code, immediately it energizes the relay 1 and relay 2 simultaneously, relay 1 function is mentioned above, whereas

Dept. of ECE, AITS,Hyd

Hi-tech security for automobiles through mobiles

Fig 3.2: Circuit Diagram of Hi-SATM

relay 2 contact is used to energize the siren circuit. This siren circuit is energized for a specific time, depending up on the time delay program prepared for relay 2, after specific time this relay is de-energized automatically, there by siren remains in salient

Dept. of ECE, AITS,Hyd

Hi-tech security for automobiles through mobiles mode. Once the controller resets the siren, immediately it energizes the voice channel of record cum play back chip. 3.3.2. VOICE RECORDING CUM PLAYBACK CHIP: The voice recording cum playback chip used in this project work is very familiar device; this device is interfaced with micro controller. Hear APR 9301 chip is used, this is a single channel chip, and this chip is designed to store the message up to 20 seconds. Depending upon the program prepared for micro controller and depending up on the data received from the DTMF decoder, the controller performs the functions one after another in a sequence, in this regard the third function of the microcontroller is to activate the voice chip automatically. Since the chip offers 20 seconds duration, lot of information can be recorded, hear a simple message is recorded, which can be spelled less then 3 seconds. There by the same message is repeated again and again till it covers 20 seconds, after completing 20 seconds again the controller re-activates the same voice channel, this process is continued until another command is received from the data transmitting mobile. The message is simple, if it is car this car is stolen, this the message and it is repeated again and again. Facility is provided in the circuit such that, the message stored in the voice channel can be erased and if required a new message can be recorded through microphone. The APR9301 device offers true single-chip voice recording, non-volatile storage, and playback capability for 20 seconds. The device supports that it can be recorded, and recorded message can be erased, recorded message can heard. Sample rates are user-selectable, allowing designers to customize their design for unique quality and storage time needs. Integrated output amplifier, microphone amplifier, and AGC circuits greatly simplify system design. The device is ideal for use in portable voice recorders and many other consumer and industrial applications. 3.3.3. DECODING CIRCUIT: The DTMF signal decoding circuit is designed using 8870 IC. The purpose of this unit is to decode the DTMF signals that are available at the input stage of the receiver side circuit. The out put of the data receiving mobile phone is amplified and fed to pin number 2 of this decoder chip, this chip is designed to generate binary code through its four out puts. With the help of some passive elements, 8870 IC produces

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Dept. of ECE, AITS,Hyd

Hi-tech security for automobiles through mobiles BCD codes for the corresponding DTMF signals. The output BCD code from this circuit is fed to microcontroller. As described, after establishing communication link between two mobiles, and by activating different keys of caller mobile key pad, different low frequencies are produced and transmitted. For example; if number one key is activated, two different low frequencies of 697 Hz and 1209 Hz are produced, similarly when number two key is depressed, 697 Hz and 1336 Hz are produced, when 8870 IC receives this code, it generates 0010 code at its out puts. Like wise depending up on the different frequencies produced by activating the mobile key pad, different binary codes are produced, and based in this binary code the microcontroller controls the relays. In addition to the above features, another important feature is also incorporated in the system, such that by activating another key another binary code will be generated and based on this code the controller activates the third relay. This relay contact is used to break supply to the head lights, there fore if the car is stolen in the night, the intention of the owner is to cut the supply to the head lights through his mobile, and it is quite difficult for the thief driving the car during the night without headlights. This relay contact can be connected in series with the switch and head lamps, normally closed contact is used, when the relay is energized, normally closed contact becomes open automatically and disconnects the supply, in this condition the lamps never glow even if the switch is activated until the controller receives another code. 3.3.4. MICROCONTROLLER UNIT: The next important device used in this project work is microcontroller, it is playing roll, there by the following description mainly focuses about Micro controller and its architecture, because it is treated as heart of the project work. Today, there is no such instrument that can function without Micro controller. Micro controllers have become an integral part of all instruments. Many tedious from simple to dedicated tasks are left over to the controller for solutions. The Micro controller used in this project work is ATMEL 89C51, basically this IC belongs to 8051 family. In1981, Intel Corporation introduced an 8- bit Micro controller, which is named as 8051. This controller is having 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of ROM, two timers, one serial port, and four ports. This IC is called as 8- bit Processor, means that the CPU can work on only 8-bits of data at a time. The 8051 is having four ports and each port contain 8 input / output lines. This IC became very

