Imran Mazumder SID: 2710356

CW2 - Concrete Column Design

303BE - Concrete Column design

Imran Mazumder

303BE Steel and Concrete Structures CW2 Design Exercise

SID: 2710356

Task 1 - C
Creating the Layout The M-N interaction table, such as shown below in Figure 1, was created using the help of a spreadsheet (MS Excel) which would allow to create a M-N interaction diagram to determine the area of reinforcement in a concrete section. It also included the data provided for easier reference in equations in the spreadsheet.

Figure 1: M-N interaction table. Basic Equations The following equations are necessary equations to find out their respective values and applied in figure 1 to ultimately find out N (kN) and M (kNm) for a range of x (mm) values. Each equation below is presented with their respective formulae used in spreadsheet. 1) sc = 2) s = Excel: =0.0035*((B4-$M$5)/B4) Excel: =0.0035*(($L$5-B4)/B4)

3) fsc = fs = 0.87 * fyk Excel: =0.87*$J$2 4) N = (0.567*fck*b*0.8x) + (fsc* As' ) - (0.87*fyk*As) Excel: =((0.567*$I$2*450*(0.8*B3))+(E3*$M$2)+(F3*$M$2)) 5) M = (0.567*fck*b*0.8x*( ) + (fsc * As'* ) - (fs*As* )

Excel: =(0.567*$I$2*$J$5*0.8*B3*(($K$5/2)-((0.8*B3)/2))+(E3*$M$2*(($K$5/2)-$M$5))(F3*$M$2*(($L$5-($K$5/2))))) There are a few things that needs to be noted, a) Stress - strain relations for steel: If y = 0.00217 then f = 0.87fyk < y then f = E *

Imran Mazumder

303BE Steel and Concrete Structures CW2 Design Exercise

SID: 2710356

b) Compatibility of strains: When the neutral axis surpasses, h. sc = 0.002 and s = 0.002

c) Equilibrium: s h N = 0.567*fck*b*h + fscAs'+fsAs M = Fsc( ) + Fs ( ) The first term from the right hand side of the equation will disappear as s exceeds the value of h. M-N interaction diagram Before the table could be completed, the area of steel was required to get the values for M and N and one interaction diagram was required to be produced for As = 1%, 2%, 3% of the area of concrete column. Using the dimensions provided, the area of concrete (b x h) is calculated and then multiplied with the percentages of As (1%, 2%, 3%) to find the area of steel. These values are the substituted in the equations of N and M. Area of steel = As for 1% = 270000 * 0.01 = 2700mm2. As for 2% = 270000 * 0.02 = 5400mm2. As for 3% = 270000 * 0.03 = 8100mm2 Applying these values into the table in figure 1 and plotting a graph with the allowable design moment, M (kNm), against the allowable compressive force, N (kN), the following graph is produced.

10000000

M-N Interaction Diagram

8000000

Compression Failure
6000000 N (N)

Area of steel = 1% Area of steel = 2% Area of steel = 3%

4000000

2000000

Balanced Failure Tension failure

0 0 -2000000 500000000 M (Nmm) 1E+09

1.5E+09

Figure 2 - M-N Interaction diagram

Imran Mazumder

303BE Steel and Concrete Structures CW2 Design Exercise

SID: 2710356

Task 1 - D
Area of concrete = 450mm * 600mm = 270000mm2. Interpreting the graph by using the provided M and N values we get As = 2%. 270000 * 0.02 = 5400mm2. Using 8 H32 mm bars would be appropiate.

Imran Mazumder

303BE Steel and Concrete Structures CW2 Design Exercise

SID: 2710356

Task 2 - C
Creating the Layout

Figure 3 The table shown in figure-3 was created following an example provided in the coursework brief. This will be used to calculate the minimum area of reinforcement required in a column section depending on a range of x (mm) values. Basic Equations The following are the equations that were applied to the spreadsheet. Their respecitive formulae used are shown beside each equation. 1) sc = 2) s = ( ) Excel: =0.0035*((A2-$N$5)/A2) Excel: =0.0035*(($P$5-A2)/A2)

3) fsc = fs = 0.87 * fyk Excel : =IF(B2<0.00217, 200000*B2, 435) 4) fsc mod = fsc - 0.567fck Excel: =D2-(0.567*$K$2) 5) As' =
( )

Excel: =(($Q$5*($M$2+($M$5/2)-$O$5))-(0.5657*$K$2*$L$5*F2*($P$5-(F2/2))))/(G2*($P$5-$N$5)) 6) As = 7) e = Excel: =R5/Q5 Excel: =(($Q$5-((0.567*$K$2*$L$5*F2)+(G2*H2)))/(E2))

It must be noted that fs must be negative when As is in tension. Applying these equations in their respective cells the total As can be found out by adding As' and As. Following these steps the graph of x (mm) against Total As (mm2) can be constructed and is shown in below in figure 4.

Imran Mazumder

303BE Steel and Concrete Structures CW2 Design Exercise

SID: 2710356

Minimum area of reinforcement

7100.000

7000.000

6900.000 Total As (mm2)

6800.000

6700.000

6600.000

6500.000 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 x (mm)

Imran Mazumder References

303BE Steel and Concrete Structures CW2 Design Exercise

SID: 2710356

Mosley, Bungey and Hulse, 2007. Reinforced concrete design to Eurocode 2, Sixth Edition. Hampshire, Palsgrave Macmillan. Fiona Cobb, 2011. Structural Engineer's Pocket Book, second edition. Oxford, Elsevier Ltd.