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Visual Communication is the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that ca n be read or viewed.

Visual means of communication are most convincing and appealing.diagrams,maps, g raphs and other pictorial methods of displaying the data can better convey the m essage. IMPORTANCE: 1. Gives a bird's eyeview of the entire data. 2. Visual communication is more attracting. 3. Diagrams and graphs have a great memorising value 4. Quick and accurate comparisons of data. 5. more impressive to laymen LIMITATIONS 1. Limited amount of information 2.cannot present qualitative facts 3.diagrams and graphs can be easily misinterpreted NATURE AND TYPES of GRAPHS: 1. line graph- simplest to understand, easiest to make and most adaptable to sev eral uses. 2.bar graph- radily understood even by laymen. 3.Z-Graph- used for internal business purposes. DIAGRAM: generally constructed on a plain paper, does not show mathematical rela tionship between two variables, more attractive so better suited for publicity, of little use for research and analysis. While constructing diagrams, the following GENERAL RULES should be observed: i) TITLE ii) PROPORTION BETWEEN WIDTH AND HEIGHT iii) SELECTION OF SCALE iv) FOOTNOTES v) INDEX vi) NEATNESS vii) SIMPLICITY NATURE AND TYPES OF DIAGRAM:

* PIE DIAGRAM- popular foe showing percentage breakdowns * PICTOGRAMS- depict the required data in a simple way; useful in presenting dat a to a layman; popular in fairs and exhibition. * HISTOGRAM- most widely used FLOW CHART: A flow chart is a step by step diagrammatic or pictorial presentatio n of a plan of solution of a problem. Flow charts are particularly useful for documen ting a programme. ( any other definition whic h is not in the book) Advantages: i. communication ii. quicker grasp of relationships iii. effective analysis iv. effective synthesis v. proper programme documentation vi. effective coding vii.orderly debugging and testing of programmes viii. efficient programme maintenance LIMITATIONS: i. complex logic ii. alterations and modifications iii. reproduction iv. no uniform practice v. link between conditions and actions vi.standardisation vi.no obvious mechanisms TABLES: A table is a systematic arrangement of statistical data in columns and r ows.its one of the simplest and widely used devices for summarising and presenti ng them in a meaningful way in the statistical table. Main parts of a STATISTICAL TABLE: i. table number ii. title iii. caption iv.stub v. body

vi headnote vii. footnotes Tables may be broadly classified into two categories: i. simple and complex tables: a) in a SIMPLE TABLE only one characteristic is sh own.therefore it is also known as " one way table". b) in a COMPLEX TABLE two or more characteristics are shown;full information can be given and all related facts can be considered.it is also known as a "two way table". When three characteristics are shown it is called TRIPLE TABULATION. ii. general and special purpose tables:

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