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IV B.Tech, dept of chemical engineering ,M V G R College of engg.., E-mail: triveni_chandrika@yahoo.com III B. Tech, dept of chemical engineering ,M V G R College of engg.., E-mail: deepthi15_ptnk@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: The need for efficient plastic waste disposal introduced new technologies for plastic waste treatment. Among the various technologies available, pyrolysis appears to be a technique that is able to reduce a bulky high polluting waste while producing energy and/or valuable chemical compounds. In this paper, pyrolysis of plastic wastes with and without the use of catalysts and example of one commercial technology in use today is discussed in detail. The yields of oil and plastic monomers from each technology are compared. At the end, the future prospects for this technology are presented and Indias progress in developing innovative technologies for plastic recycling is briefly mentioned. INTRODUCTION:
The need for the biodegradable plastics and recovery of plastic waste has assumed increasing importance in the last few years. Various treatment technologies can use waste plastics as the valuable resources. Mechanical recycling or production using the same material can be recommended as a desired method. But chemical recycling technologies are the objects of interest today, as alternatives for the mechanical recycling techniques.
SOME ECO-FRIENDLY ASPECTS OF PLASTICS Energy efficient manufacturing, 50% lower energy consumption and 35% less pollution generation compared to paper manufacturing. Light weight product. Energy saving applications, such as home insulation and in automobile manufacturing. Conservation of natural resources. Prevent generation of methane and CO2.
TYPES OF PLASTIC WASTE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Types of waste Non-recoverable plastics strategies source reduction Degradation in environment Land filling and composting Recoverable plastics reduction and recycling Incineration Feed stock recovery Energy recovery The process steps include: 1. Pretreatment, 2. Liquefaction, 3.Pyrolysis, 4. Co-processing, 5. Hydrocracking. Among all these technologies, pyrolysis may be favorably used for oil and monomer recovery from waste plastics.
Pyrolysis:
Plastic waste S odium carbonate Hydrogenate tower
C l2
Cl2
Reactor
scrubber
Vent gas
are relatively heavy in nature. However, hydroprocessing at relatively low hydrogen pressures (200500psiag) at 430-450 degrees centigrade either thermally or catalytically converts them into a much lighter product. Sodium carbonate or lime addition to the pyrolysis and coprocessing reactors results into an effective chlorine capture and the chlorine content of pyrolysis oil reduces to about 50-200ppm and that of the hydroprocessed oils to 1-10ppm. The volatile product from this process is scrubbed and condensed yielding about 10-15%gas and 75-80% of a relatively heavy oil product.
SilicaAlumina 87 13 6.69
The setup of the pyrolysis batch reactor is shown in Figure 1. The mechanical agitator was installed in the batch type reactor wrapped around with electric heater for controlling the pyrolysis temperature of waste plastic. The organic vapor pyrolyzed from waste plastics can pass the catalytic cracker bed or not when catalyst is charged with waste plastics in the reactor. After that, the vapor is discharged through 1st and 2nd condenser for product oil conversion. These two condensers are maintained at different temperatures, 70 and 10. Pyrolysis oil collected from each condenser was analyzed by SIMDIS GC to investigate the catalytic properties and the pyrolysis conditions. The yields of pyrolysis oil from polyethylene and polypropylene were 75 89%
Cleaning
Pyrolysis Reactor
oil
invest on pyrolysis plant is low compared to other technologies. So, this technology may be the beacon light in the future to a world, which is now on the verge of acute fuel shortage.
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oil