Sadfsdfsdf: Sabarmati Riverfront Project

Sabarmati Riverfront Project
Sabarmati Riverfront Project.
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Group Members: 1. Jaley Dholakiya 2. Priyank Kapadia 3. Varun Vyas 4. Gaurav Arora 5. Ankit Patel 6. Ranveer Raghuvanshi.
EVS Group Report
2010
This document is genuine effort of our research towards understanding of Sabarmati riverfront project including its pros and cons on both ecosystem and environment of ahmedabed from a view point of a neutral unbiased prospective. Ranging from very historic concepts of riverfront to present day actual implementation, everything has been articulated as truthfully as possible.
Environmental Science Report
Acknowledgement
Many times in life we feel the limitation of the words and languages itself to express the feelings that we have and while writing this acknowledgment I have faced this limitation. Then also in spirit of gratitude I would like to pen down our heartfelt veneration for the Prof. Shiv Vishwanathan for giving a chance
to do investigative project on such important issue of Sabarmati riverfront. We also feel grateful to him for the support and recommendation letter he gave (a great assist to us in terms of taking appointment from important persons related to sabarmati riverfront project, whose name will follow). Initial encouragement and motivation are always major factors necessary for the success of any project and so we feel lucky to met the humble kind hearted initial designer and promoter of the Sabarmati riverfront project Mr. Sheikh Sir. We are thankful to Mahesh Langa for providing us and guiding us on the project. We are very much thankful to Mr. Bimal Patel for giving his valuable time to us. And also for providing us the right kind of information about the Sabarmati Riverfront Project through HCP staff. Here we feel obliged to say thanks to Mr. Anand as well as Ms. Riddhi for bearing us for one and half long hour intense session where all our queries about the project were answered positively. We feel much obliged to thank SRFDCL employees Mr. Palkeshbhai Parekh and Mr. Vinod Thakkar who had been patient enough to listen to us and providing their valuable technical inputs to the project. We had a great learning experience while researching on this topic. And as we gradually progressed we feel indebted to the T.A. Hari ,Samir and Harshita for giving us the right direction on the selection of the topic as well as for supporting us.
Index
Topic
1) 2) Introduction Premature state of Ideas for development of Sabarmati riverfront Information pertaining to the city basin Facts about Sabarmati river: Data related to SRFDCL Project Displacement Issues Sabarmati Riverfront Project Interview with concerned people Analysis of Project NIH and IIT roorkee report Details Possible Positive Impacts Our observation on the issue Conclusion
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3) 4) 5) 6) 7)
8) 9) 10) 11) 12)
Introduction
Mr. Bernard Kohn A French architect residing in Ahmadabad during the early 60s, visualized the development of the Sabarmati Riverfront with a mix of commercial, recreational and residential developments along both the banks of the river from Gandhi Bridge to Sardar Bridge. The proposal called for reclamation of about 30 ha of land, of which a part was to be sold or leased for commercial development. The proposal showed that the entire development could be selffinancing.
-Sabarmati RiverfrontL9 official website http://www.sabarmatiriverfr ont.com/proposals.html
Ancient societies which arose in Mesopotamia and Egypt in

the Middle East, in the Indus Valley region of Pakistan and India, in the Huang He (Yellow River) valley of China, on the island of Crete in the Aegean Sea, and in Central America had one thing in common. What can be that thing in common? Answer to the question is the river which nurtured the mankind with water and fertile soil. Rivers have been the central to all kinds of town planning from historic times. India had a tradition of heterogeneous town planning paradigms long before it became influenced by todays global models. Registered city designs at the time of British colonization , the setting of internationalization that followed independence, and modern and post-modern urban projects have all left different images. At first glance the majority of Indian cities show a fascinating variety of urban patterns distinguished by a multitude of fragments dating from those various times. The majority of planning projects today however are popular real estate developments with up market service complexes, selfcontained apartment complexes, gated residential enclaves, information technology parks, malls and multiplexes. It is only very recently that discussions regarding sustainability, public infrastructure and public space have been opened. It is also very recently that these discussions have been re-embraced by the planning profession. Le Corbusier once quipped to the writer and Philosopher Mulk Raj Anand during a meeting in Paris, "always late, in the true tradition of

India.India was indeed late in reforming its urban planning systems to overcome its massive lack of infrastructure, dearth of open space, huge housing demand. Todays situation provides a stark contrast to tradition seen never before in Indias history have cities transformed themselves in such a dynamic, fast and irreversible Way. These transformations are a result of far reaching economic policy changes towards a free market economy (1991) and the launch of a massive city modernization scheme called the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM).While the decades after independence were characterized by policies supporting rural development, the focus is now shifting to urban areas. This has had immense effects on the economic and geographic structure of India and has activated a process of wholesale redevelopment of the urban fabric of Indian cities. Waterfronts, as the last large urban public spaces, are in the spotlight of this trend and provide cities with significant new development opportunities. The Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project (SRDF) in Ahmadabad is a first and unique example of a comprehensive transformation. As the seventh largest metropolitan region in India and the financial and cultural capital of the state of Gujarat, the city of Ahmadabad is a core area of economic development. The Sabarmati River, which runs through Ahmedabad, originates in the Arravalli mountain ranges and pours into the Gulf of Cambay in the Arabian Sea . The river flows from north to south, splitting the city into two very different halves, the old medieval walled city on the east and the new city to the west. The original size of the natural riverbed was between 330 meters and 680 meters wide. South of the inner city the Vasna Barrage dam controls the rivers water level and also serves agricultural irrigation canals. The Sabarmati is a seasonal river, unlike rivers in Europe. Hence this landscape is characterized by two extreme intervals, the temporarily full, flooded riverbed during the monsoon (1.5 months of the year) and a small stream in a dried-up sandy riverbed during the summer, where in earlier times there existed a temporary open space for the public. In the last few decades, as a consequence of fast urbanization, large areas of the floodplain began to be occupied by numerous squatters with very poor living conditions and always threatened by the risk of flooding. The existing river continuum was already disrupted by existing barriers, and former water quality was poor due to increasing pollution (the river was illegally used for sewage disposal). Since long time the Sabarmati River has been subjected to severe pressure and abuse owing to the fast pace of urban and industrial growth of the city. The Sabarmati is a major source of water for the city due to the regular release of water from the Dharoi Dam and subsequently from Narmada Canal at upstream, however, for years, the riverfront remained neglected and characterized by unimaginative and unplanned development. It's potential to provide city level social infrastructure and recreation facilities was untapped. In consequence

the former ecological function had been limited and the spatial significance of the riverfront had disappeared from the publics awareness.
Premature state of Ideas for development of Sabarmati riverfront

Proposal for Integrated Planning and Development of the Sabarmati Riverfront by Mr. Bernard Kohn (1961). Mr. Bernard Kohn, a French architect residing in Ahmedabad during the early 60s, visualized the development of the Sabarmati Riverfront with a mix of commercial, recreational and residential developments along both the banks of the river from Gandhi Bridge to Sardar Bridge. The proposal called for reclamation of about 30 ha of land, of which a part was to be sold or leased for commercial development. The proposal showed that the entire development could be self-financing. Technical Studies Commissioned by the Government of Gujarat. Technical Feasibility Study by CWPRS, Khadakvasla (1966) Hydraulic studies using physical models were conducted to simulate water flows in the river. The CWPRS study concluded that the Kohn Proposal was technically feasible. Contour Survey The Sabarmati Barrage Division around the same time as the CWPRS Study carried out a detailed contour survey of the river. the River Front Development Group Proposal - RFDG (1976). This proposal was prepared by a group of local professional firms: Ahmedabad Study Action Group; Design Associates, Architects; M/s Hasmukh C. Patel; Architects, M/s K. B. Mehta, Builders and Engineers; Vakil-Mehta-Sheth, Consulting Engineers and Virat Thakore, Urban Designer. It was conceptually similar to the Kohn Proposal but suggested an incremental approach to reduce the need for initial capital outlay. National River Conservation Plan -NRCP (1992). In 1992, Sabarmati River was included in the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP). The main thrust of the Sabarmati River Cleaning Project (SRCP) under NRCP Project is to stop sewage from entering the river through the storm water drainage system. More specifically it proposes: interception and diversion works; the construction of trunk sewers and pumping stations in the periphery of the city; the desilting of storm water drains; the up-gradation of existing sewage treatment plants and; the provision of sanitation infrastructure in river bank slums. Sabarmati River Front Development - Feasibility Report, The CEPT Proposal envisages the riverfront from Subhash Bridge to Vasna Barrage as a set of publicly accessible open spaces and recreational areas connected by walkways and promenades. It envisages the reclamation of 30 ha proposed by the Kohn Proposal CEPT (1997).

and in addition to that the reclamation of a strip of 20 meters along the west bank and 10 meters along the east bank. The proposal presumes the completion of the ongoing NRCP project to tackle the problem of sewage entering the river. The proposal suggests the formation of detailed urban design guidelines for each zone. It suggests that the entire riverfront development construction on Gujarats ambitious Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project in Ahmedabad, restarted in the second week of March, 2007. The project had been stalled since August 2006, when heavy floods inundated the city. Following this, the National Institute of Hydrology (nih) and Indian Institute of Technology (iit), Roorkee, were asked to re-evaluate the project design, in the light of the rivers carrying capacity, and see whether the execution of the project would damage the rivers ecology. The team submitted its report early March, suggesting two measures: a gauge to determine flood levels where the Narmadas main canal crosses the Sabarmati; and dredging upstream of the Vasna barrage, implying a problem with the rivers carrying capacity. The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (amc) set up the Sabarmati Riverfront Development Corporation Ltd (srfdcl) in May 1997, to revivify the city centre by reconnecting it to the river, says DK Mahajan, executive director, srfdcl. That August, amc appointed the Environment Planning Collaborative (epc), an Ahmedabad-based urban planning consultancy firm, to prepare a plan. In the first phase, epc identified a 9-km stretch of the riverfront extending from Subhash bridge to Vasna barrage and proposed to reclaim 162 hectares (ha) of the riverbed (see map: Disputed stretch). srfdcl planned to sell or lease out a part of it to finance the project. In 2003, it extended the project to cover a 20-km stretchfrom the Narmada main canal to Vasna barrage. But in 2005, this was put on hold and phase i was extended 1.5 km beyond Sub hash bridge to accommodate the Kotarpur waterworks and Duffnala stormwater outfall. As of now, srfdcl is developing 190 ha, says Bimal Patel, an architect-planner of the project. This constant change in the plan has escalated the project cost from Rs 361 crore in 1997 to an estimated Rs 1,100 crore today. An issue that remains unknown is how SRFDCL plans to service its debts.
Ideas for the development of the Sabarmati River began decades ago. The first known proposal was made in 1961 by the French architect Bernard Kohn. A second proposal was created in 1976 by River Front Development Group-a group of local professionals firms led by the architects Hasmukh Patel, Rasu Vaki and others. In 1992 the river was included in the National River Conservation Plan(NRCP),designed to reduce inputs of solid waste and waste water .The NRCP led directly to the formation ,in 1997,of the Sabarmati Riverfront Development corporation limited (SRFDCL),which commissioned the urban planning firm EPC to prepare a comprehensive feasibility study and to provide development management services. Since 2002, another firm, HCP Design and Project Management, Pvt., Ltd., has been responsible for the projects architectural, urban and structural design. Following the citys tradition of visionary projects, the Sabarmati Riverfront Development is to be seen as a first of its kind urban renewal project in India. It has already and will continue to significantly affect the spatial structure and habitat conditions of the river and

adjoining areas. The risks of these transformations were carefully evaluated by Indian and international experts, including analysis of ecological function, water quality, river continuum, and open spaces. In addition, the concepts of the compact city and livable city were considered. In contrast to most Indian cities, which provide space for business and new housing at their peripheries, Ahmedabad starts to solve this in its center: a new planning approach focusing on the inner-city as a means of reducing further uncontrolled sprawl. The projects basic design idea is to convert the urban river landscape into a new part of the city by reclaiming land. The width of the new waterway will measure approximately 275 meters, much narrower than before. Although the rivers banks soft , seasonal varying edges have been transformed into a hard linear edge , the overall future impression will be more like that of an artificial lake , drastically transforming Ahmedabad s historic riverfront . According to the SRFDCL, 28 percent of the new land will be consumed by road development, 26 percent by gardens and 22 percent will be sold. The remainder will be occupied by new retaining walls; storm waterfalls, Ghats and jetties; new infrastructure; extensive housing development; utility buildings and structures; and a green space network and recreational spaces which the city still lacks today. The goals of the water management innovations are to eliminate the danger of floods (heavy asymmetrical flooding periods are one phenomenon of the unique climate and geographical condition of the city of Ahmedabad) and to establish a new sewage system. The city plans to take a huge step in the improvement of Its sewage facilities and drinking water supply. In addition, the project may affect the local climate And groundwater level in a positive way. Relocation of the slum dwellers currently living in the riverbed is also planned. As a result of a socio-economic survey of the riverfront slums (in cooperation with the International Institute of Social Entrepreneurship and Management) the development scheme will provide new housing and space for markets on newly reclaimed land. The Sabarmati Riverfront Development is a social and commercial project and is to be part- 1y funded by selling the "core land" to develop new waterfront development might affect the future water supply of the households and industry of Ahmedabad itself. There are also potential social risks during the process of relocation, such as losses of social networks, jobs (because of longer distances 10 the workplace) and temporary land uses like farming. Bearing Indian planning conditions in mind - the general lack of maps, poor sewage infrastructure , and ownership conflicts, to name a few - the realization of this project is an incredible task. Without the fundamental research, analysis and basic drawing work conducted by EPC! IICP, and the Support of SRFDCL, this project would still be in the drawer. The Sabarmati Riverfront Development itself Is part of a dcbi.lte about further development of the urban landscape in India - a discussion that considers the perceptual conflict a business district area between the Nehru and between "Real Estate" and "Slum Cit y?" The ac- A key element of the project is a new public two-level Gandhi

