Ethical Issues

Introduction Ethics is the part of philosophy dealing with morality and the obligations of man. Morality is relative to the actions or characters of individuals from the point of view of good or evil. Is something that does not belong to the field of the senses or physical, but to the understanding, awareness or spiritual? Neither belongs to the legal field, but the internal forum and respect human. The subject of business ethics is the application of ethical principles to the area of economic activity. Core values of business ethics is humanity, solidarity and responsibility. Standards for this are social justice and sustainability. It is not the role of business ethics to work out instructions but in fact it is the responsibility of organizations to look into this matter independently. For business ethics it requires an interdisciplinary discourse on which philosophers and economists, but also social scientists and theologians are involved. Basically, there is this a practical level, on the concrete issues clarified and practical attitude to be assessed, and a theoretical level, theories are judged ethically on the economic and discussed, the connection between ethics and economics is what and how this relationship can be designed or should(Andersen, 2006). Abortion and Ethics In South Africa, the only private abortion provider officially endorsed by government is the Marie Stopes chain an organisation funded by the EU (par. 12). The article based on the South African perspective of abortion and ethical practices. A few weeks ago, the UNs Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health, Anand Grove, asserted in a report that any attempts to criminalise abortion were contrary to international law and human rights (par. 8). The cultivation of human activity seeks the fullness of life and health (Seedhouse, 2006). To the extent that the duties and rights of human beings relate to him, and care as a fundamental principle of bioethics, shall define the discipline by its formal object, such as health science of culture.This principle of autonomy was the basis of bioethics from the socio-political, legal and moral but not to guarantee the respect of people in various transactions. This attitude comes with the recognition of the value of a person, whether inherent or also related to a skill or behavior. For example, comply with the "good sense" of anyone in particular. South Africans, according to the Human Sciences Research Council, are vociferously anti-abortion; statistically, more [people] oppose abortion than support it (par. 2). Primarily, there is a growing fragmentation of ethical communities (research and practice), which is giving rise to new terminologies, such as nano-ethics or neuroethics. This fragmentation has been evident for some years through the overlapping ground between bioethics and medical ethics or environmental ethics. However, it is evident that this fragmentation will continue to grow through more specialist inquiries

into subjects that include, for instance, the emerging subjects of information ethics, or the ethics of outer space. There is no ethical issue on the side of women as she is not well and requires it to save her life. There is an ethical issue on the side of the medical staff who refused to perform the abortion due to moral principles. It should have been kept in mind that it was not a normal abortion, but more of a decision to save someones life. To understand the ethical issues related to pregnancy and abortion, it is essential to understand the dilemma involved. For nearly 20 years, the abortion debate has divided mothers and daughters, men and women, religious and agnostics. No other issue is as divisive of American society as is this one--not nuclear deterrence, the economy, the Equal Rights Amendment, nor affirmative action. Popular opinion polls strongly suggest that a majority of Americans regard abortion as a kind of killing, yet are in favor of abortion rights (Ahman, 2009).

Social Exclusion

Social exclusion is a multi-dimension concept of individual or group of individuals is excluded from participating in the society. On Monday experts said social exclusion and the
breakdown of law and order could have spurred looters to disregard social norms (par. 1). This exclusion of participation can be wholly or partially, depending on, the reason for

exclusion or the culture of the society. UK Department of Internal Development (2005), defines social exclusion as "Social exclusion describes a process by which certain groups are systematically disadvantaged because they are discriminated against on the basis of their ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation, caste, descent, gender, age, disability, HIV status, migrant status or where they live. Discrimination occurs in public institutions, such as the legal systems or education and health services as well as social institutions like the households (p. 3). The exclusion today is a social phenomenon and a political issue, economically poor, socially corrosive and politically explosive.

Many of the people involved [in looting] are likely to have been from low-income, high-unemployment estates, and many, if not most, do not have much of a legitimate future (par. 2). Anti oppressive practice in social work recognizes social divisions and

structural inequalities within society and generate forms of discrimination and oppression against various social categories: race, gender, age. Matched with post-structuralism practices, antioppressive practices require social change and social justice. Anti-oppressive practices seek to reduce the devastating effects that generate structural differences in the lives of people, simplifying the process and result in a bid to empower them (De Haan and Maxwell , 1998, p. 1-9.). It needs to be noted that social work has the potential to either contribute to forms of discrimination, stigmatization and exclusion, and to criticize and transform those through practices based on complex scenarios.