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Dept. of ECE, AITS,Hyd

Hi-tech security for automobiles through mobiles popular after Intel allowed other manufacturers to make and market any flavors of the 8051 they please with the condition that they remain code compatible with the 8051. This has led to many versions of the 8051 with different speeds and amounts of on-chip ROM marketed by many manufacturers. ATMEL is one of the major manufacturers of these devices and are compatible with the original 8051 as far as the instructions are concerned. The original 8051 of Intel are having a maximum of 64K bytes of on-chip ROM, where as the ATMEL 89C51 is having only 4K bytes on the chip. ATMEL 89C52 is designed with 8K memory, like wise up to 20K bites on the chips are available from ATMEL Company. The Atmel Corporation has a wide selection of 8051 chips and out of, the AT 89C51 is a popular and inexpensive chip used for many applications. It has 4K bytes of flash ROM; C stands for CMOS, which has low power consumption. The ATMEL AT89C51 is a low power, higher performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). Its high-density non-volatile memory compatible with standard MCS-51 instruction set makes it a powerful controller that provides highly flexible and cost effective solution to control applications. Micro-controller works according to the program written in it. Most microcontrollers today are based on the Harvard architecture, which clearly defined the four basic components required for an embedded system. These include a CPU core, memory for the program (ROM or Flash memory), memory for data (RAM), one or more timers (customizable ones and watchdog timers), as well as I/O lines to communicate with external peripherals and complementary resources all this in a single integrated circuit. A microcontroller differs from a general-purpose CPU chip in that the former generally is quite easy to make into a working computer, with a minimum of external support chips. A traditional microprocessor won't allow you to do this. It requires all of these tasks to be handled by other chips. For example, some number of RAM memory chips must be added. The amount of memory provided is more flexible in the traditional approach, but at least a few external memory chips must be provided, and additionally requires that many connections must be made to pass the data back and forth to them. For instance, a typical microcontroller will have a built in clock generator and a small amount of RAM and ROM (or EPROM or EEPROM), meaning that to make it work, all that is needed is some control software and a timing crystal (though some 12 Dept. of ECE, AITS,Hyd

Hi-tech security for automobiles through mobiles even have internal RC clocks). Microcontrollers will also usually have a variety of input/output devices, such as analog-to-digital converters, timers, UARTs or specialized serial communications interfaces like IC, Serial Peripheral Interface and Controller Area Network. Often these integrated devices can be controlled by specialized processor instructions. Originally, microcontrollers were only programmed in assembly language, or later in C code. Recent microcontrollers integrated with on-chip debug circuit accessed by In-circuit emulator via JTAG (Joint Text Action Group) enables a programmer to debug the software of an embedded system with a debugger. More recently, however, some microcontrollers have begun to include a built-in high-level programming language interpreter for greater ease of use. BASIC is a common choice, and is used in the popular BASIC Stamp MCUs (Master Control Unit). Microcontrollers trade away speed and flexibility to gain ease of equipment design and low cost. There's only so much room on the chip to include functionality, so for every I/O device or memory increase the microcontroller includes, some other circuitry has to be removed. Finally, it must be mentioned that some microcontroller architectures are available from many different vendors in so many varieties that they could rightly belong to a category of their own. Chief among these are the 8051 family. 3.3.5. SOLENOID VALVE: Another important active device used in the project work is Solenoid valve; this valve can be arranged between the fuel tank and engine. Supply to this valve is provided through relay 1 contact, for this purpose normally closed contact is used to supply the fuel continuously, whenever the microcontroller receives fuel cutoff signal, immediately it energizes relay 1 and breaks supply to the valve, there by fuel supply to the engine will be stopped automatically. A solenoid is a coil of wire that becomes magnetized when electricity is run through it. Solenoids often have a hole in the middle and a protruding metal rod that is pushed or pulled by magnetism when power is applied. A solenoid valve uses a solenoid to actuate a valve. This lets you control the flow of water, air, or other things with electricity. There are many different types of solenoid valves available, and many companies that make them. When selecting a solenoid valve, we must pay attention to: Coil voltage, current, AC or DC, and intermittent versus continuous duty. Valve type

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Dept. of ECE, AITS,Hyd

Hi-tech security for automobiles through mobiles Aperture size Pressure rating Materials (medium) that it can control, such as air/water Generally in automobiles 12V or 24V batteries are used to start the engine or to energize the head lights, so any electrical or electronic device like solenoid valve or relay, they are suppose to operate at above voltages, since it is a prototype module and since 12V solenoid valves are not available in the market, here 230V mains operated valve is used for the demonstration purpose. The siren circuit is designed with two 555 timer chips, the circuit is designed to generate two different tone frequencies to simulate siren. Provision is made in the circuit such that frequency of both the ICs can be varied independently to generate different sounds.

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Dept. of ECE, AITS,Hyd