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Titanium

Classification:
Name: titanium Symbol: Ti Atomic number: 22 Category: metal

Characteristics:
Physical Properties:
Titanium is a hard low density yet very strong metal that has a high melting point of around 1,650C and is a poor conductor of heat as well as electricity.

Chemical properties:
It is extremely resistant to corrosion and reacts very slowly with water and air. It will react readily with oxygen in the air at 1,200C and with pure oxygen at 600C. Its also one of a very limited number of elements that will burn in pure nitrogen gas when it reaches a temperature of 800C which forms titanium nitride.

History:
Titanium was first discovered in 1791 by geologist William Gregor in the town of Cornwall, United Kingdom. He discovered it in some black sand that was attracted to a magnet. Upon further analysis he realized that it contained iron oxide and an unidentifiable white metallic oxide. Later in 1795 it was once again discovered this time by German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth who named it for the powerful deities of the Greek the Titans. The first 99% pure titanium was produce in 1910 by Matthew A. Hunter who heated titanium tetrachloride with sodium at around 700-800C. This was a expensive and slow process and titanium wasnt used

outside the laboratory until 1932 when William Justin Kroll who invented a easier way to purify it using magnesium and at one point with sodium.

Occurrence:
Titanium is always found bonded to other elements. It is found in 784 of the 801 types of igneous rocks as well as their sediments. But is mainly found in brookite, ilmenite, perovskite, rutile, titanite, and most iron ores. It is mainly mined in Australia, South Africa, Canada, Norway, and the Ukraine.

Isotopes:
In its natural form it is composed of 5 stable isotopes: 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti, and 50Ti. Its most common is 48Ti.

Uses and applications:


Its main use is in white pigments for paints, paper, toothpaste, and some plastics. Its other uses include cement, in gemstones, and as an opacifier for paper. Its mill products such as sheets are used in aerospace and recreational markets and in pyrotechnics in its powdered form.

Compounds:
Titanium dihydride Tih2 Titanium difluoride TiF2 Titanium trifluoride Tif3 Titanium tetrafluoride TiF4 Titanium dichloride TiCl2 Titanium trichloride TiF3 Titanium tetrachloride TiCl4 Titanium tribromide TiBr3 Titanium tetrabromide TiBr4 Titanium diiodide TiI2

Titanium triiodide TiI3 Titanium tetraiodide TiI4 Titanium oxide TiO Titanium dioxide TiO2 Dititanium trioxide Ti2O3 Tritanium pentaoxide Ti3o5 Titanium sulphide TiS Titanium disulphide TiS2 Dititanium trisulphide Ti2S3 Titanium nitride TiN Titanium hexacarbonyl Ti(CO)6

Health and Safety Risks:


The only major safety risk associated with titanium is in its powder form it is extremely flammable and when heated in air will cause an explosion.

Biological Effects:
Titanium isnt particularly dangerous the environment because it actually aids plants in the production carbohydrates and is found in most plants.

References:
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium Web Elements: http://www.webelements.com/titanium/ And for compounds: http://www.webelements.com/titanium/compounds.html

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