Looting was seen as a less risky activity than rioting (par. 13). It is people, processes or

working relationships and the reference to social exclusion, but the extent is for those individuals who have been facing social exclusion. The social exclusion discourse by Ruth Levitas (2005) states that, New Labour reform is moralistic visions for combating social exclusions and diverting the focus towards social inclusion. There are differences in how each European Union member state has interpretations about social exclusion discourse, and the national traditions and expectations signals have been nurtured in the process. The models namely RED, SID and MUD were from the analysis of reforms in Europe and Britain in the late nineties (Levitas, 2005, p. 155). Currently there are relevant and analytical models that allow us to explore the change that has produced do in social inclusion policies in recent years, keeping in that they are ideal models and most of the scientific literature contains a contradictory mix of speeches.

Organizational Ethics Considering that fact that discovers of companies has been aware of and has encompassed the privileges of stakeholders, and their responsibilities and their obligations to them, in their business strategizing, raising the question of ethics. One of the most recurring ethical matters that can be discovered in the locality of companies is the number of them that have managed with the inquiry of bribery and gift giving in global business. This topic presents managers in companies with tough business conclusions founded on the uncertainties of heritage relativism. It may be the case that, in their dwelling homeland, the exchange of presents between business aides is unethical and, in some situations, such swaps may be construed as illegal bribes. However, in numerous owner nations business gift giving is a heritage anticipated part of managing business and business connection building. In detail, in some nations the malfunction to give presents may lead to the decrease of business transactions since the owner may take the non-attendance of a gift as an abuse and in some contexts the worth of a gift is to be high. Gift giving in global business transactions is, therefore a difficulty of relativism and is often in the precept When in Rome, manage as the Romans do. This vintage adage proposes that the occurrence of heritage relativism is genuine and that there may be more than one ethical benchmark as asserted by which persons require measuring their actions. Moreover, it proposes to managers in companies that they require being mindful of any dissimilarity in owner homeland business practices that go away from their own and that occasionally these might confrontation with their own dwelling homeland business ethics and fundamental values. In this case, gift giving may emerge to be a

pattern of bribery that corrupts the grade playing area of business or it may just emerge to be an acknowledged and regular part of business relationships, it all counts on your outlook from the owner or the dwelling homeland and the appropriate standards that stand behind that view. Conclusion

The ethical and social issue have significant impact over the people and the society as a whole. Assessment of the issue, development of policies and strategies to combat the issues as well as increasing need of social workers and agencies have become an augmented need of the society. Ethics is the set of beliefs and set of values an individual has. The values and beliefs can vary from society to society. An ethical act can be unethical in a distinct society. It should be made sure that every act should be ethical.
Being followed with the combined modern technology is the nature of changing our scope of action, that means human nature is changing, and ethics must now change, as well. This does not necessarily destabilize most natural law norms in a loosening way. In fact, the strictures of ethics suites the perception I have in mind and I need to be tightened as our power grows, lest we cause unimaginable harms by foolish accidents. Ultimately, words like looser and tighter may simply be misleading; the only thing we can be assured of is that ethics will be different. We need to evaluate our situation and adopt policies in accord with our new ethical responsibilities as beings of growing technological power. We have the scientific and philosophical resources for achieving our task.

References

Looting 'fuelled by social exclusion' (2011) The Guardian. Retrieved on 14 December, 2011, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/aug/08/looting-fuelled-by-social-exclusion De Haan, A. and S. Maxwell (1998) Poverty and Social Exclusion in North and South, IDS Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 1, p. 1-9. DFID. (2005) Reducing poverty by tackling social exclusion: A policy paper. Department for International Development, p. 3. Graf, J. (2000), Physicians Should Grant requests for Assistance in Suicide. Problems of Death, p. 12-98. Lane, H. (2004) The Blackwell handbook of global management: a guide to managing complexity John Wiley & Sons, p. 161. Levitas, R. (2005) The inclusive society?: social exclusion and New Labour. Palgrave Macmillan, p. 10-155. Phillips, R. (2003) Stakeholder Theory and Organizational Ethics Berrett-Koehler Publishers, p. 112-115. Richardson, E. (2005), The Terminally Ill Should be Allowed to Choose Euthanasia San Diego: Greenhaven, p. 21-96. Seedhouse, D. (2006),Ethics: The heart of health care, 2nd Ed, New York, Wiley Publishers, p.52-55. Waldburger, C. (2011), The ethics of abortion Daily News. Retrieved on 14 December, 2011, from http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/the-ethics-of-abortion-1.1194187

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