Bar and billet

Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205

S-8702-ENG October 2000 Cancels all previous editions

Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 is a duplex stainless steel (austenitic-ferritic) characterised by: high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride-bearing environments high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in environments containing hydrogen sulphide high resistance to general corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion high mechanical strength roughly twice the proof strength of austenitic stainless steels excellent machinability good hot-working properties high resistance to erosion corrosion and corrosion fatigue physical properties that offer design advantages good weldability
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (NOMINAL), %
C max. Si max. Mn max. P max. S max. Cr Ni Mo N

Lengths Bars are delivered in random lengths of 3-7 m, depending on diameter. Straightness
Diameter mm Height of arch, mm/m Typical value

0.030

1.0

2.0

0.030

0.015

22

5.5

3.2

0.18

STANDARDS
Product standards
Bars and shapes

ASTM A479, A276 EN 10088-3

Billets

20-70 <70

1 2

Tolerances, mm-sizes
Diameter, mm Tolerances, mm

EN 10088-3 Type of steel UNS S31803, S32205 EN 1.4462 W.-Nr. 1.4462 EN X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 3

CERTIFICATE
Status according to EN 10204/3.1.B

20- 35 40- 45 50- 70 75- 95 100-200 290-350 360-500

-0/+0.15 -0/+0.16 -0/+0.19 -0/+1.00 -0/+1.50 -0/+2.00 -0/+3.00

Surface conditions

FORMS OF SUPPLY, BAR

Finishes and dimensions Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 bar steel is stocked in a large number of sizes. The standard size range for stock comprises 20-200 mm, see product handbook S-02909. Sizes 200-450 mm are offered on request. Round bar is supplied in solution annealed and water quenched condition. The surface is peeled turned and polished.

Surface conditions

Ra, m Typical value

Size, mm

Peeled and polished Peel turned Rough turned

1 2 5

20-300 >300 >350

FORMS OF SUPPLY, BILLETS

Round-cornered square as well as round billets are produced in sizes 80-450 mm. Square billets are supplied in unground, spot ground or fully ground condition and round billets in peeled turned condition. Square billets in sizes 80, 100, 125, 150, 195, 250 and 350 mm in fully ground condition can be supplied from stock. Lengths Square billets are delivered in random lengths of 3-6 m, depending on size. Round billets are delivered in random lengths of 3-8 m, depending on diameter. Tolerances
Square billets Sizes, mm Tolerances, mm

Imperial units Proof strength Rp1.0a) Rp0.2a) ksi ksi min. min. Tensile strength Rm ksi Elong. Ab) % min. HB

approx.

65
a)

73

96-125

25

270

1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 Rp0.2 and Rp1.0 correspond to 0.2% offset and 1.0% offset yield strength, respectively. b) Based on L = 5.65S , where L is the original gauge length and 0 0 0 S0 the original cross-section area.

80, 92 100, 114, 126 150, 160, 180, 195 200-450

+/-2 +/-3 +/-4 +/-5

Sizes and tolerances apply to rolled/forged condition.

Round billets Sizes, mm Tolerances, mm

80-450 mm

+/-1 mm

Sizes and tolerances apply to peel turned condition.

Surface conditions
Square billets

Unground, spotground or fully ground condition.

Round billets

Peel turned condition

Fig. 1 Comparison of proof strength, 0.2% offset, of Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205, high alloy austenitics and other grades, for material in the solution-annealed and quenched condition.

Other products Seamless tube and pipe Welded tube and pipe Fittings and flanges Wire electrodes and filler wire/rods Covered electrodes Strip electrodes and flux for surfacing Strip, annealed or cold-rolled to different degrees of hardness Plate, sheet and wide strip Forged products Cast products

Impact strength Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 possesses good impact strength both at room temperature and at low temperatures. Fig. 2 shows typical impact energy values for Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 bars in different sizes at -46C (-50F). The values apply for standard Charpy-V specimens (10 x 10 mm, 0.39 x 0.39 inch) taken in the longitudinal direction of the bar. For dimensions larger than 260 mm (6.3 inch) the impact strength is somewhat lower. Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 bar stock programme guarantees an impact strength of 70 J (52 ft lb) at -46C (-50F).

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
The following values apply to material in the quench-annealed condition. More detailed information can be supplied on request. At 20C (68F)
Metric units Proof strength Rp1.0a) Rp0.2a) MPa MPa min. min. Tensile strength Rm MPa Elong. Ab) % min. HB

approx.