Bridges. The city, however, will convictive role of the municipal admin its ration in promenade. The lower level will be just above water level, to own most of the reclaimed land, provideAhmedabad is unique. Though mostly reduced serve only pedestrians, and provide access to the water.ing public open space for citizens. A key element of the project is a new linear twolevel promenade. The lower level, with a width often meters, will be just above water level, serve only pedestrians, and provide access to the water. The upper level will also have a dedicated pedestrian pathway, and host a variety of public buildings, cultural institutions, public parks and plazas and a few areas for private development, while new traffic infrastructure wilt connect the riverfront to the cit y. It is interesting to note that this project, in addition to facing functional implementation challenges, has reopened a fundamental professional debate about the need for open public and cultural spaces. While current local discourse focuses on design details of the promenade and the reclaimed land area, other discussions have already acknowledged the risk of regional conflicts concerning possible threats to the water supply. The, water demands of the in the 1990s to a provider of infrastructure, the public sector in Ahmedabad is now take in tin active role in influencing development. This misleading to more participation by stakeholders, Rather than the often top-down process of pure private real estate investment. In conclusion, the Sabarmati Riverfront Development will prove in the long term if the projected positive change of the urban river landscape is attainable. The balance (or even the imbalance) of public spaces and real estate development areas and the aesthetics of the built structures will testify whether the idea of the river-city fabric - a new artificial landscape - succeeded. Whatever the outcome, the project is a leftmost in the context of river and water front redevelopment projects now popping up in Indian cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta and Lucknow. Ahmedabad is breaking new ground, both literally and figuratively, in the redevelopment of Indian cities.
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Information pertaining to the city basin

An Integrated Water Assessment Model for Future Scenario Studies of Sabarmati River Basin in India - A.D. Mohile , L.N. Gupta & R. Kuberan M. Gopalakrishnan Report
Basin is actually the land area that is drained by a river and its tributaries. The river Sabarmati and its tributaries are all rain-fed. The rainfall being fairly low in the basin, its water wealth potential is one of the two lowest in India. The lower part of the basin has become a haven for industries and GIDC has encouraged a new gene of small and medium industries many of them being engineering and chemical units generating significant water pollution. The textile industry continues to dominate the industrial scene in Ahmedabad. In the recent times about 100 km long 30 km wide Gandhinagar-Vadodara belt is a prosperous and fast developing urban industrial area. Why was it done? First we need to know why the information and analysis pertaining to the basin in necessary. The reason being that flow of the Sabarmati river is getting affected by the shrinking of the width of river. The basic conclusion that we drive by studying the river basin was that we need some or other mechanism to sustain the water in the Riverfront during the summer and the late winter seasons. Fortunately the Narmada canal crosses the river (which was earlier siphoned).This made an easy availability of the water for the project. What was done? A broad-based hydrological model was developed to simulate the impact of land and water use on water resources in the Sabarmati River Basin of India to provide a tool for understanding the effects of future development and management actions and, through these results, to obtain an insight into desirable policy changes. The model deals with the entire land phase of the hydrological cycle, from precipitation to evaporate-transpiration and outflow to sea, including withdrawals and returns. The model was calibrated using present conditions of river flow and ground water recharge, and applied to derive responses to past (1960) conditions (used as reference year), and to analyze future(2025) scenarios. The results showed that non-beneficial evaporate-transpiration exceeds the annual river flow. Therefore, reduction of non-beneficial evaporate-transpiration is a potential strategy for improved water management. Import of water from the adjacent Narmada River Basin is necessary to sustain the present withdrawals and to meet future needs; including improving low flows in order to enhance the

environmental state. Present groundwater use is unsustainable. While the situation would improve slightly in the future due to large additional Narmada imports, the composition of return flow indicates much higher risk of ground water pollution.
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Facts about Sabarmati river:-L.0

Brief Description of the Basin

The Sabarmati basin extends over an area of 2l,674 km2 Area lies between east longitudes of 72 15' to 73 49' and north latitudes of 22 15' to 24 53'.
It is bounded on the north and north-east by the Aravalli hills, on the east by the ridge separating it from the Mahi basin, on the south by the Gulf of Cambay and on the west by the ridge, separating it from the basins of minor streams draining into Rann of Kutch and the Gulf of Cambay.
The basin lies in the States of Gujarat and Rajasthan. The important soil types found in the basin are black, alluvial and sandy soils.
The cultivable area of the basin is about 1.55 M-ha
Drainage Area of Name of State the Basin
Drainage area (in Km2)
Gujarat 17,550 Rajasthan Topography 4,124
The topography of the Sabarmati basin is hilly in the early reaches up to Dario after which the river flows mostly in plains.
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Water Potential of the Basin Surface Water potential 3.81 Km3
Ground Water potential Hydropower Potential The studies carried out by the Govt. of Gujarat reveal the possibilities for power generation to the extent of 2,899 KW at 60 % load factor. Drinking purposes Irrigation purposes Ground Water Utilization Drinking purposes Irrigation purposes Tributaries with Name of the Tributary Drainage Area in sq. km. Sei River Wakal River Harnav River Hathmati River Watrak River Major Projects 1,893 sq. Km 865 sq. Km 1,574 sq. Km 1,114 sq. Km Drainage area (Km2) 331.66 sq. km
Water Utilization Surface Water Utilization
The Sei Dam, The Harnav Dam, The Harnav Weir, The Dharoi Dam, Hathmati Dam, Guhai Dam, Hathmati Weir, Watrak Project and Kalpsaar Project
Water Quality of Almost all the places, the observed quality was much below the desired Sabarmati Basin quality. In particular, at Ahmedabad, the observed quality was in the E class and the river is more or less like a drain. The flow is very small during the summer months. Class ESabarmati River is notorious for being almost depleted of dissolved oxygen during summer or pre-monsoon months.
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However, the situation has improved after the Class E Narmada canal has started supplying water to some places in the basin due to dilution effect. It is also a matter of concern that at some places, the quality of river water is below E class. Problems in The Sabarmati River sends down very heavy floods and some of these have Water Resources caused devastation in Ahmedabad and villages lower down, destroyed crops, Development carried away cattle, changed the course of the delta channels and filled up harbour with silt. The highest known floods have occurred in 1875, 1941, 1950 and 1973.
Data related to SRFDCL Project:-L.1

In 1997, the Sabarmati Riverfront Development Corporation Ltd (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation) commissioned EPC to prepare a comprehensive feasibility study to develop a 9 km stretch of the citys riverfront. EPC provided development management services to SRFDCL until 2002. During this period its mandate was to direct and monitor all the preparatory work. Since then HCPDPM has been responsible for the projects architectural, urban and structural design. The riverfront project is a comprehensive environmental improvement project which involves river training, constructing retaining walls, providing storm water outfalls, ghats and jetties, reclaiming 162 hectares of land, providing interceptor sewers, creating parks and gardens, designing new streets & promenades with better street lighting, providing housing for economically weaker sections and informal markets and constructing utility buildings & structures. Land Utility (proposed) 1. 26% of the land will be used for garden, adding to scenic beauty of the city. People of Ahmedabad have always felt deprived of huge public gardens where children could play and also where social recreation activities could take place. This will add to the charisma to the growing and booming city. So that people of the city could link to the nature. 2. 6% of land is used for promenade (walking space) . 3. 20% of land is to be used for the commercial and residential plots (from which most cost of the project will be recovered). 4. Rest of the space will be used for the construction of roads (20 Km along the riverfront) and for construction of two new market place along the bank of river.
The materials used in the projects are in the given amount: i) 3, 88, 00,000 kg of steel is to be used. The amount increased because of anchor construction too
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ii) iii) project. iv) Decided width of the river after the trimming is 275 meters. 36, 20,000 bags of cement are used for the project. 111 laky cubic meters of soil is used in the structuring of the
The data totally gives us the magnitude at which the work is being done in the Sabarmati Riverfront Project.
STRECH 1 2 3 4 5&6 7 8 9&10
LOCATION Gandhi Bridge to Ellis Bridge (West) Sub hash Bridge to Gandhi Bridge (West) Dudheshwar to Gandhi Bridge (East) Gandhi Bridge to Ellis Bridge (East) Ellis Bridge to Sardar Bridge (E & W) Sardar Bridge to Vasna Barrage (West) Sardar Bridge to Vasna Barrage (East) U/s of Subhash Bridge (East & West)
STATUS @ completion @ completion @ completion @ completion @ completion Started Started in progress
DIAPHRAGM WALL & ANCHOR SLAB

Stretch 1:- Gandhi Bridge to Ellis Bridge (West) Agency: ITD Cementation India Limited Project Cost: Rs. 22.95 cores Start Date: 07/02/2005
Description Earth filling Diaphragm wall Anchor Slab
Unit CMT RMT RMT
Quantity 665000 2065 1797
% work done 88.88 100.00 100.00
Stretch 2 Subhash Bridge to Gandhi Bridge (West) Agency : ITD Cementation India Limited Project Cost: Rs. 25 crores Start Date: 07/02/2005
Description Earth filling
Unit CMT
Quantity 280000
% work done 97.12

Diaphragm wall Anchor Slab RMT RMT 3029 2648 100.00 100.00
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Stretch 3 Dudheshwar to Gandhi Bridge (East) Agency : Gammon India Limited Project Cost: Rs. 20.16 crores Start Date: 07/04/2005
Unit CMT RMT RMT
Quantity 200000 2176 1968
% work done 89.92 100.00 100.00
Stretch 4 Gandhi Bridge to Ellis Bridge (East) Agency : Gammon India Limited Project Cost: Rs. 20.60 crores Start Date: 07/04/2005
Unit CMT RMT RMT
Quantity 200000 1974 1724
% work done 80.20 100.00 100.00
Stretch 5 & 6 Ellis Bridge to Sardar Bridge (East & West) Agency : ITD Cementation India Limited Project Cost: Rs. 33.18 crores Start Date: 07/02/2006
Unit CMT RMT RMT
Quantity 947000 2525 2248
% work done 86.45 100.00 97.60
Stretch 7 - Sardar Bridge to Vasna Barrage (West) Agency : ITD Cementation India Limited Project Cost: Rs. 45.06 crores Start Date: 28/05/2007
Unit CMT RMT RMT
Quantity 495362 3000 3000
% work done 57.63 23.20 0.00
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Stretch 8 Sardar Bridge to Vasna Barrage (East)
Agency : ITD Cementation India Limited Project Cost: Rs. 42.27 crores Start Date: 28/05/2007
Unit CMT RMT RMT
Quantity 424352 3000 3000
% work done 28.85 3.20 0.00
Stretch 9&10 RAILWAY BRIDGE TO ELLIS BRIDGE (EAST) Agency : Ramky Infrastructure Limited Project Cost: Rs. 8.22 crores Start Date: 15/04/2006
Description
Laying of
Unit RMT
Quantity 6100
% work done 40.98
Pipeline
ELLIS BRIDGE TO SARDAR BRIDGE (EAST & WEST) Agency : Alcock Cement Pipes & Concrete Works Project Cost: Rs. 6.08 crores Start Date: 01/03/2007
Description
Laying of
Unit RMT
Quantity 2530
% work done 37.15
Pipeline
SabarmatiDisplaced from Sabarmati Riverfront Project 17 Displacement Issues

