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Agenda
4G LTE and LTE Advanced standards MATLAB and communications system design Case study: A 4G LTE system model in MATLAB
Modeling & simulation Simulation acceleration Path to implementation
Summary
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IEEE standards
802.11a
802.11b
802.11g
802.11n
802.16d
802.16e 802.16m
W-CDMA (UMTS)
HSDPA HSPA+
European standards
GSM HSUPA
LTE
GPRS
Edge
LTE Advanced
IS-54
IS-136
1990
2000
2004
2010
time
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Motivation
Very high capacity & throughput Support for video streaming, web browsing, VoIP, mobile apps
Academics
Researchers contributing to future standards Professors Students
Practitioners
System Engineers Software designers Implementers of wireless systems
Simplify translation from specification to a model as blue-print for implementation Introduce innovative proprietary algorithms Dynamic system-level performance evaluation Accelerate simulation of large data sets Address gaps in the implementation workflow
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MATLAB is the ideal language for algorithm design & system modeling Communication System Toolboxes extends breadth of MATLAB modeling tools MATLAB and Simulink are ideal environment for dynamic & large scale simulations Accelerate simulation with a variety of options in MATLAB Address implementation workflow gaps with
Automatic MATLAB to C/C++ and HDL code generation Hardware-in-the-loop verification
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codewords
layers
antenna ports
Scrambling
Scrambling
Modulation mapper
MIMO
OFDMA
Adaptation of everything
Channel coding
( (i ( d r i ) , d r1) ,..., d r i ) 0 D
r 1
Rate matching
MIMO
OFDMA
er 0 , er1 ,..., er Er 1
Code block concatenation
f 0 , f1 ,..., f G 1
codewords
layers
antenna ports
Scrambling
Adaptation of everything
Scrambling Modulation mapper
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Turbo Decoder
Uses iterative parallel concatenated decoding scheme
Uses two a posteriori probability (APP) decoders An Interleaver and a Deinterleaver
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MATLAB Demo
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MATLAB Demo
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MATLAB Demo
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Channel coding
( (i ( d r i ) , d r1) ,..., d r i ) 0 D
r 1
= comm.CRCEncoder(
Rate matching
er 0 , er1 ,..., er Er 1
Code block concatenation
= comm.TurboEncoder(
f 0 , f1 ,..., f G 1
2. OFDM overview
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Multi-path propagation leads to frequency selective fading Frequency-domain equalization is less complex and perfectly matches OFDM We need to know channel response at each sub-carrier We need pilots
H()
*2 , 2 }
Multi-path
*0 , 0 } *1 , 1 } y(n) =
=0
x( )
Y() = H()X()
Frequency-domain equalization
If G( ) 1 ( )
G( ) Y( ) ( )
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Pilots
Resource block
Resource grid
0.5 1 1.5
2 Time (msec) 21
= 6*numRb + mod(v+vsh, 6) + 1;
Transmitter: Place pilots in regular intervals
X=ifft(tmp,N,1);
= mean([hp(k,2,1,:) hp(k,4,1,:)])
Receiver: Estimate channel by interpolating in time & frequency
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3. MIMO overview
Multiple Input Multiple Output Using multiple transmit and receive antennas
h1,1 h2,1 X
11 H= 21 31 41 12 22 32 42 13 h1,2 14 23 24 33 34 43 44
Y = H*X + n
4G LTE
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Spatial Multiplexing
A MIMO technique used in LTE standard Divide the data stream into several sub-streams and use multiple transmit antennas Orders of magnitude improvement in capacity
If channel fading profiles are independent, channel capacity grows linearly
Y = HX + n
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MIMO-OFDM overview
subcarrier
Y= + 11 21 = 31 41 1 1 = 31 41 12 22 32 42 2 2 32 42 13 23 33 43 3 3 33 43 14 24 34 44 4 4 34 44
subcarrier
X
subcarrier
=
To avoid singularity, pre-code input X Transform it with one of pre-selected V Time
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Switch CodeBookIndex
Case 9, un = [1 j 1 j];
Examples of link adaptations Adaptive modulation (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM) Adaptive coding
Base rate 1/3 Turbo Coding Effective coding rate from (1/13) to (12/13)
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Precoding(*)
OFDM
RI (Rank Indicator)
mobile
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Switch V
Based on number of available layers, fill up transmit antennas that guarantee inversion
case 4 out = complex(zeros(inLen1/2, v)); out(:,1:2) = reshape(in1, 2, inLen1/2).'; out(:,3:4) = reshape(in2, 2, inLen2/2).';
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MIMO
OFDMA
Adaptation of everything
Simulation Acceleration
Users Code
Parallel Computing
MATLAB to C
GPU processing
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Originally for graphics acceleration, now also used for scientific calculations Massively parallel array of integer and floating point processors
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= comm.gpu.TurboDecoder( NumIterations, N,
CPU
8 hours
1.0
1 GPU
40 minutes
12.0
Cluster of 4 GPUs
11 minutes
43.0
Same results
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MathWorks Solutions
DESIGN Simplified algorithm development using trusted functions
Algorithm Development
VERIFICATION
IMPLEMENTATION
C, C++ MCU DSP VHDL, Verilog FPGA ASIC
Co-simulation with major EDA and IDE for verification of Hardware / Software
INTEGRATION
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it
With MATLAB Coder, design engineers can Maintain one design in MATLAB Design faster and get to C/C++ quickly Test more systematically and frequently Spend more time improving algorithms in MATLAB
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HDL Workflow
System Requirements
Executable Specification
Continuous Verification
Model Elaboration
Develop Hardware Friendly Architecture Convert to Fixed-Point
Implement Design
Generate HDL code using HDL Coder Import Custom and Vendor IP
Implement
Code Generation
Verification
Software co-simulation with HDL simulator Hardware co-simulation Verification
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HDL Coder
Generate VHDL and Verilog Code for FPGA and ASIC designs
Automatic floating-point to fixed-point conversion HDL resource optimizations and reports Algorithm-to-HDL traceability Integration with simulation & synthesis tools
HDL Coder
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HDL Verifier
Verify VHDL and Verilog code using cosimulation and FPGAs
New: FPGA Hardware-in-the Loop Verification
MATLAB
Simulink
HDL Verifier
Summary
MATLAB is an ideal language for LTE modeling and simulation Communications System Toolbox extend breadth of MATLAB modeling tools You can accelerate simulation with a variety of options in MATLAB
Parallel computing, GPU processing, MATLAB to C
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