450

500

660-860

25

270

Impact strength, J
400

1 J = 0.74 ft.lb

300

200

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 (0.8) (1.6) (2.4) (3.2) (3.9) (4.7) (5.5) (6.3) (7.1) (7.9) (8.7) (9.5) (10.2)

Fig. 3 Thermal expansion, per C (30-100C).

Dimension, mm (inch) Fig. 2 Typical impact strength values for SANMAC SAF 2205 bar at -46C (-50F).

CORROSION RESISTANCE
General corrosion In most media, Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 possesses better resistance to general corrosion than steel of type AISI 316L and 317L. Impurities that increase corrosivity are often present in process solutions of acids. If there is a risk of active corrosion, higher-alloyed austenitic stainless steels should be chosen, e.g. Sandvik 2RK65 or Sandvik Sanicro 28. Intergranular corrosion Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 easily pass intergranular corrosion testing according to ASTM A262 Practice E (Strauss' test). Erosion corrosion Steels of the AISI 316 type are attacked by erosion corrosion if exposed to flowing media containing highly abrasive solid par ticles, e.g. sand, or to media with very high flow velocities. Owing to its combination of high hardness and good corrosion resistance, Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 displays very good resistance under such conditions. Pitting and crevice corrosion The pitting and crevice corrosion resistance of a steel is determined primarily by its chromium and molybdenum contents, but also by its nitrogen content as well as its slag composition and slag content. A parameter for comparing the resistance of different steels to pitting is the PRE number (Pitting Resistance Equivalent).

At high temperatures If Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 is exposed for prolonged periods to temperatures exceeding 300C (570F), the microstructure of the material undergoes changes which, in connection with Charpy impact testing, at room temperature manifest themselves as a reduction in toughness. This effect does not necessarily affect the behaviour of the material at the operating temperature.
Temperature C Proof strength Rp0.2 MPa min. Temperature F Proof strength Rp0.2 ksi min.

100 150 200 250

360 335 315 300

200 300 400 500

52 49 46 44

MICROSTRUCTURE
In the quench-annealed condition Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 has an austenitic-ferritic microstructure, which is free from grain-boundary carbides and intermetallic phases. The ferrite content is 40 60%.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
At 20C (68F) Density ...................................................7.8 g/cm3, 0.28 lb/in3 Modulus of elasticity .....................200x103 MPa, 29x103 ksi Specific heat capacity .................480 J/kg C, 0.11 Btu/lb F Thermal conductivity ......................14 W/m C, 8 Btu/ft h F Thermal expansion at 30 - 100 C (86 - 212 F) ....13.0x10-6 per C, 7.0x10-6 per F Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 has a far lower coefficient of thermal expansion than austenitic stainless steels and can therefore possess certain design advantages.

1.0

Fig. 5 Resistance to stress corrosion cracking, laboratory results. Fig. 4 Critical pitting temperatures (CPT) for Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205, AISI 304 and AISI 316 at varying concentrations of sodium chloride (potentiostatic determination at +300 mV SCE), pH 6.0.

The PRE is defined as, in weight-%: PRE = % Cr + 3.3 x % Mo + 16 x % N The PRE number for Sandvik SAF 2205 and some compared materials are given in the following table.
Alloy % Cr % Mo %N PRE

Corrosion fatigue Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 possesses higher strength and better corrosion resistance than ordinary austenitic stainless steels. Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 therefore also possesses better fatigue strength under corrosive conditions than such steels.

HOT WORKING
SANMAC SAF 2205 Alloy 825 AISI 317L AISI 316L

22 21.5 18 17

3.2 3.0 3.5 2.2

0.18

>35 31 30 24

The ranking given by the PRE number has been confirmed in laboratory tests. This ranking can generally be used to predict the performance of an alloy in chloride containing environments. Laboratory determinations of critical temperature for initiation of pitting (CPT) at different chloride contents are shown in fig. 4. The chosen testing conditions have yielded results that agree well with practical experience. Thus, Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 can be used at considerably higher temperatures and chloride contents than AISI 304 and AISI 316 without pitting occurring. Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 is therefore far more serviceable in chloride-bearing environments than standard austenitic steels. Stress corrosion cracking The standard austenitic steels of the AISI 304L and AISI 316L types are prone to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in chloridebearing solutions at temperatures above 60C (140F). Duplex stainless steels are far less prone to this type of corrosion. Laboratory tests have shown the good resistance to stress corrosion cracking of Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205. Results from these tests are presented in fig. 5. The diagram indicates the temperature-chloride range within which Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 and the standard steels AISI 304L and AISI 316L can be used without a risk of stress corrosion cracking.

Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 is ductile at higher temperatures. The deformation resistance increases with decreasing temperature, and hot working should therefore be carried out at a material temperature of 975 1270C (1787 2318F). If the temperature falls below 950C during hot working there is a risk for sigma phase formation, and the material must therefore be reheated. Hot working of Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 should be followed by quench annealing in accordance with the recommendations given for heat treatment.

HEAT TREATMENT
Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 stock programme bars are delivered in solution heat-treated and quenched condition. Billets are normally delivered in hot-worked and air-cooled condition, but can be solution heat-treated and quenched when demanded. If additional heat treatment is needed after further processing, the following is recommended: Annealing at 1040 1100C (1900 2010F) followed by quenching.

WELDING
The weldability of Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 is good. Suitable welding methods are manual metal-arc welding with covered electrodes or gas-shielded arc welding. Welding should be undertaken within the heat input range 0.5 2.5 kJ/mm. Max. interpass temperature is 250C (482F). Preheating or post-weld heat treat-ment is normally not necessary. Matching filler metals are recommended in order to obtain a weld metal with optimum corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. For gas-shielded arc welding, we recommend Sandvik 22.8.3.L, and for manual metal-arc welding the covered electrode Sandvik 22.9.3.LR. Flux cored wire 22.9.3.LT is also available. These filler metals can also be used for welding SAF 2205 to carbon steels, stainless steels and nickel alloys. The covered electrode Sandvik 23.12.2.LR and the welding wire Sandvik 22.15.3.L, both of type AWS 309Mo with low carbon content, can also be used for this purpose.

Recommended insert and cutting data for turning of SANMAC SAF 2205 (starting vaues)
Insert Geo- Grade metry Cutting data Feed Cutting speed mm/rev. in./rev. m/min. ft/min. Application

MF MF MM

GC2025 0.15 GC2025 0.22 GC2035 0.25

0.006 180 0.009 150 0.010 110

590 490 360

Finishing Medium machining Rough machining (roughing at low cutting speeds)

Turning in SANMAC SAF 2205 duplex steel is considerably more demanding than in the SANMAC austenitic material. This is due mainly to the higher strength of SANMAC SAF 2205, as well as its greater tendency to adhere to the tool.

APPLICATIONS
Due to its excellent corrosion properties, Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 is a highly suitable material for service in environments containing chlorides and hydrogen sulphide. The material is suitable for use in production tubing and flowlines for the extraction of oil and gas from sour wells, in refineries and in process solutions contaminated with chlorides. Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 is particularly suitable for heat exchangers where chloride-bearing water or brackish water is used as a cooling medium. The steel is also suitable for use in dilute sulphuric acid solutions and for the handling of organic acids, e.g. acetic acid and mixtures. The high strength of Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 makes the material an attractive alternative to the austenitic steels in structures subjected to heavy loads. The good mechanical and corrosion properties make Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 an economical choice in many applications by reducing the life cycle cost of the equipment. The good machining properties make Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 a superior alternative to standard 2205 grades and other duplex grades for applications subjected to all types of machining by extended tool life and possibilities to increase productivity.

MACHINING
Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 has very good machining properties. In this material machinability has been improved without jeopardising properties such as corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. The non-metallic inclusions in SANMAC steels are of great significance to improved machinability. In addition to sulphides, SANMAC steels contain oxide inclusions, which improve chip breaking and reduce tool wear. Fig. 6 shows the ranges within which you can choose cutting data to obtain a tool life of 7 minutes in the duplex material Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205. The diagram is applicable for short cutting times. For long, continuous cuts, the cutting speeds should be reduced somewhat. The lowest recommended cutting data is determined by the tendency of the material to stick to the insert (built-up edge), although the integrity of insert clamping and the stability of the machine are also of great significance. The machining ranges are limited by different wear mechanisms. Once the type of wear has been determined, the cutting data can be optimised with the aid of the diagram.
Cutting speed, m/min

Plastic deformation + frittering (1)

7 minutes tool life Plastic deformation (2)

Poor chip breaking (1, 2) Plastic deformation + frittering (1, 2)

Frittering + built-up edge (2)

Feed, mm/rev.

Fig. 6 Cutting data recommendations for SANMAC SAF 2205. GC 2025 and GC 2035 refer to Sandvik Coromant cemented-carbide insert grades.