There was a survey amongst the slum was conducted by HCP using peg mark system where surprisingly there was a greater positive response on the condition that they will be allotted new homes. In fact they also brought their relatives in their home in order to get permanent home. The slum population consists of 25.77% of total population (The number of households residing in a slum was found out
through a survey conducted by SEWA and SAATH. The total slum population has been calculated considering a family size of 5. As per Census figures of 2001, a population of 439843 resides in slums. This figure has not been considered as it includes only those slums which have clusters of more than 60 houses) bank, artisans find no takers for trade Baburam Patel, another displaced person said: Piplag, where we have been relocated, is surrounded by chemical factories, industries and landfill sites. The industrial area leaves no scope of selling traditional goods. Women, who make goods here and sell outside, waste most of their money in travelling, and hence most of them have given up their trade. The evacuees shifted to Piplag, over a period of two years, are still struggling to cope with their new occupation. Most women are now into casual labor, while the men folk pull carts. Other women travel at least 5 to 10 kilometers to get a decent housekeeping job. Women who tried to continue making kites and broomsticks at Piplag found no takers, and soon gave up. Meanwhile, nearly 35,000 families at the riverbank, including the Gujari traders, are under the threat of evacuation. The Executive Director of Sabarmati River Front Development Company Ltd refused to comment on the displacement issue, when The Indian Express contacted him.
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Gujari marketL.2
The Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project (SRDP) could ring the death knell for the 15th-century-old Khass Bazar of Ahmedabad, popularly known as the Ravivari or the Gujari (Sunday flea market), according to a report presented at a seminar in IIM-A. IIM-A Prof Naveep Mathur, one of the co-authors of the report, said: Around one-two lakh people depend on Ravivari for their livelihood. So, the issue is not just about the Gujari traders being affected, but about everyone else who depends on the market, directly or indirectly. The ongoing construction work for SRDP has reduced the space for the market by 35 per cent, and a situation might soon arise when the market might get displaced. According to the report, co-authored by IIM-A Prof Ghanshyam Shah and Arpita Joshi, there are 1,200 traders registered as members of the Gujari Association. Several hundred others are non-members but still trade along with the Gujari traders. Besides, there are 7,000 to 10,000 other traders who indirectly get business due to Gujari. Another 400 non-dependent women also trade in the market. More than 20,000 people are dependent in the chain between making, transporting, and the sale of goods in the market.
http://www.indianexpress.com/n ews/displaced-from-sabarmatibank-artisans-find-no-takersfor-trade/560251/2
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Many migrant artisans and daily wagers also depend on Gujari for their livelihood. Prof Mathur added: The reducing space will destroy the generation-long business of traders. Around 23 per cent of the traders are second or third generation. Around 51.6 per cent of the people surveyed were involved in selling/making/collecting/mending those very products they sell in the Sunday market. The market has been a source of livelihood for the LIG traders, artisans, and women.
Sabarmati Riverfront Project Interview with concerned people
Meeting with a Ground work Engineer on the SRF

site.
Place of meeting with engineernear subhash bridge (Ahmedabad) Motive of our discussion to know as much as possible about the actual work under taken
Information gained about the problem they faced during the construction are:1. People living in nearby slum. They do not want to leave there places even though they have been allocated new place that are legally there. 2. Many thief activities going on the site of construction. Stolen objects include everything from a simple iron bar to metal plate used for construction. There is no special police security provided for the material used or labor working there. 3. Local people dump their house hold waste on the site or near their by it, which adversely affect the total progress of the construction. To add to the list of problem, site manager could not even do anything about it as they are made to compromise from their pressure. 4. During the monsoon the work need to be put to hold which in turn lead to delay, increased cost and other legal issues every now and then. For instance in year 2006

due to the over flow every object of construction was washed away and they had to start from the basic construction all the way again which was frustration for engineer due to both economic and timing constrain. 5. Work on the river front has to be in synchronization with other projects like dharoi dam. They have to release the water as and when in need (as said we cannot store water for more than a month as it become stagnate and stink).
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Things that were of major consideration and were kept in mind during construction:1. As the sand that is used to build the river front is taken from the river bed and as a result average depth of river is increasing. So field engineer where informed by the designer to make the diaphragm of the front at least 9 meter depth so that in year to come nothing devastating happen if more water happens to come during the monsoon or anything like that. This objective was taken into consideration so that strength and longevity of the river front could be increased considerably. 2. Nearly 10 to 11 sand digging machines work all day long for the taking the sand out of the river which is used for building the bases of the front. Initially there was doubt in our mind about the sand quality, as it seems on first view that sand is sedimentary and lacks the strength that is needed in the construction of the front. As a result, if due to some natural calamity quantity of water is increased in river and front is tested to its limit, it may break and wash the front completely. But site engineer said that the strength needed for the project is provided by the sand used and there is nothing to worry about the construction material used as security and longevity of the river front is of prime importance. 3. One more point that was brought to our notice is that water will be completely refilled after the construction of the basic ground river front is completed as water is starting to stink a lot. This new water will be brought from the dahroi dam. Water will be stagnant in the area near the city after completion of the project and it will be more like the lake (i.e. a long and stretched lake). Water need to be cleaned after a due time period so that quality of the lake and its beauty is maintained.
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Talk to Mr. Sheikh Counselor in HCPDPM Q. Is this the first time in India that a project of riverfront has been implemented on such large scale? Ans. This is not for the first time that the riverfronts have been designed in India. We have Banaras Ghats which have been strategically located on the bank of Ganga River. These structures are historic in nature and of religious importance. It was first time designed by Mr. Bernard Kohn, a French architect who was born and brought up in France and studied in United States of America. He was quite influenced by Seine Riverfront development. The idea of riverfront is not something that no one had thought of. It is just that an experienced guy like Kuhn gave a direction to this thought. While talking about the Sabarmati at that time, I still remember that it used to have a lot of water and having an extremely insignificant amount of pollution. Later due to the construction of Dharoi Dam the amount of the water in the Sabarmati River became very less. It actually had a major blow to this project. Rapid growth of the city led to booming industrial sector and therefore chemical as well as sewage waste was dumped in water. This made Sabarmati more and more seasonal in sense that it started looking more of a sewage drain than a river at some point of time. So therefore the implementation had been on a halt. Q. Can you explain us about the IIT-Roorkee and NIH roorkee report and how the reduction of width of the river will affect its normal course? Ans. The river never flows straight in its ravines. It always flows in a curved bend path. Every time it strikes the bank it gets a thrust that makes it again flow in a new direction. What IIT roorkee did is that it gave a report specifying the width and some other specification about the river, based on the Sabarmati river basin and 100 years flood data. Q. Will the water be retained for a certain period of time? Ans. Yes, it is almost like a mini lake with a different base. Sabarmatis natural flow is definitely affected but we also need to understand the river was almost on the verge of extinction and was in 5 most polluted rivers. Therefore, something is better than nothing. Q. We had observed that there were some slum displacement issues in the river-bed. Can you explain us the issues and the problems linked with the slum displacement? Ans. The main problem that is faced by the authority is that the shifting of the slums will be definitely going to affect their livelihood. What I mean to say is that you cant drift a huge section of society without considering the implications on the city.

Q. Is the water of Narmada canal used in the project? Ans. Yes, the excess water of Narmada has been used in the project but it was definitely not in the initial design. Earlier we had planned to send water from Dharoi which could lead to evepo-percolation problems but thankfully the Narmada Canal was successfully constructed. It is actually siphoned bellow the river. The plan is to shortcircuit the siphoned Canal and have a controlled flow of certain amount of water in the Sabarmati River. Q. What about the diaphragm wall, how is it so special to the riverfront Construction? Ans. It is used to provide the stability to the river and ensure that the floods do not have a damaging effect to the Riverfront. Q. What are the aims of Sabarmati Riverfront? Ans. It aims at i) Reducing water Pollution ii) Creating Public Spaces iii) Revitalizing the ground level aqueduct Public spaces include gardens, walkways, and various other facilities which were missing in the central part of Ahmedabad. Q. How is the water pollution being reduced in the river? Ans. All the waste water and chemical water is added in the river by passing it to treatment plants.(Vasna and Vatva)
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Talk to Dr. B.K. Rastogi, Dirctor of ISR(Institute of Seismological Research) about Riverfront. Q. Will the project like Sabarmati impact the stability of the Region? Ans. Dams do have certain effect on stability. Construction of water bodies exerting too much pressure on land, have a triggering effect. River has two fault lines parallel to it. But the thing is that that because of the lesser height of the river the pressure developed is not so much so as to have a triggering effect. Q. Height of buildings that are to be constructed is also quite high. So what about their effect on land stability?
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Ans. The effects are almost negligible. This not an issue to discuss even. As base of the riverfront is made strong and there will not effect on the strength of the land near the river after the completion of the project.
Talk to Mr. Palkeshbhai Parikh in SRDFCL Q. What is the exact amount of water the river can hold at a time? Ans. 4 lakh 75 thousand cusecs of water. Q. Is it in accordance to the floods in past 100 years? Ans. It is actually designed according to the maximum flood limit that was in 1973. Q. Is there some amount of water retention in the river? Ans. The river is still flowing with certain amount of retention. It is not the case that we have stopped the flow of river. Q. What about the safety of Riverfront during the monsoon? Ans. We have specially designed diaphragm walls to protect the riverfront from the effect of the floods. It has as width of .6 meter and a height of about __meters. It is fixed at a depth of __meters. This is much bellow the scour level of river. Scour level is the maximum depth to which the river erodes it bed on having maximum velocity. This ensures that diaphragm gets hinged even after it has been scoured till the maximum level. We hinged the diaphragm from the bottom but then, what about the top? So we made anchors on the top of the river which constitutes the lower prominent of the river. Q. When we visited the site we observed that the sand used in the site was the same taken from the river bed? Ans. We have certainly used the sand of the river but it is not the case that only sand of river is used. We have also used sand from different place too, the reason being stability of structure. Q. Is the whole project taken in consideration the effect of earthquake in the structure? And how has it ensured the stability of the commercial and high-density residential structure build there? Ans. We have worked according to the zone 3 norms of construction under which Ahmedabad falls.

