It ...

+ to-V/V-ing
Itit <>
<><><>it
<><><><><>
It is a bad habit to sit up late at night.

It is no good hoping for other's help.

It is not easy to keep in mind what you have told me.

It is fun eating by stealth without being found.

It is easy to do this.

It is fun to play the guitar.

It is boring to listen to the same story.

It ... that ...

It ... + thatwhetherwhatwhy ... it <
><><><><> <
> thatifwhether
whowhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow
It is often the case that haste makes waste.

It is doubtful whether he can read my fortune or not.

It doesn't matter to me what you do.

It seems uncertain why he lost the election.

It doesn't matter how long we live, but how we live.

It is kind of you to ...

It iskindgoodstupidofto-
<
>kindgoodstupidfoolishcleverwisecruelwrong


It is kind of you to take me to the station.

It is stupid of him to refuse a job as a reporter on that well known newspaper.

It was clever of you to solve the problem.

It was wise of you to refuse his offer.

It is cruel of him to beat his boy like that.

It was wrong of you to do that.

It follows that ...

It followsthat-
follow be necessarilytrueIt doesn't followthat-<
>
It follows that the longer you work, the more tired you will be.

It follows that if you work hard, you will succeed.

Just because he is at the bottom of his class, it does not follows that he has a bad brain.

From this evidence, it follows that he is not the murderer.

Although she is poor, it doesn't follow that she is dishonest.

It occurs to sb. that ...

Itoccur tostrikesbto-that-

it

that-<> that-< to-<>occur to

strike
Did it ever occur to you to be betrayed by your best friend?

It occurred to him that he should go to see a dentist.

Does it ever occur to you to use your sight to see into the inner nature of a friend or
acquaintance?


It never occurred to me to take advantage of him.

It takes (sb.) ... to ...

It takessb.

to-

It <>
It took him three months to be able to run a mile.

It takes half an hour to walk from here to the school.

How long does it take to fly from here to Japan?

It takes ... to ...

It takes

to-

It <>
It takes hard work to achieve success.

It takes patience and hard work to master English writing.

It takes a lot of doing to finish the work.

It costs sb. ... to ...
It costssb.

to-

It <>
It cost him a great deal of money to take the trip.

It cost me 100 dollars to collect the stamps.

How much did it cost you to study abroad?

It is said that ...

It is

saidbelievede
x
pectedthoughtreportedthat-

<>

It is said thatIt isbelieved that

It is e
x
pected that

Itis thought that

It is reported that

It is esti
m
ated that

It is known that

It is generally believed that Confucius preserved the literature of China for later times.

It is believed that health is above wealth.

It is generally believed that it pays to work hard.

It is reported that the car accident took place sometime yesterday.

It is estimated that the damage was over one million dollars.

It is expected that John will be back by ten.

It is said that the boy grew up to be a noted scientist.

It is generally thought that traveling abroad can enrich one's knowledge.

It seems/appears ...
It see
m
sappearsto sb.that-

appear

see
m

It seems to me now that he sighed and that I tittered to hide my embarrassment.

It seems to my grandfather that my father is still a child.

It seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller.

It appears to me that you are all mistaken.

It happens that ...

It happens
/
chances + that-

it <> that <>

It happened that my mother was out that day.

It happened that he had some money. (=He happened to have some money.)

It happened/chanced that I was busy writing a letter when he came.

It is a pity that ...

It is a pitythat-to-

it <>

that <>
It is a pity (that) he lost so much money.

It is a pity that we shall have to leave tomorrow.

It is a pity to give up the job.


It is a pity that you missed the party.

It is just as well that ...

It is
j
ust as wellthat-it <>

that <>
It is just as well that the next day is a holiday when no one has to work.

It is just as well that we did not follow him.

It is just as well that you took another road.

It is one's belief that

It is one's beliefthat-

it <>


that <>
It is his belief that education should not be the privilege of a limited number of people.

It is my belief that good manners are very important to everybody.

It is our belief that every body is equal before the law.

It goes without saying ...

It goes without sayingthat-It
is needless to say that
It goes without saying that a real sportsman will never dream of cheating in a game.

It goes without saying that money can not buy anything.

It goes without saying that home is the warmest place in the world.

How is it possible to ...?

H
ow is it possibleto-that-

it

to-<>that-<. How was it possible to walk for an hour through the

woods and see nothing worthy of note?

?
How was it possible to fall down from the third floor without being hurt?

How is it possible for a boy of ten to fly an airplane?

It is a great relief to
It is a great relief + to- ...

it <>

to-<>

It is a great relief to allow us ourselves the luxury of acknowledging our humanfrailties.

