1

One-Sample t -test (Type 1)

1. What is the use of t-test?

(DR SEE KIN HAI)

To determine if there is a significant difference between the means of 2 sets of data.

2. How many types of t-tests are commonly used in your research analysis? 3 types. 1. one-sample t test or 2-sample t-test 2. independent-sample t -test 3. paired-sample t test (or repeated measures sample t-test)

3. What is the use of one-sample t-test? To determine if the sample you have chosen is drawn from a hypothetical population. But before you use your t-test, your data must fulfill the assumptions below. Assumptions 1. Data is interval or ratio scale. (4 types of scales: Interval scale = score of 40, 20o C , Ratio scale = height of 3m, weight of 4.2 Kg, Nominal scale = 1 for female 2 for male, Ordinal scale = ranking in a beauty contest, etc) 2. Data is randomly drawn from a population. 3. Data is normally distributed in a population. 4. Which type of t-tests are you going to use for the following cases? (a). Last semester a test was given to a group of Year 11 students taking Mathematics and the mean was 45.6 After 1 week the same test was given to a group of randomly selected 20 students from the same Year 11 students attending your class. You want to find out if there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the 2 tests. (Use 1-sample t-test) (b). You want to determine if there has been an improvement in the score after attending your lesson. (Use repeated measures t-test) (c). Does mathematics scores before and after attending your lesson differ amongst the boys and girls? (Use independent groups t-test)

2 Practice 1 (Type 1 : One-Sample t - test) You have given a test to a group of Lower Six students and you have obtained the mean score of 60 for this group (population). After 2 weeks you administered the same test to a group of randomly selected 20 students from the same population. You wanted to determine if there is a significant difference between the mean score of the two tests. Student Scores Student Scores 1 55 11 40 2 54 12 45 3 50 13 70 4 65 14 45 5 65 15 65 6 45 16 50 7 40 17 65 8 65 18 65 9 50 19 55 10 60 20 40 1. Enter the data with Student and Score as shown below.

2. Select [Analyze] [Compare Means] then [One-Sample t test] to open the dialogue box. 3. Select the variable you wanted to compare [Markah/Score] click [ ] to move to [Test Variables] box and the population mean of [60] you wish to compare into [Test Value] box then [OK].

4. Look at the results below.

As you have set your p < 0.05 level for 2-tailed test, obtained equals 0.022 which is < 0.025.

p < 0.05/2 = 0.025 the probability value you

Conclusion: The population mean of 60 is significantly different from the sample mean of 54.45. COURSEWORK (One-Sample t-test) A Geography test was administered to 22 students before teaching the class (Pretest) and then again after the course was completed (Posttest). The student gender was recorded as 1 = male, 2= female. Last year the same 22 students were given the same test with a mean of 10.5. Are this years students (or any significant different with last years mean score) better at the end of the course (Posttest) than the previous year?

4 Hint: Test variable = Posttest Test value = 10.5 p < 0.05 (1-tail test) 1-tailed test

and

p < 0.025 (2-tail test)

OR

2-tailed test

1=Male 2=Female