Q. Are you providing any kind of employment opportunities to the people who were rehabilitated Ans: no, as they do not have the skill for the construction of the riverfront. So they have not been included.
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Talk to Mrs. Forum Mehta in Biology department of Community Science Centre Q. What is the impact of the stagnation of river on the water eco-system? Ans. The BOD (biological oxygen demand) and the COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the river shoots up very high leading to unfit environment for the fishes. You would be aware of the death of so many fishes in Kankaria Lake in summer due to lack of oxygen. We need to have a water management system well established to address this problem. If not we have to be prepared for algal growth. Q. What is the impact of creation of a retained water body on the migratory birds resting pattern? Ans. Black and White ides were some the migratory birds seen over Kankaria Lake and also parts of other lakes therefore if we see the comparative effect then there is a possibility that we may be able to see more birds over Sabarmati now. Q. 26% of garden spaces are allotted in project. Do you think that the adjoining trees planted will be a good shelter to birds in city because there were certain articles in Indian Express which talked of decline in population of Vultures and Sparrows? Ans. It depends on type of tree planted in the project. Also it is bird specific. Vultures are scavengers and they dont necessarily have nest on Trees.
Talk to Mr. Amit Shah in CEE Q. What is the effect of construction of an artificial bed on a river? Ans. The first effect that I can think of is that a greater deposition of alluvial soil will be there on the bed of Sabarmati. This may lead to decrease in percolation levels of river
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which can have a long term effect. Even when we study the floods, we keep an assumption of certain percolation level. There are two parts of river, one which flows on the surface and one which flows beneath it. So we also have to consider about Fluvio-Morphology the flow of water and the quality of water in the In the absence of longunderground river. term hydrologic and Q. What is the community that the project will target? Ans. To the degree what I have perceived the benefit will mostly go to the high earning strata of population.
stream flow records an understanding of river morphology (present and past) can help delineate changes in magnitudes of water drainage Gujarat and sediment The system alluvial relict of plain the discharges.
provides an opportunity
Talk to Mr. RD. Shah in geology department in MG Science College Q. What is the effect of the increased water level due to water retention on the project? Ans. The increased water level will definitely have certain impact on structures. Like in Earthquakes there can a problem of liquefaction of the soil which forms the base of building. This can totally weaken the building. This is one possible problem that I am foreseeing. Q. How will the Sabarmati Riverfront Project affect the geology of the river bed ?
to
reconstruct
palaeochannel morphology-related discharge

L4
estimations.
HTTP://WWW.SPRINGERLINK.
COM/CONTENT/1GG75G1W2L06 0045/
Ans. I think that for gaining better knowledge of river flow you study about fluvio morphology of river.
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Talk to Mr. Bimal Patel and his architects working in HCPDPM. Q. What strata of people this project aims for? Ans by hcp staff :This project aims for everybody. From higher class to lower class this project gives everyone something in some context. This project will give benefit equally to all the section of society , and no one specific. Q. Do you mean to say this project also gives something to the people living in the project site? Ans:- Well, as a compensation to them, through a draw system they have all been given houses (Two rooms and one kitchen). Q. What about issues in the draw system like people of hindu religion got located in muslim dominated areas and viceversa? Ans:- Well, they have all been given provisions to exchange among themselves. We have left this decision to them. The court will not be intervened in this exchange . There will be no role of the court .
Q. Sir What about the alluvial soil deposition in the river bed because of unavailability of the natural river-bank. We found out that the percolation capacity of alluvial soil is lesser than the yellow Murom soil, so will it affect the ground water of the Sabarmati River? Ans.:- See everything has been thought about in the project. If you observe the L.S. (longitudinal section) of the river you can see that all the soil will be washed away and there will be no deposition. Q. What is the amount of cusecs of water which you are going to except in the whole riverfront area? Ans:- Well, these technical details will have to be verified with the SRFDCL and then we can give you the exact numbers.
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Q. .What about plastic waste management of the river throughout the year? Ans: - This kind of work is still being proposed right now. We havent finalized it yet. Q.Are there any proposed general norms for the buildings which are to be constructed on this project? Ans:- As of now, these general norms are still being proposed. We have been devicing these general norms and it will declare as and when ready to be declared . Because still there has been not construction works started till now of the building or anything near the riverfront. Q wills there be any public transportation facility along the whole riverfront of Sabarmati? We are not expecting over whole route but all the riverfront will be covered by some or the other public transport. And we have thought of it and hoping that it will help the general citizens. Q. Till now how many houses have been rehabilitated? A. Till now we have 4000 houses being allotted to people. Still I would check it again clarify that. For this project I would even go further and say that comparatively the amount of compensation as well as rehabilitation process has been much faster as well as well managed. These 4000 houses have been allocated in 43 different places along the riverfront or away from the city but near the river.
Q. Due to unavoidable circumstances this project has seen some delays. What do you think would be the impact of delay on commercial areas and public spaces as it would increase the budget? Ans. It will rather decrease the commercial areas because the delay will increase the value of the land which is to be utilized for commercialization. As land prices would have increased and the expected revenue from the commercial will be covered easily without much efforts. Q. Has the budget of this project exceeded from what it had been proposed? Ans. No, in fact we are running under budget now. And this project is self finance .
Q. When is the project project proposed to be complete? Ans. The project will be complte two years from now.
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Interview with SRDFCL office personnel This time we had a talk with Vinod Thakkar (technical department of SRDFCL) Q1. First of all we want to ask who is the executing authority of the Sabarmati Riverfront Project? Ans. The SRDFCL is the client of HCP design consultancy and the board of Directors of the project includes many eminent political personalities. Q. Is the water in Sabarmati retained? Ans. It will keep flowing. Flowing amount of water may be small but it will be there. Let me tell you the something about fatewadi canal. We used to send water for irrigation through fatewadi canal but due to in avilibility of sufficient water in Sabarmati we stopped sending water. The main reason was that the water was stored in Dharoi dam and only a limited amount of water used to flow through Sabarmati. There was extreme demand of water in North Gujarat that led to more storage of water in Dharoi. But then due to Narmada Canal the whole picture changed. The water of about 1000 cusecs is regularly supplied flow from the Narmada canal to Sabarmati which is ultimately diverted to fatewadi canal. Q. Wont the water of Narmada gets affected by the daily supply of water? Ans. The water supplied in Narmada canal is 30,000 cusecs. Therefore such an amount (1000 cusec) wont make a difference. Q. What about the flood situation? Ans. The water released through dams is in lakhs and water through canal is in thousands. Therefore there wont be any significant impact of Narmada canal in addition of water during the flood situation. Q. What are the locations of the slums are rehabilitated in Ahmedabad? There are 43 location chosen near the original location where the slums have been rehabilitated. Ans. There are such 43 locations.
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Q. Water in the river will be retentions. So are there any measure for this kind of stable water management in the river because India being a place of cultural diversity there will be times like Ganesh Chaturthi etc. So how will you be dealing with those kind of situations? Ans:- We cannot hurt cultural sentiments of anyone so we will allow any religious processions that take place on the river. But it would be taken care that river is cleaned after that. Q. Sir what will be the drainage setup during the monsoon? Ans. When this setup was discussed with the HCPDM and they couldnt device any kind of solution to it and finally SRFDCL came to a decision that we will have to dilute the storm muddy water and drain them into the river itself. There have been more solution proposed but this was the one which has minimum tradeoff and most probably scheme this will be implemented.
Visit to the Gandhi Ashram

(These question were asked from people associated with Gandhi ashram) Q. Gandhiji used to say that mad rush towards westernization is not correct. Sabarmati Riverfront is an extremely hyped project and the commercialization in the 13% of the riverfront is something popularized amongst the people with statements like Changing the skyline etc. Even the traditional market is definitely going to get affected by the project. What are the implications of the project on the society? Ans. I definitely agree to you that in a way the inherited pol (i.e this refers to way old ahemadbed is designed) culture has constantly been affected by the rapid commercialization. There is a trend getting developed in the youth that they find themselves superior if they adapt western way of living. The government by promoting the westernization of city is actually proving that western approach is superior to the

traditional approach. We need to rethink over it. In past few years, the migration of people from East Ahmedabad to West Ahmedabad has also increased significantly. East Ahmedabad symbolizes the ancient amdavadi culture. I think that traditionalist needs to be inculcated in the approach along with westernization so that actions signify a particular message. Gandhiji also used to focus on the society and the satvik way of living which is definitely not something expected here. Count the number of people wearing khadi kurta and you will find your answer. The Identity of a citizen is not just by his/her name but also by the culture he/she carries with him/her. Q. What do you think about the exclusion of slums from the project and the way their issues are being handled in the project. Ans. Gandhiji believed in the cooperative way of working in the society. We cannot work individually in a project that is going to affect the lives of people I think that every single person needs to be considered in such a project. It is more justified to give a basic training to the slum and include them in the project. This will be an employment source to the local poor slum dwellers along with the skilled labors. I dont understand the reason for not including the the riverside slum people in the project.
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Analysis of Project
The critical section of the project is the analysis section. There are various dimensions of project we tried to work upon. This section includes positive and negative impacts of project that can be foreseen at this moment about both environment and ecology of ahmedabed.
Direct implications
Flow of river
The flow of water is in general not affected by the shrinking of the river but the problem
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may arise in the extreme floods which are very rare. In that case there is 11 meter high lower promenade that may get affected. The average width of the Sabarmati channel was 382 meters and the narrowest crosssection 330 meters, noted a rapid environmental impact assessment (eia) report by the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (cept), Ahmedabad, and Gujarat Ecological Commission (gec), Vadodara. Still the proposed width is 275 meters. The problem is that the maximum water it can withstand is 4.75 lakh cusec. But such disasters are rare and we have to understand that what so ever design we make, nature always has an upper hand over it. Any design we make is based on certain assumptions.
ARUN BAPAT THIRTY-TWO years after an earthquake that measured 6.5 on the Richter scale rocked the Koyna region in Maharashtra, myths and hypotheses about its origin and cause abound. The most dominant among them is the contention that the dam at Koyna had made the region seismically unstable. Before the earthquake, which occurred on December 11, 1967, Koyna was considered largely a seismic. Therefore the quake not only caught everyone by surprise, but generated a lot of intellectual grinding among the scientific community. Besides earthquakes, reservoirs, lakes and dams became subjects of debate and controversy. Prior to the Koyna earthquake, geophysical and geotechnical studies had supported the assumption that peninsular India was seismically stable. The only available record of an earthquake in the peninsula was that of the Coimbatore earthquake on February 8, 1900, which measured 6.0 on the Richter scale. The Koyna earthquake shook the theory about the seismic stability of peninsular India.
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Earthquake sensitive
Earthquake is something every design takes in account, at least in the high risk zones. During the science day celebrations in Science city, we decided to meet Dr. BK Rastogi, director of Institute of Seismological research in Science city where he was present on eve of science day celebrations. He told me that whenever a significant amount of pressure developed on land there is a possibility of triggering of a small earthquake. Regarding Sabarmati riverfront he told that the there may not be a direct implication as the amount of pressure is very high. But he even didnt refrained to mention the fact that there are two fault lines passing parallel to the Sabarmati. There can still be a possibility that due to the shrinkage of river the pressure per unit are will increase. Also there will be a lot of drilling along the bank which may loosen the soil. So there is a small possible implication of project on the geology of the region.
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Indirect implications
Rapid increase in energy requirement
We know that Ahmedabad till date has depended on the conventional thermal power plant which has coal as its main source of energy. On burning 1kg of Coal the energy produced is 2kWhr (at max) and so the amount of CO2 emitted 1.83 kg CO2 for every 1 kg of coal. Therefore 2kwhr of energy costs 1.83 kg of CO2 . The energy requirement is to go up rapidly due to the rapid commercialization along the 20% allotted space for residential and commercial plots. Every development had a certain environmental cost and that is something that we generally neglect. There are efforts taken by Gujarat government to promote the non-renewable source of energy and we hope that we will be able to fulfill the energy needs of our future generations and with the fast pace energy requirements due to such projects and expansion of the city we will be able to have a sustainable energy source which is environment friendly because after-all environment impacts our life in some or other way.
Liquefaction
is
phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading. Liquefaction and related phenomena have been responsible for tremendous amounts of damage in historical earthquakes around the world. Liquefaction occurs in saturated soils, that is, soils in which the space between individual particles is completely filled with water. This water exerts a pressure on the soil particles that influences how tightly the particles themselves are pressed together. Prior to an earthquake, the water pressure is relatively low. However, earthquake shaking can cause the water pressure to increase to the point where the soil particles can readily move with respect to each other. When liquefaction occurs, the strength of the soil decreases and, the ability of a soil deposit to support foundations for buildings and bridges are reduced Liquefied soil also exerts higher pressure on retaining walls, which can cause them to tilt or slide. This movement can cause settlement of the retained soil and destruction of structures on the ground surface Increased water pressure can also trigger landslides and cause the collapse of dams. L6 http://www.ce.washington.edu/~li quefaction/html/what/what1.html
Risk of Liquefaction
Liquefaction is a catastrophe that has created a lot of havoc in cities like San Francisco. It is not the case that they had not designed the buildings considering the earthquake factor. The simplest reason for their collapse was liquefaction. The term simply means the property of the soil to behave like a semiliquid when there is considerable amount of water pressure inside the soil and the soil has tendency to get slurry at some point of time. Earthquake provides a tremendous amount of energy to the soil making it intermingle with water. It is a well known fact that retention of water in Sabarmati River will lead to increase in the ground water level. This will develop water pressure inside the soil. During the earthquake we cannot deny a possibility of liquefaction. If this happens, then there is
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some fundamental problem with the future sustainability of the project.
River Bed Erosion Problem

