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After verbs, we can use a noun, a noun clause beginning with that, an infinitive (with or without to), or an ing form of another verb: I fancy an ice-cream. I admit that I did it. I want to know the truth. I must go now. I feel like dancing.
1.
This is a small group of verbs. The infinitive without to is used: after modal verbs (except ought to) She can play the piano. I must go now. after let + object It is not allowed to let anyone enter this room. I let him go. after make + object She made them work very hard. He always makes me laugh. N.B. The to-infinitive is used after make in the passive (I was made to laugh.) after the following expressions had better would rather (not) would sooner (not) (You had better go now. Du solltest jetzt besser gehen.) (I would rather not go to Italy.) (I would sooner die than tell him the secret.)
after verbs of perception if we perceive the entire action (from start to finish) see I saw him cross the road. hear I heard her sing a song. feel I felt something run down my back. watch I watched the artist draw a portrait. N.B. If we observe only a part of the action, we use the ing form!! I saw him crossing the street. (=He was already in the middle of the street when I saw him.)
See 6.)
2.
Most English verbs are followed by the infinitive with to. Some can be with or without an object depending on meaning: Here are only a few examples of verbs that use this pattern: agree, appear, afford, choose, decide, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, tend, want, wish... Some verbs are followed by an object and the to-infinitive: allow, ask, encourage, expect, invite, order, persuade, remind, teach, tell, want The teacher allowed him to go. I want her to work harder N.B. We do never use want with a that-clause We cannot say *I want that you come.
3.
a preposition MUST always be followed by the gerund: o o o (adjective) + (preposition) + (-ing) He is good at swimming. She was proud of having won the match. (noun) + (preposition) + (-ing) John has no excuse for being late. He had no hope of getting a job. (verb) + (preposition) + (-ing) We are looking forward to seeing you. I apologize for coming late.
after certain expressions: to be busy to be like to be near to to be no good to be no use to be worth He is busy repairing his car. It was like flying. She was near to crying. It is no good spending all your money. Its no use talking to him. He wont listen. This town is really worth visiting.
4.
The following verbs can be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund with no difference in meaning: begin, cant bear, cant stand, continue, hate*, like*, love*, prefer, start It began to rain. / It began raining. I cant bear smoking. / I cant bear to hear that music. * would + hate/like/love is usually followed by the infinitive (Id like to go now.)
5.
We can use some verbs with both the to-infinitive and the gerund but with a change of meaning. The most common of these are: forget, go on, regret, remember, stop, try
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After Nick had called the ambulance, he went on to phone the police.
Nachdem Nick einen Krankenwagen gerufen hatte, rief er als nchstes die Polizei an.
= =
= =
= =
sich daran erinnern, etwas getan zu haben daran denken, etwas zu tun
= =
= =
6.
As mentioned above, verbs of perception (feel see watch hear notice) can be followed by the to-infinitive or the gerund with a difference in meaning. The ing form is used when we are talking of observing part of a complete action in other words, when we start looking, listening etc., the action is already going on and/or will not be completed. When I looked out of the window, I saw Henry crossing the road.
(= Henry was already in the middle of the road when I looked.)
The infinitive is used if we observe the whole action from start to finish I watched the man open a can of beer, pour it into a glass, and drink it in one go. I saw the man cross the river.
(= I saw him leave the one bank and reach the other.)