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EM/APR 2010/MEC442/KJM492

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

FLUID MECHANICS II MEC442/KJM492 APRIL 2010 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. This question paper consists of six (6) questions. Answer any five (5) questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty a one - page Appendix 1

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages
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EM/APR 2010/MEC442/KJM492

QUESTION 1 a) A converging duct flow is modeled by a steady two-dimensional field for which the velocity field is given by

V = (U0+bx)i-{by)j
and the pressure field is given by

P = P0-[2VQbx + b2{x2+y2)]
where U0 is the horizontal speed at x=0, P0 is the pressure at x=0 and b is a constant. i) ii) Show that the continuity equation is satisfied. Derive an expression for the acceleration and for the rate of change of pressure following a fluid particle. (14 marks)

b)

A general equation for a steady, two-dimensional velocity field is given by V = {axx + bxy)i + {a2x + b2y)j where a%, a2, b-i, and b2 are constants.

Calculate the x and y components of the acceleration field. (6 marks)

QUESTION 2 a) Two equal magnitude uniform stream of Va in positive x-direction and positive y-direction and a doublet of strength K situated at origin are superimposed. i) ii) iii) Write down the stream function, y for all the three components. Write down the velocity potential, < for all the three components. > j Sketch approximately the streamlines for positive x-direction flow superimpose with doublet given the boundary conditions for vj/=0 at r=a. (16 marks)

b)

Describe the difference in the value of constant C between rotational and irrotational inviscid Bernoulli equation as given below: P V2 + + gz-C 2 P

where C is the constant. (4 marks)

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EM/APR 2010/MEC442/KJM492

QUESTION 3 a) Water at 15 (v=1.14x10"6 m2/s) flows over a flat plate at a speed of 1 m/s. The plate is 0.4m long and 1 m wide. The boundary layer on each surface of the plate is laminar. Assume that the velocity profile may be approximated as linear

Determine the drag force on the plate using Momentum Integral Equation. (16 marks) b) For flow over a flat plate with zero pressure gradient, show whether the shear stress increases, decreases or remains constant along the plate. (4 marks)

QUESTION 4 a) What is meant by a normal shock wave? What physical properties are conserved across a normal shock wave? Hence write down sufficient equations to enable the prediction of the temperature, pressure, density and velocity downstream of a shock wave from a knowledge of the upstream values of these properties. (10 marks) Air with a stagnation temperature and pressure of 450 K and 5 bar respectively is accelerated to 500 m/s by an isentropic process. Calculate the temperature and pressure of the gas at this velocity. The air then passes through a normal shock wave. Show that the air leaves the shock wave with a velocity of about 300 m/s and find its temperature and pressure. (For air use y=1.4 and Cp=1007 J/kg K). The following expressions may be used without proof: f v>\~V

b)

2yMx

-\y-\)
(10 marks)

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EM/APR 2010/MEC442/KJM492

QUESTION 5 a) Sketch the discharge/head/power/efficiency characteristics for radial-flow and axial-flow pumps respectively (6 marks) A centrifugal pump of impeller diameter 110 mm rotates at 1500 rpm. The axial width of the impeller at the periphery is 12 mm and the blades are swept back at an angle of 30 to the tangent to the periphery. Assuming the flow at inlet to be in the radial direction and the head loss within the volute chamber equals 30% of absolute velocity head at the exit of the impeller, i) ii) estimate the Shut-off head (i.e. No flow condition), and calculate the head developed when the pump delivers 0.008 m3/s of liquid. (14 marks)

b)

QUESTION 6 a) A Newtonian fluid of absolute viscosity (j. flows radially outwards between closely-spaced horizontal plates at a volumetric flow rate Q. The uniform gap between the plates is h. If the pressure difference between points at radii Ri and R2 is Ap, derive an expression for the pressure difference Ap in terms of the other variables. (14 marks) A pipe of diameter 330 mm carries water at a gauge pressure of 1000 Pa. At a flanged joint, the gap between adjacent plane flanges is 0.15 mm. The outer diameter of the flanges is 450 mm. Calculate the leakage loss at this flange joint. (Take |a=0.001 kg/ms) (6 marks)

b)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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APPENDIX 1

EM/APR 2010/MEC442/KJM4

FORMULA LIST Equations of Motion in Cartesian Coordinate System.

{ du
P

du
+

(hi
+ V

du\

dp
=

(d2u

d2u

d2u

\lTt
du \dt

"7
Bv dx

V
dy du dy

+ W

TI
dz) du\ dz)

"T

M 7^
\dx

T^

^
dz / cfv) dz2 j

\of ox (y direction)

dx dp dy

dy d~v dy2

'

by

d^V * \dx2

(z direction)
dw
t

dw

dw

dw\

dp

(d"w

d2w
2

d~w'

\ ~~ ' <*t

" dx

dy

dz, J

dz

"-' "

\ 8x

'

dy'

' a?,

Equations of Motion in Cylindrical Coordinate System.

Continuity: r(.rvr) r dr Convective time derivative:

" 1

+ -T^(Vfl) + T~(Vz) = 0 r 30 dz

*\

rl

Y V v

' - 'Tr 7 -dl

+ V

+ V

*Tz
b2

Laplacian operator: _2 _ 1 d (
V

d \ , 1 d2
+

-717VTrr r2W

l?

The r-momentum equation:

The 0-momentum equation:

The z-momentum equation:

(V.v K ^If +fc+ ^

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