The uniformity of the river width has lead to uniformity in velocity and also the depth of the river. This has increased the rate of erosion in the riverbed. No doubt they have considered this problem in a way finding out the new equilibrium of the sedimentation and decantation. But I am still skeptical about the new equilibrium to be established during the floods. If the equilibrium is bellow the depth of diaphragm then it will definitely loosen the strength of the riverfront.
We also need to understand the strata of public getting benefit and by what amount. If we consider building of huge mall then the target public will be upper middle class. We need to understand the ground reality about the locational advantage and disadvantage Being in the centre of the city, it will be definitely going to have a greater access. It will be heart of activities in the city. But the commercialization in the central zone on such a large scale may be a deadly blow to the traditional pol culture in the city. The natives may now prefer going to commercial malls of Sabarmati Riverfront rather than getting the things from traditional markets There was a project old back in the News related to total makeover of old citys bhadra fort region. This project needed shifting of the market and some residents in a new plan. Due to certain reasons, the project couldnt get into implementation. We can provide space for their shifted residents and companies. This way we can provide a trigger to a new project. Having lived in Ahmedabad for so long I have realized the fact that the soul of Ahmedabad lies in its traditional architectural heritage. We can design the parks or walkway and new shifted market(Displaced Gujari Market) with a traditional touch. This will help preserve cultural heritage amongst the generations to come.
A transition zone offers food, shelter, and nesting sites for garden birds. Tall seed-producing grasses, herbs, and annual flowers provide seeds and nectar, and harbour many insect species that are eaten by birds. Flowering shrubs produce nectar as well, and shrubs or canes produce fruit, nuts, and seeds. Like the grasses, shrubs harbour insects.
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NIH and IIT roorkee report Details

Important points of the report
The salient points that are envisaged to from the hydraulics point of view are as follows: (I) Construction of embankments on both sides of the river along the entire stretch from Narmada main canal to Wasna Barrage. (ii) Retention of water in the river for the whole year by construction of barrage at Kotarpur and Dudheshwar (iii) The laying of water supply lines, trunk sewers and pumping stations and along both the banks, and the extension of storm water drains flowing into the river.
Objectives of the report

The study will be completed in two phases and the objectives will be as follows: 1. To review the study conducted earlier on flood behavior due to constricting of the river width for different discharges as worked out from the data collected and as suggested by different experts. 2. To compute and confirm the HFL for a design flood of 4.75 lakh cusec (13450 cumecs) along the river after the execution of the project.
STUDY AREA
The study area for this project is the Sabarmati River reach from Narmada main canal crossing to Vasana Barrage; the approximately length of the reach is 20 km. The physical features and the hydraulics of this reach are described briefly in the following :-
Physical Features of the River

This section describe the physical features of the study are, as per the findings of the detailed survey of the river and adjacent areas undertaken for developing the SRFD Project (SRFDCL, 2004). All the data have been collected from the official sources of Sabarmati riverfront project and other institutes.
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Subhash Bridge to Vasana Barrage (Inside the city area): The river runs a meandering course of about 9 km from Subhash Bridge up to the Wasna Barrage through the city with an average width varying from 325 to 500 m, with two meandering loops at Gaikwad Haveli and Wadaj. The average reduced levels (RL) of the riverbed at Subhash Bridge and Wasna Barrage are 39.2 m and 37.4 m respectively, and the average slope is mild. The height of the banks ranges from 4 to 9 m. A negative slope is observed from Sardar Bridge to Wasna Barrage. The edge is not clearly defined by embankments or retaining walls at most places. The river edge gently slopes down to the riverbed at several places, which have vegetation and have been encroached by slum settlements. The RL of the top gate of the Wasna Barrage is 41.756 m. Filling Wasna Barrage up to these level results in flooding of the nearby areas in monsoons. Narmada Main Canal (NMC) to Subhash Bridge (Outside City area): The river runs a meandering course of total 11.65 km from Narmada Main Canal to Subhash Bridge with an average width varying from 296 to 732 m. There are three meandering loops at old village sites of Kotarpur, Ashram Bapus Ashram (near Koteshwar) and near AEC at Subhash Bridge. The average reduced levels of the riverbed at Narmada Main Canal and Subhash Bridge are 44.73 m and 39.25 m respectively, and the slope of the river is generally mild. The height of the banks ranges from 4.75 to 12.50 m. The edge is not clearly defined by embankments or retaining walls at most places, and the river edge gently slopes down to the riverbed at several places, which have vegetations Hydraulics features The linear waterway required for the bridges on the Sabarmati River as per CWC (1987) report is 176 m. The Subhash Bridge, Gandhi Bridge (and its widening), Nehru Bridge and Sardar Bridge (and its widening) are all designed for an estimated flood of 4 lakh cusec. Ellis Bridge (and its widening) is designed for an estimated flood of 5 lakh cusec. This data is based on the report of R & B (1989). The flood observed in 1973, prior to the construction of the Dharoi Dam was estimated at being 5 lakh cusec. However, no verification of this estimate is available. The Wasna barrage was non-existent in 1973. The flood magnitude for the event was approximately 4.75 lakh cusec. The reduced level for the bridges in this reach along with their corresponding Soffit levels and corresponding HFLs for this flood are reported in Table 1 (SRFDCL, 2004). As per the present status, the afflux bunds or embankments constructed on both the banks are designed to provide protection against a 5 lakh cusec flood velocity of flow for the constricted sections; (v) computing the scour using the optimal parameters obtained thereof. On basis of the detailed analysis, recommendations have to be made for bridge sections, embankments along with the downstream protection measures. Scope of the Project The SRFD project is envisaged to take up three additional new bridges in phased manner. The proposed bridges are: (i) two nos. at Ch. 1195 and 2058 m in the reach from Subhsah Bridge to Gandhi bridge (ii) third at Ch. 8030 m in the reach from Sardar ridge to Vasana Barrage (refer Figure 1). On basis of the earlier studies by SRFDCL, the estimation of HFLs for a 5 lakhs cusec flood with the existing riverbank levels data showed a uniform bridge width of 275 m was optimal

to achieve the objectives of the design. This means that the natural existing width has to be constricted to 275 m. Hence, the hydrological analysis has five focal parts: (i) computing the design flood at the upstream i.e. Narmada Main Canal (ii) safe routing of the flood wave through constricted widths (iii) describing the surface profile of this flood at different bridge sections and salient points of the reach including the backwater effect (iv) optimal estimation of roughness coefficient (n) for the increased velocity of flow for the constricted sections (v) computing the scour using the optimal parameters obtained thereof. On basis of the detailed analysis, recommendations have to be made for bridge sections, embankments along with the downstream protection measures.
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Consideration of scour in HEC-2 computations

In alluvial Sabarmati reach, scour depths are considered to be of 1 and 2 m under natural and constricted river reach conditions, respectively, and their variation assumed to be 8parabolic across the cross-section, the maximum depth of scour at the center of the reach and zero at the banks. (i) the shape of the cross-section assumed by the section in a regime condition is semielliptical rather than parabolic. Secondly, the regular variation of scour depth across the cross-section forces the flow to occupy larger space in the inactive zone than required. The implication is to reduce the computed flow depths at various cross-sections for a given discharge. The permissible velocities for erodible channels which scours but dont silt are given by Chow (1959) in Table 7.3 as 3.75 f/s. This figure or recommendations of the Indian standard codes need a reference while analyzing this aspect. (ii) (ii) As the HEC 2 model has certain limitations when applied for channels with a mild slope, a suitable dynamic wave routing model with routing option such as the NWS DAMBRK model might yield more representative water surface profiles. (iii) The adaptation of n values for profile calculations needs to be checked by sensitivity analysis. (iv) Flood plane zoning may be done in future as a part of disaster management.
Report From the recommendations of the review report, it is felt that the following points should be incorporated:
1. The calculation of 100 year return period flood and the subsequent 10% reduction factor for computing the design flood is based on the argument that the simultaneous maximum rainfall may not occur over the entire catchment. The study by M/s C.C. Patel Associates was completed in the year 1999. Subsequently, there have many developments in the catchments up stream of Ahmedabad and due to these; the utilization of water has increased. A reference of clause 7.3 of IS 7784 (Part 1): 1993 for giving weightage to the observed data is made.
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2. As explained above, the design flood considered is 4.75 lakh cusecs instead of estimated design flood of 5.25 lakh cusec.
3. In the later part of the report it is mentioned that the structures/channel cross-sections should be designed for 4 lakh cusecs of flood with a check flood of 4.75 lakh cusecs. However the ongoing works are designed for 4.75 lakh cusecs flood. 4. The detail calculations for finding the maximum possible scour depth is not described in the report, the same reason holds for the siltation aspect. However the scour during high flood will give lower water surface elevation which implies higher safety of the structure. 5. The Mannings roughness parameter - n used for computation of water surface profile has important influence on computed water surface elevation. Hence it is required to check its sensitivity by sensitivity analysis.
Recent floods
Observed in the month of August-2006 at Ahmedabad In the recent flood of August-2006, simultaneous gauging and flood measurements were taken at Subhash Bridge and Vasana Barrage lying within a reach of 9 km. The real time data of Vasana Barrage and flood gauging at Subhash Bridge was recorded by AMC for four subsequent floods in August-2006, and these are reported in Table 4. To summarize, the observed maximum flood at Vasana Barrage during this event occurred on 17th August 2006. The magnitude of this flood was 3.10 lakh cusecs and the corresponding gauge was 42.160m. The concurrent gauge level at 9.0 km upstream at Subhash Bridge was 47.48m. The present study makes use of these observations for working out the hydraulic gradient and also for estimating approximately the value of Mannings roughness n of this reach.
Computation of water surface profile using DAMBRK Model

The National Weather Service (1981) dam break flood forecasting model (NWS-DAMBRK) uses the weighted 4-point finite difference implicit (or Preissmann) scheme for the solution of the St. Venants equations. In order to cope with stability, convergence, and for other reasons, the stage-discharge relationship, a frequently used downstream boundary condition, is expressed in terms of Mannings equation to reproduce the above-described hysteresis effect. Using the NWS DAMBRK model flood profiles for the considered reach are computed for various flood discharges considering the scour depth of 1 m in the river bed, and n-values

varying with depth of flow, as follows. 221. The profile for 3.1 lakh cusec flood was computed for 3 cross-sectional average n-values, viz., 0.020, 0.022, and 0.025 and 1 m scour throughout the cross-section and reach. The results showed a variation of 0.95 m depth of flow at Vasna barrage when computed with maximum and minimum n-values. It indicates that the consideration of a cross-sectional average n-value in the analysis can significantly affect the flow depths and, therefore, would involve (subjective) judgment. 2. Therefore, the above results were matched closely with those derived considering more reasonable n-values that vary with the depth of flow and these were as follows: 0.03, 0.025, 0.022, 0.018, 0.018, 0.018, starting from river bed level to the top of river banks. 3. The above pattern of n-values varying with depth of flow were considered for deriving water surface profiles for 4.0 and 4.75 lakh cusec floods. These values were further refined as: 0.032, 0.03, 0.027, 0.022, 0.021, 0.021, starting from river bed to top of banks. These values took into account the recommendations of Chow (1959) and the above sensitivity analysis. In addition, the higher values provide an additional factor of safety to the hydraulic structures. The results obtained with these n-values, with 1 m scour throughout the cross-section and all along the reach, and with constricted (275 m river width) of the river is 4.0 and 4.75 lakh cusec floods, respectively. Apparently, the maximum depths of flow attained for both the floods, viz., 4.0 and 4.75 lakh cusec, are little higher than those presented in the recent report, but generally significantly lower than those presented by M/s C.C. Patel & Associates. Thus, the DAMBRK results not only verify the results of the present report but also enhance the level of confidence with respect to the safety of hydraulic structures.
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Bridge location: -
M/S C. C. Patel &HEC-2 analysis basedDAMBRK analysis Associates report on observed flood (4.0 with varying n-value)
(4.00 lakh cusec lakh cusecs (constricted and considering 1 m (Constricted condition) river bed scour Condition)
Vasana barrage Sardar bridge Ellis bridge Nehru bridge Gandhi bridge Subhash bridge
42.92 m 47.04 m 47.77 m 48.12 m 49.11 m 50.05 m
43.17 m 46.20 m 46.89 m 47.20 m 48.25 m 49.15 m
43.21 m 45.55 m 46.61 m 46.92 m 47.58 m 49.20 m
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Recommendations made by this report:

The following are the recommendations of this report:
(i) A gauge and discharge site may be planned on Sabarmati River at Narmada main canal crossing upstream of the city. This shall ensure that the flow can be measured without the backwater effect due to storage at Vasana Barrage. (ii) As the HEC 2 model has certain limitations when applied for channels with a mild slope, a suitable dynamic wave routing model with routing option such as the NWS DAMBRK model might yield more representative water surface profiles. (iii) The adaptation of n values for profile calculations needs to be checked by sensitivity analysis. (iv) Flood plane zoning may be done in future as a part of disaster management.
This report did the water surface profiles calculations of Sabarmati River for the reach falling between Subhash Bridge and Vasna Barrage in Ahmedabad (Gujarat). The report computes the following hydrological variables for this reach: (i) the water surface profiles for the floods of 4.00 lakh cusec and 4.75 lakh cusec (1973 flood event); (ii) the maximum depth that could possibly be encountered under constricted river reach conditions, and their variation considering scour and appropriate values of Mannings roughness coefficient. The analysis was carried out using both HEC-2 and DAMBRK models, and the results are presented in Tables 7 (a) and (b). The selection of Mannings coefficient of the channel and banks is based on the recommendation of Chow (1959) and a detailed sensitivity analysis and simulation of the year 2006 flood. Finally, it was found that the water levels computed at the various locations in the Sabarmati River in constricted condition of channel width 275m by using the HEC-2 model 24and the DAMBRK model by adopting the parameters calculated using the data of recent flood of 2006, are lower than those computed by M/s C.C. Patel & Associates for natural as well as for constricted condition. Further, due to improvement in channel carrying capacities in the constricted reach, the maximum water levels corresponding to the design flood are likely to be lower than those expected under the natural conditions.
However, the scour during high floods will yield lower water surface elevation and it is a conservative approach. A gauge and discharge site may be planned on Sabarmati River at Narmada main canal crossing upstream of the city. This shall ensure that the river flow can be measured without any backwater effect due to storage at Wasna barrage and data collected would be of immense use in future.

Comments on the Conclusions of the
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Comments on the recommendations

The structure should be designed for a design flood and additional free boards should be adequately provided as per the existing standard recommendations. The scour and siltation should be computed for certain salient points in the channels for different velocities. As mentioned above, this could have been taken care of while running the HEC model.
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Blame game begins on vulture tree felling

Kumar Manish | TNN
Possible Positive Impacts

Biodiversity
26% of land is to be used for the gardens. Gardens are not just public spaces but are also a shelter to birds in city. The trees planted on the ends of the garden will provide a shelter to a lot of birds. Recently I was reading a news article showing the decline of the population of birds especially vultures. Sparrows and other birds have consistently been migrating from the city due to temperature and unsuitable habitat. Sabarmati riverfront will provide an optimal habitat location for such birds. But the water retention in the river will reduce the oxygen level in river which is not good for health of river.
Ahmedabad: Now, it is all about passing the buck between the Parks and Garden Department of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) and the forest department, Gandhinagar, for failing to protect the habitat of endangered species of vultures. After the TOI report of more than 40-year-old cork trees being hacked at an open plot near ATIRA, forest department officials seem to have woken up and initiated an inquiry into the whole matter. City Range Forest officer JS Desai told TOI, The forest department has sent a team to investigate the felling of trees as trees were reportedly abided to vultures. We tried to find trace of any existence of vultures on the particular tree which has been chopped off. We have also taken the statement of local residents about the roosting place of vultures at the same location. Strangely, AMC authorities have neither granted nor refused permission to the builder for felling of the trees. The builder had filed the application for cutting the trees AMC four months ago. Environmentalist Aditya Roy, 21, said, The cacophony of the ongoing construction activity had also greatly affected the vultures behavior.
A transition zone offers food, shelter, and nesting sites for garden birds. Tall seedproducing grasses, herbs, and annual flowers provide seeds and nectar, and harbor many insect species that are eaten by birds. Flowering shrubs produce nectar as well, and shrubs or canes produce fruit, nuts, and seeds. Like the grasses, shrubs harbor insects.L5 http://birdhabitats.suite101.com/article.cfm/garden_birds _and_transition_zones#ixzz0guo00iYc
Creating Job opportunities

This can be done by creating ecological parks and also planting trees which can function both as soil binder and wind breaker. We

can revitalize the fast depleting bird ecosystem by restoring their natural habitats along with the garden. We can implement vehicle free lane strategy to get out of the chaos of the city to a peaceful place like utopia. One thing that we have noticed about India and we are sure others have also noticed is the cleanliness point of view. We need to impose a fine for every person who dumps his/her garbage in the river or the garden. This has been a strategy in other countries but in India due to inability or unfeasibility of such plan we often neglect it. We can also ponder upon the possibility of an alternate way of transportation which is the water transportation. We can use engine boats for faster transport from one area to other area. For example going to vasana from Ellis bridge, etc.
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Water quality improvement plan

There was a significant concern of the public related to the deteriorating water quality of the riverfront that was addressed by SRFDCL. When we personally asked one of the members of SRFDCL about the drain management, then he gave a very broad spectrum of problem that contributes to the problem. Sewage contaminated the storm water out-falls and the dumping of industrial waste posed a major health and environmental hazard. Though the riverbank and bed provided a place to stay and source of livelihood for many poor citizens, the riverbank slums have been disastrously flood prone and lacked basic infrastructure services. He told us that there are 48 storm water outlets which drain in the river from both the sides. At this point of time it is important to note that Drainage outlet is different from Storm water outlet system. One of the initiatives taken by the SRFDCL also in the goals of the
project is the water quality improvement. The sewage interceptors will actually carry storm water along with the drain water and it will be treated by the two treatment plants, one at vatva and other at vasana. This will be a permanent solution to the water pollution problem which has persisted because of illegal drainage connection in the storm water outlet. Therefore all the 48 sewer lines(includes storm water outlets) will be connected to a parallel sewage interceptors.
Housing for the poor

This project will provide a 2 room kitchen to all the 7000 poor people in the area. It will have a sound sanitation facility. Earlier the residents of slums living on sides used to live in a pathetic condition. 1. They used to live in a very poor condition.
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2. Dampage of the waste in the Sabarmati led to extremely unhygienic conditions for the slums to live.
Revitalizing Sabarmati
Sabarmati was considered not less than drainage line few years ago. The buildings were constructed in way that they have their back side towards the Sabarmati. The riverfront project also aims to revitalize the river by various ways out of which some of them are mentioned bellow: 1. It aims at reducing the pollution level of the river 2. The regular inflow of 1000 cusec of Narmada water and the retention of the water will make it have water throughout the year. 3. Due to constant river width, the velocity of the water will remain constant. This constant velocity will in turn even out the river bed to a constant depth. This will restore healthy characteristics of the river. 4. The streets will increase the accessibility of the river to common public. 5. Creating water eco-system in river. This included the sheltering of fishes in Sabarmati.
Traffic De-Congestion
By the expansion of city in terms of size the traffic, de-congestion became a tedious task for AMC which it needed to do in order to have a sustainable future. The streets in the riverfront will create new roads running perpendicular to the bridges which will in a way decongest the traffic in the central part of the city. At present Ahmedabad has only one major north south link which is Ashram Road on the Western side of the city. The addition of a major north south road link on the east bank and strengthening of other roads will significantly add to the road network of the city, reduce traffic congestion and result in a more efficient flow of traffic. Hansol Bridge will add to strength of the transport network.
Informal Market for the Poor

The markets in central part of Ahmedabad have been more of informal market. Such markets serve a great demand of the city but have its own disadvantage. It creates a lot of chaos on the road which in a way leading to traffic problem. It also makes the streets untidy by the litter consisting of the rotted flowers and vegetables etc. These problems will be resolved by the project which proposes to create two new well organized markets. It will have organized parking and greater accessibility as compared to the existing informal markets. All the informal markets will be developed on elevated land and have a planned layout with semi permanent stalls, plinths and facilities such as parking spaces, water supply and public toilets.
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Ground Water Recharge

Due to certain amount of retention of river water, the percolation of water will definitely go higher through the river bed. This will recharge drinkable ground water. The source of the drinking water in Ahmedabad has French wells and the treated water. The French wells has percolated water as a source to extracts portable water. It will therefore help in overcoming the portable water challenges which can occur in the future because of rapidly increasing population. Ahmedabad always remained heavily dependent on ground water to meet its water requirements. A significant component of Ahmedabads water supply (nearly 42%) used to be met by the ground water sources, which were rapidly depleting. It was estimated that the ground water table fell @ 2.5 meters annually. The building of embankments on either side of the river and availability of water from Narmada canal have made it possible to retain water up to the upstream of the Vasna Barrage all year round. Retaining of this water in the river will result in recharging of the ground water aquifers and arrest the rapid fall in the ground water table in the city area. The successful implementation of the project will definitely hint towards a good town-planning and will totally change the face of the city. This project has been immensely popularized and therefore is a dream project for many Indians
Improving the standard of living

Sabarmati Riverfront project will definitely improve the Standard of living in Ahmedabad. By creating promenades and gardens and organized markets will actually change the life of amdavadis in a positive way. These will provide a peaceful environment for all, particularly the old and the very young. These additions in the heart of the city will considerably enhance the availability of open space for the densest areas of the city.
Popularizing Ahmedabad City
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The well developed riverfront will be a new icon for the city of Ahmedabad. An icon which would become a major tourist attraction thereby bringing investments in the area of hotels, entertainment, food courts, etc. The facelift to conserve the monuments of heritage importance viz. Gandhi Ashram, Dandi Bridge, Fort wall & Manek Burj,Luili Mosque, Saptarshi Ghat etc would bring in lot many international tourists.
Green Coverage
This project also aims at increasing the green cover of the city. The project envisages a continuous corridor along the river edge in the form of a promenade of width varying between 5-17m which would a pedestrianised tree lined walkway of almost 10 kms. It would be possible to access the river The well developed Sabarmati directly from walkways. The plantation & riverfront will turn the river into a Green Coverage will certainly convert major asset, and will certainly enhance the city into more vibrant and environment friendly urban the quality of environment & life, will neighborhood and will be an transform Ahmadabads historic but addition to the efforts of neglected river into a vibrant and vital beatification of the city.
Commercial Development
Environment friendly neighborhood for the city.
urban
13% of the land is allotted for the commercial development of the riverfront. Creation of commercial areas is planned on certain areas of reclaimed land both on East and West Banks. The development of sky rocketing multi storied towers/ buildings in this commercial hub will bring in a new skyline for the city on riverbank. It will have a trickledown effect on the lower sections of society too.
Our observation on the issue

First of all, we would like to say that Sabarmati riverfront is being developed on a huge stretch of 10k.m along the river of Sabarmati.

