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TheLeadersGuidetoManagingWorkplaceStress
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The Leaders Guide to Managing Workplace Stress. Copyright 2010 by Profiles International. Printed and bound in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No part of the report may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems without written permission from the publisher. Publisher Profiles Research Institute Dario Priolo, Managing Director 5205 Lake Shore Drive Waco, Texas 76710-1732 Profiles International (800) 960-9612 www.profilesinternational.com
Acknowledgements CEO, Co-founder, Profiles International: Jim Sirbasku President, Co-founder, Profiles International: Bud Haney Editor-in-Chief: Dario Priolo Managing Editor: Carrie D. Martinez Assistant Editor: Natalie Hefner Creative Director: Kelley Taylor
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ImportantDefinitions
Stress iscommonlyusedtodescribetheexternalexposures,pressuresanddemands thatweface;thecopingmechanismsthatweusetodealwiththem;andthe consequencesofourcopingmechanisms.Furthermore,jobstresscanbedefinedas theharmfulphysicalandemotionalresponsesthatoccurwhentherequirementsofthe jobdonotmatchthecapabilities,resourcesorneedsoftheworker.Toavoidconfusion, thetermstresswillbeusedastheoveralldescriptor,whilestressoranddistress refertothecauses(exposures,input),responsesandoutcomes(effects,outputs), respectively. Stressor referstopressures,challengesordemandsthatproduceadaptionresponses. Stressorsareknowntohavethepotentialtocausedistressandhealthproblems. Distress referstonegativeemotional,behavioralorphysicalreactions.
FoundationforIntegrated ResearchinMentalHealth
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Whileresearchonjobstresshasgreatlyexpandedinrecentyears,confusion remainsaboutthecause,effects,andpreventionofworkrelatedstressors.
Stressors areubiquitousforallofus.Exposuretostressorscanbebothworkrelatedandnon workrelated.Itisimportanttorealizethatstressorscanhavecumulativeeffects,andthat simultaneousexposuretomultiplestressorswithoutsufficientrecoverytimecanleadtoan individualsincreasedvulnerability. Stressorsareinteractiveandinterdependent,animportantfactthatmustberecognized.While thisdocumentdealswithworkrelatedstressors,keepinmindthatdistressresultingfromnon workrelatedcausesisquitecommonandimpactstheindividualsworkplace.Conversely, distress resultingfromworkrelatedcauseswillimpactanindividualslifeoutsideofthework environment. Did you know? Stress is linked to the six leading causes of death heart disease, cancer, lung ailments, cirrhosis of the liver and suicide. AmericanPsychologicalAssociation,2005
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*AmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)
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Did you know? Withinanyoccupationtheremaybea multitudeofstressors,andeach employeewillrespondinadifferent waytoeachstressor. Typicalexamplesofworkrelated stressorsinclude: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. lackofcontrol time/deadlinepressure poorrelationships excessivetravel lackofconsultation/communication workoverload understaffing organizationalchange threatofredundancy
Occupationalstressorsaremoredifficulttoassessthanotherhealth&safety hazards.
Businessesthatareconcernedaboutpromotingthehealthandsafetyoftheiremployeesmustassess andmanageanybusinessrelatedrisksthatmayaffectthathealthandsafety.Occupationalstressors anddistressseemtobemoredifficulttoassessthanotherhealthandsafetyhazards.Itisessential, therefore,thatweapplythesamerigorinassessingandmanagingworkplacedistresshazardsthat wedoforallhealthandsafetyrisks. Allpartieswithinanorganizationshouldbeawareoftheneedtoaddresspotentialhealthrelated problemsintheworkplace: Thecompanyisnormallyconsideredtobeaccountablefortakingreasonablypracticableactions toreducerisks,thusensuringthatworkactivitydoesnotadverselyimpactthehealthofstaff. Supervisorsareresponsibleforassistingemployeesinmaintainingahealthfulworkenvironment. Thisincludeslookingathowworkisorganized,beingvigilantregardingemployeevulnerabilities andseeingiftherearewaystorelievepressuresothatitdoesnotbecomeexcessive.Inaddition, itisimportanttochecktoseeifothersareimpactedbychangesinteamdynamics.Supervisors shouldbeawareofavailableresourcestowhichtheycanpointemployeeswhomayneed assistanceindealingwithstress. Individualsareresponsiblefornotifyingtheirsupervisorsofanyissuesrelatedtotheirown perceivedstress,orstressthattheyobserveinothers.Thisrequiresapartnershipbetweenthe individualandthesupervisorbasedonhonestyandtrust.Individualsshouldalsofamiliarize themselveswithavailableresourcesandsupport.
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Emotional
confusion lossofsenseofproportion lackofconfidence forgetfulness mentalblock lackofenthusiasm feelingvictimized negativity depression
Intellectual
lackofconcentration&focus missingthepoint unabletomakedecisions/plans cantseetheforestforthetrees shortonideas thinkingaboutthepastallthe time decreasedworkperformance misseddeadlines
Social
moreaccidents carelessness overreacting angryoutbursts cantkeepstillorsettledown confusedspeech withdrawingfrompeopleand events aggressivedriving
Physical
perspiring lookingflushed increaseddependenceon smoking,drinkingordrugs eatingtoomuchortoolittle clumsiness minorailments,headaches insomnia
*NationalInstituteofforOccupationalSafetyandHealth DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.99101
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NearlyonehalfoflargecompaniesintheUnitedStatesprovidesometypeof stressmanagementtrainingfortheirworkforces.*
Mostofthethingsthatasupervisorcandotominimizeorpreventdistressareproductsofgood management.Itisimportanttobeawareofanypressuresthatmightnegativelyimpactany individual,andtointervenebeforeanybodycomestoharm. Goodmanagementpracticesinclude: Learningaboutwhatcausesdistressintheworkplace,workingactivelytoimprovethe workingenvironmentandminimizingstressorswithinyourcontrol. Findingoutwhetherdistresscouldbeaproblemforindividualsinyourworkgroupby implementingasystematicassessment. Workingtoeliminateormanageinternalissuesthatareaffectingstaff. Understandingonesownphysiologicalresponsetostressorsandworkingtoadopta proactivestance. Did you know? The Wall Street Journal reported that one third of people surveyed considered quitting their jobs because of stress and 14 % actually did.
*NationalInstituteofforOccupationalSafetyandHealth DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.99101
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1 4
in
workershavetakena mentalhealthdayoff fromworktocopewith stress APASurvey,2004
Listentotheindividual. Talkwiththeemployeeaboutanythingintheworkplacethatiscontributingto thedistress.Donottrytosolvenonworkrelatedissues,butbeopenandsupportive.Recognizethat nonworkproblemscanmakeitdifficultforpeopletocopewiththepressuresofwork.Itisina supervisorsbestinteresttoremainunderstanding. ConsiderconsultingHumanResources(HR)theymaybeabletohelpdependinguponthesituation. Dependingontheissue,youmaydecidetorefertheindividualdirectlytoOccupationalHealth.They willmakeamedicalassessmentandgiveprofessionalhealthadvicetotheindividual.Whendeciding whethertorefersomeonetoOccupationalHealth,itisimportanttoconsiderthefollowingtwooptions: 1. Iftheissueisminororifyoufeelthattheindividualwouldreceiverealbenefitsuggesttothe individualthatheconsiderconsultingwithMedical/OccupationalHealthstaff. 2. Iftheissueisabsencerelated,ifhealthcareisrequiredorifthepersonstatesthatthecauseis workrelated,thenmakeaformalreferraltoMedical/OccupationalHealth.
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