Cross-culture Adaptation Cross-cultural adaptation is a complicated process that the person becomes capable of functioning effectively in the culture

than others to be socialized in. The principle of crosscultural adaptation is one of phenomenon such in multi-dimensional global. In cross-cultural adaptation, people should decide in favour of the former. Based on modern neuroscience, they distinguished a tripartite amalgam that includes cognition, emotion, and motivation. Behaviour and cognition are developed as integrated model. Adaptation in cross-culture is measurable from external point of view by behavioural observation of local cultures members. Cognition is about internal in adaptation measurement of the person. Uncertainty behaviour is more likely the prediction of others behavious and propelling behind those behaviours as well as outcomes of ones behavior as central to adaptation. The emotions are hard to measure. It emphasize that an emotions measurement in human encounters ethical and practical barriers. Cognition and emotion were used in order to establish the usefulness of measurement. It will be measured in 4 aspects; novelty, discretion, self-efficacy, and social networks. Novelty divided into two, cultural distance and workers experience. For cultural distance, the cross-cultural adaptation, novelty has played in important role. The research has indicated that there is negative influence of cultural novelty on adaptation outcomes. But, this relationship is not always consistent. The essence of content and most important from the noveltys aspect in cross-cultural adaptation is the distance between home and host culture. Widely concept of cultural distance comes from Dutch researcher, Geert Hofstede. Hofstede distinguished four dimensions of national culture in relating to culture distance are power distance, individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance. Previous experience relates to novelty is experienced by foreign worker or expatriate. For the first time, expatriate or foreign worker is uninformed about the reaction and ability to live in another country. Depending on length of stay, the expatriate or foreign worker will or wont be able to reach stable in on of foreign location. Few months after perceive to live in one country, the foreign worker will have learned enough about the situation surrounded to cross-culture moves to make movement as he or she can anticipate reactions and feelings. Discretion granted to the person by host circumstance, allows the individual to influence and to offload the burden of adaptation. Discretion divided into two sources; level of tolerance in host

society and socio-economic status in new location. The tolerances level of within society refers to two facets: conformity pressure and host in receptivity of society. Conformity pressure makes circumstance around challenges foreigner or stranger to adopt the normative patterns of host culture and the communication system. Pressure in conformity is the deviation and allowed form culture such as value, norms, and behaviours. It is expressed as lifestyle homogeneity in particular social environment. The host societys receptivity defines as offering foreigner or strangers opportunity to follow on-going social activities. Host environment shows acceptance and openness towards foreigner or stranger. Self-efficacy closely related with conviction of the stranger or foreigner who first time comes to one country to overcome the obstacle that might be happened. A person with high in selfefficacy will never give up when he or she face the adaptation problems. Language skill is one of important aspect related to self-efficacy that is the most relevant but often neglected in crossculture adaptation. Language skill is being the most important personal attribute for successful adjustment. Language skill will determine the personal ability to interact with host citizen and learn from interaction and refining the behaviours. The last is social networks. Stranger or foreigner should establish contact with new neighbours in order to develop social network of acquaintances and makes friend. The social network forms that influence outcome in adaptation directly as well as withdrawal the tendencies. Conceptualization of culture shock is including losing ones back home. Social networks replacement is important in cross-culture adaptation. From social networks, foreigner or stranger is capable to develop relationship with local citizen and it will be adapted than who do not.

Example related to perceive Asians people are not like North American who refused the gift that is given to them by acquaintance relationship. Asians people tend to invoke a reciprocity norm in exchange the gift. They refuse the gift given to avoid or anticipate the feeling of indebtedness that they would experience if they dont reciprocate. Opposite from Asians people, North Americans inclined to think of them independently, it is more likely base their acceptance of the gift without considering responsibility to reciprocate. Miscommunication emerges in this case. It happens because of different values, norms and overt behavior and different culture background.