According to SRFDCL website, water will be retentions in the Sabarmati riverfront region evident from the fact on both the sides there are structure which will control the flow of the water. We have also have also received same answers SRFDCL worker the water will flow at a minimum velocity. While at HCPDPM we received answers that water will be retentions. Moreover both the bodies also still have not been able to come to a conclusion about the stable water management in the river which is going to be a major issue after the project has been built. Whenever they have been asked such questions they gave example of kankaria lake which has been there not even for five years. We at least had expected an example from them which lasted at least more than five years also there is fundamental difference between Sabarmati riverfront and Kankaria lake.. Well this we consider as a total lack of coordination between the two bodies. We were greatly astounded when we asked what kind of earthquake zone was the riverfront project located in. We received two different answers from two different bodies, SRFDCL had answered zone 3 while HCPDPM answered zone 4. Now these form the basis of construction of the whole riverfront project. In order for us to think in a positive sense we would assume that this can be taken in a light manner that may be one of the bodies may not be well aware of the details of the project. Otherwise these inconsistent assumptions can also lead to disastrous effects on the whole city itself. One more observation relating to the Gujari market issue is that the market is not just about profit and loss but it is a representative of a parochial community. Its nerves are joined with the rich culture the artisans carry along with them. Although these markets are claimed to be revitalized after the project, the displacement may have an positive or negative impact on their daily sales of goods. Sometimes strategic locations play a vital role in accelerating the sales and since this project makes them more accessible, there are higher possibilities of a positive uplift in their sales. But what will be the kind of allotment of space to them and will it be enough for them from their previous locations is still in skepticism. Overall this project seems to have positive impact on the ecology. Off course, there may be unseen environmental changes or effect that could take place as man playing with nature (i.e. natural flow of the river) is always not a wise decision or step.
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News Articles concerning SRFDP Times of IndIA

Sabarmati river-front project launched in abad
TNN, Apr 14, 2003, 10.48pm IST AHMEDABAD: If you wanted to hear Chief Minister Narendra Modi and Leader of Opposition Amarsinh Chaudhary shower accolades on each other, you should have been present at the Bhumipujan ceremony of the Sabarmati River-Front Development Project at Bhikhabhai Garden near Ellisbridge on Monday. "When it comes to serving the people, political parties in Gujarat have always worked unitedly. I thank Narendra Modi for the interest he has shown in the project," said Chaudhary. Modi, too, reciprocated, "I once requested Amarsinhbhai that we should meet Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Digvijaysinh and represent our case on Sardar Sarovar project. Amarsinhbhai not only accompanied me, but also represented the case very passionately," he said, addressing the gathering from a stage packed with leaders from both the political parties. "We have our own limitations," Modi said in a lighter vein, "when it comes to praising leaders from other parties." The chief minister said, "If one studies history, most of the human civilisations have flourished on river banks. We want to make this a model project, which other cities in the country will emulate. In other parts of the world, such experiments have borne fruits." Modi said by helping the Congress-run corporation, the state government is only discharging its duties. The project has been one of the most talked about ones. A lot of mayors have come and gone, without much progress in the project. "We didnt want mayor Himmatsinh to go without doing anything. I would like to see this project completed in 1,000 days," he said. The project envisages comprehensive development of both the banks of Sabarmati river. At present, the riverfront lies neglected and characterised by unimaginative and unplanned development. Though it is a major source of water for the city, except for a few months during the monsoon, the river is dry. Sewage contaminated storm water outfalls and the dumping of industrial waste pose a major health and environmental hazard. Though the riverbanks provides a place to stay and source of livelihood to many economicallybackward citizens, the riverbank slums are disastrously flood prone and lack basic infrastructure services. "Though the idea of such a project is not new, it was in 1997 that the AMC established the Sabarmati River-Front Development Corporation Limited (SRFDCL) and provided it with seed capital of Rs 1 crore. The SRFDCL was charged with the responsibility of developing the riverfront," said municipal commissioner P Paneervel, who is the chairman of the corporation. Some of the notable features of the project are construction of embankments on both sides of the river along the 9km stretch from Subhash Bridge to Vasna barrage; reclamation of about 162 ha (400 acres) of land, retention of water in the river for throughout the year; development of seven new public gardens; development of wide public promenades along the entire length of the river with adequate on-street parking facilities; allocation of serviced land for relocation of hundreds of households affected by the project; development of four-lane wide and 9-km long roads along the entire length on both the banks, to name a few.

the ground water aquifers, strengthening of the roadnetwork, elimination of flood hazard, relocation and rehabilitation of slums, provision for informal markets, recreational zones and flood management are some just some of the areas where the city will gain.
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According to sources, the city will benefit immensely from the project. Besides beautification, recharging of
Chug along Sabarmati riverfront aboard metro rail

AHMEDABAD: Imagine travelling by the Sabarmati riverfront in metro rail. This was to be a reality when the ambitious metro project was drawn up. It is not just the Vishala-Akshardham route and the Thaltej-Kalupur corridor that the project was all about. In fact, it had a second phase, which aimed at setting up a corridor along the banks of Sabarmati and adding 51 km to the phase 1 while traversing from Changodar, Sarkhej, Iskon along SG Road, Khodiyar, Tarapur up to GIFT city. The route is spelt out in the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) report submitted to the state government in 2005. The second phase of the metro has at least four extensions and covered several important destinations. This also involved a few stations on the 132-feet Ring Road. DMRC, however, refused a direct connection to the airport for both the metro rail and the regional rail stating that "it would not be justified even in 2035 as the air passenger growth rate would be just 10 per cent by that year". The total phase 1 entailed a 43.55-km route while phase 2 involved a route of an additional 51 km. An extension of the metro railway was sought from Vasna to Changodar, Sarkhej to Gandhinagar via SG Road, another line from Vasna to Sabarmati along the 132-feet Ring Road and an exclusive corridor along the Sabarmati riverfront. Another major move was fusing the metro with the regional rail network that passes right through the heart of the city. The DMRC had demanded three extensions to the regional rail tracks Barejadi-Kalupur-Kalol and KalupurNaroda. The extension involved a line along the Sarkhej-Gandhinagar via SG Road and one between Vasna and Sabarmati. "The regional rail extensions together with the existing BRTS network were to complete the seamless transport system for the city. In fact, the complete extension of the regional rail network and the BRTS was meant to connect the metro rail by 2025. Some of the metro changeover junctions where one could shift from one mode of transport to the other were few according to the new plan. We are looking into the nitty gritty of the system," said a senior GIDB official.
IIM-A studies the other side of the Sabarmati Riverfront

Vasundhara Vyas Mehta, TNN, Oct 9, 2009, 11.49pm IST AHMEDABAD: Life is a battle for Kamlaben, who had built her dream home on the banks of Sabarmati river, but on a fateful day, she and many of her neighbours were ask to evict their house. A promise to build proper houses in Pirana has, even after four years, remained a far fetched dream for Kamlaben, and 2,000 others, who have been relocated from various slum evictions happening in the city for giving way to Sabarmati Riverfront.
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The seminar was attended by affected members of the society, NGO members, lawyers and activists. Mathur added, "The research was done by post graduate programme students, fellowship programme and youths from these slums. The outcome of the seminar was the initiation of a public hearing, where policy makers, community and the affected can be brought together." Major Challenges for the Slum Dwellers - Loss of real income and rise in expenditure - Loss of economic mobility and livelihood opportunities - Loss of community assets like safety, education and health - Loss of fixed assets . - Loss of basic services . - Produces poverty . Health At the previous location, all residents relied primarily on government facilities such as public health centres and mobile vans. After relocation, public health-care options usage has decreased to 50.8% and private has increased to 49.2%. Education - 86.5% (300 children) attended school at the previous location. Now only 40.9% (142 children) attend school - 52.6% (158 children) have dropped out of school Reasons for dropping out of school - Increased costs makes it difficult to continue - No schools nearby
With no means of finding work, transport getting expensive and bad living conditions, slum dwellers living in Pirana became one of the main components of a research conducted by faculty members and researchers from the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad The results of the study were discussed in a seminar, Urban Governance and Development Induced Displacement', conducted on Friday at the campus. "The study features the 400-year-old Sundayflea market on the bank of Sabarmati, the fate of which is in doldrums because of the river front project. The other is the relocation site of Pirana. This research is a part of a bigger project in collaboration with Ford Foundation, The Globalising State, Public Services and the New Governance of Urban Local Communities in India'," said professor Navdeep Mathur, the IIMA faculty, who is undertaking the study with professor Ghanshyam Shah. Bina Jadav, activist from Action Aid working with urban poor and displaced people said, "From the eight suicides in Ganesh Nagar to numerous rehabilitation schemes, city slum dwellers have seen it all. What we want to achieve is an alternate rehabilitation plan for them, so that they are not cheated and can build a better life for themselves".
INDIAN EXPRESS
Houses allotted to people affected by Sabarmati riverfront project
Sunday, Feb 07, 2010 at 0237 hrs Ahmedabad: The Sabarmati River Front Development Corporation Ltd (SRFDCL) has started allotment of alternative housing accommodation to people affected by the project in the area between Nehru Bridge and Raikhad. The SRFDCL officials conducted a draw of lots through a computerised process and made on-thespot allotment of houses on Saturday in presence of the members of the committee set up especially for the purpose under Deputy Municipal Commissioner Rasik Varsani, said an AMC release.

It further said that the houses were allotted to 1,147 beneficiaries. The alternative locations include Bag-eFirdos ward, Ajit Mill, Rakhial and Ambica Tubes in Vatva area. Around 820 residents have been served eviction notices in the past one week, said the release. Meanwhile, Municipal Commissioner I P Gautam has denied any lack of transparency in the house allotment procedure. We are carrying out the process as per the directives issued by the Gujarat High Court. The allotment process is fully computerised with labels affixed on the application forms of the beneficiaries, he said.
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Houses allotted not need-based, say displaced families in Akhbarnagar

Amrita Didyala
Posted: Jun 06, 2009 at 2314 hrs IST

displacement have been denied a house. The AMC states that since their property was a commercial structure, they are not liable for replacement. These people have lost both; the house and livelihood. At least five such cases have already been reported to us, said Muhammad Khan Pathan, the president of the Sabarmati Nagrik Adhikar Manch. In fact, there are seven cases in which the houses were overlooked at the time of the survey and as a result they are not eligible for displacement, said Pathan. Earlier, people (the affected) had laid down specific requirements but now they have started compromising even as the houses they have been provided are not suitable to the needs of many, said advocate-activist Girish Patel who represented the slum-dwellers in the High Court. The four-storied houses provided to the displaced are unsuitable to slum-dwellers who need space in front of their houses for their carts and auto rickshaws. Khojabhai Chanabhai, one of the affected, said, I have been given a house on the second floor. There is no place to keep my cart. If I leave it outside the building, my things will be stolen or the cart will be damaged. On asked about the discontent shown by the displaced families, Gautam refused to comment on it saying he did not have all details about the matter.
Ahmedabad Of the 415 families which were displaced because of the construction of the Dhudheshwar- Wadaj Bridge, 139 have been allotted houses in Akhbarnagar. The first phase of the allotment process began around 20 days ago. While, a large number of these families are not happy with the houses allotted to them as they are not need-based, a few have been struggling with the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) over discrepancies in the allotment. AMC Commissioner I P Gautam said, The allocation began about 20 days ago for the displaced in the Wadaj Bridge project. Last year, when the AMC had filed an application in the High Court in response to the petition made by the Sabarmati Nagrik Adhikar Manch an organisation formed by the slumdwellers affected by the Riverfront Development Project and the proposed Dudheshwar-Wadaj bridge displacement was sought on the basis of a blueprint of two-room houses to be constructed for this segment. Two brothers Amrabhai Ramabhai Dabhi and Ukabhai Ramabhai Dabhi had two separated houses before the displacement and yet they have been allotted only one house. Each of them has a family of five members, separate ration cards and both were listed as two separate families at the time of the petition. Besides this, several people who had houses and commercial property before the
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DNA
Sabarmati riverfront to get Qutub Minar like structure
Ahmedabad: Imagine a giant Qutub Minar like structure of colorful stainless steel blocks, one that changes colour and shape while you take a walk along the Sabarmati River. If you think the above description is a case of an imagination gone wild, you are wrong. For, such a structure may actually come up in Ahmedabad if everything goes as per the plan of the civic body. The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) will soon erect a modern day landmark a rotating tower near the Sabarmati Riverfront Project, its most ambitious urban planning project. Senior officials in the AMC, who were earlier divided over the issue of location, finally seem to have zeroed in on the Sabarmati Riverfront. Earlier, the officials were considering Kankaria Lake premise and Science City as potential sites for setting up the structure. The need for large open space that showcases the beauty of the structure is what worked in the Sabarmati Riverfront's favour."We have near the Subhash bridge where there is open space and no tall buildings nearby. We will soon finalise the details," said a senior AMC official. If buzz in the civic body is to be believed, the final decision on the location - like other major decisions - has been left to chief minister Narendra Modi.The AMC officials have been asked to prepare a presentation on how the structure will look like from all the three available space on riverfront. The project will take around six to eight months to be completed. The blocks will be constructed in a way so that they can move freely on a rotational axis to change the shape of the tower according to the different angles of rotation of each block. The tower will have six structural blocks with stainless steel cladding and will use thrust bearings to transmit loads and robotic movements between adjacent blocks. City-based premier institute National
Institute of Design (NID) and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, have worked on the details of this project and had submitted a feasibility report to the civic body.
identified three locations at the Sabarmati Riverfront project. The most suitable place is
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'Riverfront a social uplift project'