FURTHER INFORMATION
For further information the following printed matter can be ordered from your nearest Sandvik office. General information S-029-ENG Stainless steels and cutting tools for better machining (Brochure) S-02909-ENG SANMAC solid and hollow bar (product handbook) S-030-ENG Semifinished products (Brochure) S-0301-ENG Billets for forgings (Brochure) S-110-ENG Pipe tube hollow bar, seamless standard programme in stainless (Brochure) S-120-ENG Duplex stainless steels fighting corrosion worldwide (Brochure) S-1874-ENG Sandvik SAF 2205 Duplex stainless steel (Data sheet) S-33-38-ENG LCC calculations and design examples for duplex stainless steels (Lecture) S-51-51-ENG Duplex stainless steels for demanding applications (Lecture) S-51-52-ENG LCC examples Sandvik's stainless steel tubing (Lecture) S-51-53-ENG The Sandvik Duplex Family of stainless steels. Summary of data (Lecture) S-51-54-ENG Physical metallurgy and some characteristic properties of the Sandvik duplex stainless steels (Lecture) Mechanical properties S-32-27-ENG Applicability of duplex stainless steels above 300C (Lecture) S-32-30-ENG Mechanical properties of Sandvik duplex stainless steels (Lecture) Corrosion S-33-43-ENG Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking of duplex stainless steel. Models, test methods and experience (Lecture) S-33-46-ENG Corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels in organic acids (Lecture) S-33-47-ENG Corrosion properties of duplex stainless steels. General corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion (Lecture) S-51-32-ENG SCC resistance of stainless steels laboratory data vs practical experience (Lecture) Fabrication S-51-33-ENG Fabricating ferritic-austenitic stainless steels (Lecture) S-51-39-ENG Fabrication and practical experience of duplex stainless steels (Lecture) Welding S-1252-ENG Your guide to easy welding of duplex stainless steel (Brochure) S-91-45-ENG Influence of different welding conditions on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Sandvik SAF 2205 (UNS S31803) (Lecture)

S-91-57-ENG Welding practice for the Sandvik duplex stainless steels SAF 2304, SAF 2205 and SAF 2507 (Lecture) Machinability S-0291-ENG Cutting data for stainless steel (Brochure) S-51-47-ENG Machinability of duplex stainless steel (Lecture) S-51-48-ENG Machining charts for stainless steel (Lecture) Process industry S-12136-ENG Tough stuff for heat exchangers (Brochure) S-51-55-ENG Applications of duplex stainless steels in the chemical and petrochemical industry (Lecture) S-52-83-ENG Stainless steels for eliminating chlorideinduced corrosion in ammonia/urea plants (Lecture) S-52-85-ENG Duplex stainless steels in the chemical industry (Lecture) Oil & gas S-13323-ENG Engineering diagram Sanicro 28-110, Sanicro 28-130, SAF 2205-130 (Brochure) S-13324-ENG Effect of pH on the applicability of Sandvik SAF 2205 (Brochure) S-13325-ENG SCC resistance in H2S / chloride environments of Sandvik SAF 2205 (Brochure) S-133-ENG Stainless steel products for oil and gas production (Brochure) S-134-ENG Specialty stainless steels in oil refineries (Brochure) S-252-ENG Wirelines (Brochure) S-33-44-ENG Testing and selection of duplex stainless steels for sour environments (Lecture) S-33-45-ENG Hydrogen embrittlement of duplex stainless steels in connexion with cathodic protection (Lecture) S-58-10-ENG The applicability of duplex stainless steels in sour environments (Lecture) S-58-11-ENG Coated duplex pipes for TOGI project (Lecture) Pulp & paper S-54-23-ENG High-strength stainless steels and composite tubes for the pulp and paper industry (Lecture) Reference lists S-12911-ENG Sandvik SAF 2205 The traditional duplex stainless steel S-13332-ENG Sandvik SAF 2205 References for the oil & gas industry, downhole applications S-13334-ENG Sandvik Sanicro 28 and SAF 22Cr. References for the oil & gas industry, downhole applications
Production: Sanmedia/Sandvikens Tryckeri AB, Sweden

Sandvik, SANMAC, SAF 2205 and Sanicro are trademarks owned by Sandvik AB. Recommendations are for guidance only, and the suitability of a material for a specific application can be confirmed only when we know the actual service conditions. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without notice.

S-8702-ENG October 2000

AB Sandvik Steel, SE-811 81 Sandviken, Sweden, Phone +46 26-26 30 00 www.steel.sandvik.com