It is a great relief to have rain after a long time of drought.

It is a great relief to see him still as strong as he was.

It is worth while to ...

It is worth whileto-

worth while worthwhile<>

<> It It pays to ...

It is worth while to read the book.

It is worth while to take a trip abroad.

It is worth while to learn English.

It is no use/good ...
It
T
here is no use
/
good

It <><>It is of no use< >

It (There) is no use crying over spilt milk.

It is no use explaining the reason to him.

It is no use crying about the past.

It is no good asking her for a date.

It is no good waiting for other people to make your decision for you.

It is of no use boasting of being rich on a desert island.

It is strange that ...

It is strange that ... should ...

<> that-<>should

It is strange that such a rich man should be so stingy.

It is strange that he should fall in love with such a snobbish girl.

It is strange that we should meet here.

It is natural that ...

It is natural that ... should ...

<> that-<>should
It is natural that such a hardworking student should pass the exam.

It is natural that he should disagree with you.

It is natural that he should fall in love with such a beautiful girl.

I find/think it ... to ...

findthink
m

akeconsiderit

<

>

<><>

fin

<> think
m
akeconsider it <><><>
thatif whetherwhowhatwhenwherehow

<><

><>
We all consider it wrong to cheat in examinations.

Many people find it a dangerous thing to go mountain climbing alone.

Do you think it dangerous to go swimming alone?

I believe it good her taking care of orphans.

I think it important that we keep up with the times.

I want to make it clear that I have no prejudice against you.

His laziness makes it impossible for him to achieve success.

I regard it as my responsibility to offer him help.

I make it a rule to take a short walk after lunch.

I take it for granted ...

take it for grantedthat

it <

>that

He took it for granted she would always be so.

I take it for granted that he will succeed.

It is taken for granted that everyone is equal before the law.

What is this?

W
hatbe thisthat

T
histhatbe a bookpen

what

be <>

<>

What is this? This is a chair.

What's this? It's a book.

What is that? That is a desk.

What are these?

W
hat arethesethose

T
hese
T
hose are

ses<>

<>

is

<>are

<>
What are these? These are books.

What are those? Those are cups.

What are they? They are glasses.

What are you?

W
hatbe

be a student

what

be <>

<

>

Ia
m
we areyou arehe is
What are you? I am a student.

What is she? She is a teacher.

Are you a ...?


B
e a
m
areis

Y
esa
m
areis

N
oa
m
areisnot<

><>

a
m
isare

<

>

Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn't.)

Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I'm not.)

Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn't.)

What is your name?

W
hatis

na
m
e
?

na
m
eis


m
yyourhisher

<

><

><><

><><

>

aanthisthatthese those

What is your name? My name is Sue.

What is his name? His name is John.

What is her name? Her name is Jean.

Who is that ...?

Whobe thatThat is
Who <>
<><>
Who is that short boy? That is Bill.

Who is that tall girl? That is Mary.

Who is that fat man? He is my uncle.

Where is ...?

W
herebe a
m
areis

be in the
W
here ...
?

<

>In
O
n the<>
Where is Sue? She is in her room.

Where are your books? On the desk.

Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen.

Are you V-ing ...?

A
m

A
reIs

<>

<>

be <>

Is Mary sleeping?

Are you reading a book?

Is the dog playing?

What are you doing?

W
hata
m
areis

a
m
areis

H
ow
m
uch

<

>

<

>
m
ucha littleso
m
elittleanyno

How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn't have any tea.)

How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. (They don't
havemuch homework.)

How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don't have a lot of fruit.)

How much do(es) ... cost?


H
ow
m
uch does

cost

how
m
uch

H
ow
m
uch be <>

"

How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)


How much do the vegetables cost?

How much do the movie tickets cost?

Did ... V ...

Did
Did<> Did <
> Did he clean the room yesterday?

Did she wash the skirt yesterday?

Did your brother play in the park this morning?

Did he eat lunch yesterday?

Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week?

Did Sue have her breakfast at eight?

Do you ever + V ...?
DoDoeseverNonever
s esever <>never
never <>< >
4
Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer.

Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.
Does Sally ever play the piano? No,
Sally never plays the piano.
Never be late for school, Bill.
What year was he born in?

What dateyearwaswerebornonin
born <> bear
<> <> was were
waswere born

What year were you born in?

What date was your mother born on?

What month was your sister born in?

What will you do on ...?

What willdiddoon

<> on
What will you do on Teacher's Day?

What will they do on Christmas Eve?

What will Helen do on her birthday?

What did John do on New Year's Day?

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