DNA India 2010-01-04
The Sabarmati Riverfront Development Corporation Ltd (SRFDCL) on Sunday played host to members and office-bearers of Gujarat Chamber of Commerce and Industry (GCCI) at the riverfront. The idea was to keep the key trade body posted about the importance and progress of the ambitious project. The chamber delegation included its president Rupesh Shah and other members.
The Hindu
Sabarmati river front body gets PM's award
Our Bureau
NEW DELHI, April 11 THE Sabarmati River Front Development Corporation has bagged the Prime Minister's award for excellence in urban planning and design for cleaning up the river and getting water to the nearly dry river in Ahmedabad. The JVSL township in Bellary has also bagged the prestigious award in a different category. The Sabarmati River Front Development Corporation has bagged the first prize for innovative ideas, concepts and plans where the projects are still in the pipeline or at implementation stage. The award was for year 1998-99, an official release said here on Friday. The corporation has successfully carried out a scheme to clean up the Sabarmati riverfront in Ahmedabad and recently restored health to the highly polluted river that had been reduced to a mere trickle. The Prime Minister's award for urban planning and design projects signifying exceptional quality went to Mr Gerard De Cunha of Architecture Autonomous, Goa, for the JVSL Township at Bellary. The second prize in the category went to City and Industrial Development Corporation, Navi Mumbai, for developing the Agriculture Produce Marketing Complex in the city. The awards are given out biennially and aim to reward highly successful and promising innovations in urban planning and design in order to improve functional performance of cities and their quality of l
Computer allots houses in Ahmedabad, Muslims & Hindus say 'unsafe

Fri, Feb 19 02:57 AM It was a random draw of lots for houses to resettle some 8,000 families but in deeply polarised Gujarat, this computer-generated allotment has had Hindus and Muslims writing to authorities, each community saying they don't wish to live in an area dominated by the other and, therefore, 'communally unsafe'. Hindus and Muslims are calling for reallotment of houses in areas where they say they will be secure. But the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC), which went in for a random draw to relocate evacuees of the Sabarmati River Front project under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), doesn't want to get involvedthe AMC says Hindu and Muslim allottees may exchange the allotted homes among themselves if they feel insecure. These specially-built houses were allotted in the southern suburbs of Vivekanand Mills, Isanpur, Narol Gam and Maninagar, constituency of chief minister Narendra Modi, to Hindu and Muslim families displaced from the riverside of Khanpur, Jamalpur and Raikhad areas because of the Sabarmati River Front project. The new locations are among the areas which witnessed violence during the 2002 riots. The computer allotted all houses without looking up religions, mixing Hindus and Muslims. The Muslim evacuees say they want to move to the Muslim-dominated Vatva area while the Hindus want to move to Hindu-held Vadaj. Both sides have approached the AMC top brass, seeking fresh allotment. Petitions have also been sent to the chief minister, seeking his intervention. Rafiq Pathan, who is with the Vatva-based Muslim outfit Qutub Nav-Yuva Committee and is one of the petitioners, said that after the draw of lots, many people approached AMC officials to get locations changed but they were told to accept whatever had been allotted. "If this goes on, we will have to seek court intervention because the allotment pattern does not guarantee any safety in case of communal trouble," Pathan said. Captain Dilip Mahajan, AMC deputy municipal commissioner, said the computer draw was done on court directions and once the process is completed, "a report will be submitted to the court". He said it was not possible to meet the demand completely. "Hindu families are demanding resettlement in Vadaj area but that cannot be done because there are no such schemes in that area. As for Muslims, we have allotted two full blocks (of 16 houses each) along with other blocks meant for Hindus in Isanpur area," Mahajan said. A letter sent by Pathan, on behalf of the Muslim allottees, to the chief minister, and among others, urban development minister Nitin Patel and municipal commissioner IP Gautam stated: "Muslim evacuees have been allotted houses in government accommodation of Maninagar and Isanpur, which are majority dominated areas. It is very likely that adverse consequences will follow if Muslim evacuees are settled there because in that case their life and property will stand exposed to danger in case of any man-made crisis. Hindu brethren also share similar sentiments about such allotments in their case." Tanvir A Siddiqui
Sabarmati Riverfront
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Conclusion
On the basis of tentative analysis, which is based on the facts and figures we got from various source (mentioned & verified), we can confidently say that the project is designed to serve the city. It is filled with a lot of optimism. It has been successful in generating a feel good factor amongst the people in city. It is a dynamic project which has many positive impacts on the society but the critical part is always something crucial to any good design. We cannot totally depend on trial and error. If god hail, some fault occurs in the design we cannot give ignorance as a reason for it. We need to think over every critical aspect pertaining to the project and act responsibly. . Sabarmati riverfront project promises to rejuvenate ahmedabed as well as river Sabarmati. Overall implication on the ecology and society are optimistic and positive but we cannot undermine the possibility of unexpected environmental changes (which at this point we cannot even anticipate ) and may reverse the paradigm of this project. Some of the issues like stable water management as well as monsoon water back flow into the drainage system are important and genuine but they do not seem to neutralize the overall the importance of the project. Because these issues are still being taken into account and not completely ignored . Even after the completion of this project , this will not be the end of story . this project will always be the standard for the construction of riverfront at least in India as this has been supported by all the governments (state , national ) and political parties . all the engineer and designer across the country will look towards this project with great expectation ;in order to learn about various problems that in faced during the construction and possible solution of the them. This project will also serve as inspiration for developing India which has its own problem that are same as where faced by other developed countries during their growing period and off course, also unique problem of India. It is our humble hope that all the hard work and patience put into this project (now nearly for a decade) will bear its fruit and help this developing city and India to reach its objective. If we are one of the slum dwellers and are told to move out of our home then it wills great impact our day to day life negatively . the pain attached to something which we are used to would be far greater than any kind of overall development done for the greater good to society .hence we as a group really appreciate the people living in slums to be co operating smoothly in this helpless condition.
While preparing this report we have always tried to remain on the neutral side and think as one we are one of the general public of city, reporter and also as good citizens .
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Sabarmati Riverfront has lot of implication on different sections of the society along with its implications on the nature. Stratification on the basis of income group i) If we consider high income strata of the society then this project is not less than a red carpet. This project will provide them wonderful opportunity to establish business or stay there. ii) Middle class pubic a.
It will also be greatly benefited by the project in a sense that it will provide a
lot of public space and easy transport facility.
b.
The increase of cost of the land will actually make the land in that area out of
their budget.
iii) Lower Income Group: a.
It will benefit them because the new 2 bedroom kitchen is like a dream come
true for them
b.
Shift of location will have an impact on their occupation. They will now have
to find their new occupation in the vicinity of rehabilitated region
Stratification on basis of different modes of travelling i) Two wheelers a.
They will have an added advantage because of the fact that the places will be
more accessible and will take lesser time to travel across the Sabarmati river.
ii) Three and four wheelers
a.
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They will also have same benefits as do the two wheelers. 3-4 wheelers used
to have a lot of parking problem in the city but now the development of significant parking spaces will greatly relieve this section.
iii) Heavy Transport a.
This section of transport has to face a certain restriction because the roads
are not declared as highways. It has been thought that the riverfront is basically for public space rather than heavy good transport
Stratification on the basis of Occupation i) Retail sector a.
The conventional retail sector will suffer huge loss due to the coming of new
class of shops in the Riverfront. If I am in ashram road, I will prefer to go to shops in riverfront for both relaxing and shopping.
b. Full-fledged business will have mixed effects. i. ii.
They will get a chance to expand their business in Sabarmati Riverfront If

it doesnt get that opportunity and is quite established in the western part of the city then it will have a negative impact. The reason being the nitche effect. For example, if I am living in Ashram Road, I will prefer to go to malls in Riverfront rather than going to SG highway which used to be my previous destination.
ii) Tourism sector: a.
This sector will have a great benefit because a project of such a scale will not
only attract regional public but also tourists round the country.
iii) Civil Sector : a.
This
project will generate a lot of opportunities in terms of creating
infrastructure on the Sabarmati Riverfront. iv) Service sector
56

a. This sector will be benefited in terms of easy transport facility. v) Labor class a.
This project is going to create a source of employment for labors because of

growth of infrastructure in the riverfront.
Politics i) Ruling party a.
It is definitely taking pride of implementing the project. It is popularizing this

project with a hidden intention of showcasing the success of the party in implementing this project.
ii) Opposition Party a.
They are a bit skeptical about the project and demand for further reforms in
project but are in favor of development of Sabarmati Project. This is a project that has captured the imagination of people of Ahmadabad every party will try to take baton.
Ethics i) Gandhian View : a.
This section of people thinks that most of the benefit of the project will go to
higher business class. This project will further strengthen the fact that modernity is much advanced and superior to traditional approach. People are losing their identity at fast pace.
ii) Other View a.
This project will create more and more employment opportunities. I met one
person on a bus stand who told me about that when He was young the struggle he had done to get a job opportunity was immense, in fact I was a lone engineer in my village but now due to development in city it is easy to get job.
Environment i) Aquaculture a. The project will promote and enhance the aquatic biodiversity of the River ii) Birds a. They will find their new habitats in the garden trees. iii) Trees a. this will increase of oxygen contain of the polluted air in the city and also increase the public greenery of the overall environment.
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References:L.0 NIH,Roorkee report L.1 SRFDCL, Ahmedabad L.2 - http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sabarmati-riverfront-project-may-wipe-out-hi/527813/ L4- HTTP://WWW.SPRINGERLINK.COM/CONTENT/1GG75G1W2L060045/ L5- http://birdhabitats.suite101.com/article.cfm/garden_birds_and_transition_zones#ixzz0guo00iYc
L6- http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/html/what/what1.html L7- TNN, Arun Bapat

L8-http://www.indianexpress.com/news/displaced-from-sabarmati-bank-artisans-find-no-takers-for-trade/560251/2
L9-http://www.sabarmatiriverfront.com/proposals.html
1. Many facts have been taken from the official video that is released by the SRFDCL for communicating the informing about the project to the general public about this project and the positive impacts. 2. Official report submitted by the IIT Roorkee ,have been consulted and the appropriate data have been included at due places in the report .

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Sabarmati Riverfront Project

Sabarmati Riverfront Project.

EVS Group Report

Environmental Science Report

Sabarmati Riverfront Project

8) 9) 10) 11) 12)

Environmental Science Report

Ancient societies which arose in Mesopotamia and Egypt in

Sabarmati Riverfront Project

Environmental Science Report

Premature state of Ideas for development of Sabarmati riverfront

Sabarmati Riverfront Project

Environmental Science Report

Sabarmati Riverfront Project

Environmental Science Report

Information pertaining to the city basin

Sabarmati Riverfront Project

Facts about Sabarmati river:-L.0

The cultivable area of the basin is about 1.55 M-ha

Drainage Area of Name of State the Basin

Drainage area (in Km2)

Gujarat 17,550 Rajasthan Topography 4,124

Environmental Science Report

Water Utilization Surface Water Utilization

Sabarmati Riverfront Project

Data related to SRFDCL Project:-L.1

Environmental Science Report

STRECH 1 2 3 4 5&6 7 8 9&10

STATUS @ completion @ completion @ completion @ completion @ completion Started Started in progress

DIAPHRAGM WALL & ANCHOR SLAB

Description Earth filling Diaphragm wall Anchor Slab

Unit CMT RMT RMT

Quantity 665000 2065 1797

% work done 88.88 100.00 100.00

Description Earth filling

% work done 97.12

Sabarmati Riverfront Project

Description Earth filling Diaphragm wall Anchor Slab

Unit CMT RMT RMT

Quantity 200000 2176 1968

% work done 89.92 100.00 100.00

Description Earth filling Diaphragm wall Anchor Slab

Unit CMT RMT RMT

Quantity 200000 1974 1724

% work done 80.20 100.00 100.00

Description Earth filling Diaphragm wall Anchor Slab

Unit CMT RMT RMT

Quantity 947000 2525 2248

% work done 86.45 100.00 97.60

Description Earth filling Diaphragm wall Anchor Slab

Unit CMT RMT RMT

Quantity 495362 3000 3000

% work done 57.63 23.20 0.00

Environmental Science Report

Description Earth filling Diaphragm wall Anchor Slab

Unit CMT RMT RMT

Quantity 424352 3000 3000

% work done 28.85 3.20 0.00

% work done 40.98

% work done 37.15

SabarmatiDisplaced from Sabarmati Riverfront Project 17 Displacement Issues

Environmental Science Report

Computer allots houses in Ahmedabad, Muslims & Hindus say 'unsafe