b*Fvm;EdkifiHodkU jynfESifPfcH&aom tm(&f)um(ef) (ac:) &cdkifbk&if

e&rdwfvS (Samoon Sulaiman Shah)

]] ou&mZf(1404)wGif jynfESif'PfcH&aom tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifbk&if ]e&rdwfvS
(1404-34)} tm; b*Fvm; ]a*:(&f)} bk&ifu aumif;rGefpGm vufcHcJhonf/
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm jynfESif'PfcH&pOf b*Fvm; ]a*:(&f)}bk&ifu ]e&rdwfvS}tm;
b@mawmf qufocJhonf/ tpyxrwGif ]rdk[mar'if} AdkvfcsKyfu ]e&rdwfvS}
udk opmazgufNyD; axmifcscJhaomfvnf; aemufqHk;rSm (1430)ckESpfwGif tm(&f)um(ef)
&cdkifjynf eef;wifay;cJhonf/ Mohamedan Followers (c) tpvmrfbmom0ifwdkUonf
]NrdKUa[mif;} NrdKU ]pmef'Dcg(ef)} AvDudk wnfaqmufcJhonf/}} GE. Harvey
]&mZol(1397-1401)} \om; ]e&rdwfvS}tm; Armrif;u b*Fvm;xH jynfESif'Pf ydkUcJhonf/ ]e&
rdwfvS} onf ]avmif;Muwf} eef;udk (1404)wGif wufcJhonf/ trSefpifppf ]oCFol (1401-1404)} tm;
]e&rdwfvS}\ vdIU0SufBuHpnf yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIwGif yg0ifcJhaom tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynf bkef;BuD;wpfyg;
\bkef;BuD;ausmif;wpfckwGif vkyfBuHowfjzwfcJh&mrS ]e&rdwfvS} ]avmif;Muwf} rif;qufudk qufcHcJh&jcif;
jzpfonf/ ]e&rdwfvS} udk vufcHtm;udk;,HkMunfav;pm;aom ol\0efBuD;rsm;onf ]e&rdwfvS}tay:tvGef
tm;udk;tm;xm;BuD;vmcJhonf/ ]e&rdwfvS}onf eef;wufpOf touf(23)ESpfrQom &Sdao;onf/ ppfa&;ppf&m
tvGefuRrf;usifaom tdrfa&SUrif;om; wpfOD;jzpfcJhonf/ odkU&mwGif ol\tkyfcsKyfa&;,E&m;rsm;udk ol\
vufatmufi,fom;rsm;u jyKjyifajymif;vJay;&ef avQmufxm;aomtcg tvGefpdwfqdk; rausreyfjzpfcJhonf/
xdkUaMumihf trsm;jynfolrsm;onf ]e&rdwfvS} u EdkifiHtkyfcsKyfa&;&mudprsm;tay: pdwf0ifpm;rI enf;yg;ae
onfuwpfaMumif;? *Dwa&;&mESihf trsdK;orD;i,frsm;jzihf aysmf&TifuckefaeonfuwpfaMumif; ponfhtrsdK;rsdK;
aomtusihfqdk;rsm;aMumihf oltkyfcsKyfcJhaom (2)ESpfwmumvtwGif; wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;tay: *krpdkuf?
OayumjyKcJhonfhtjyif w&m;vufvGwfjzpfjcif;ESihf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifwpfjynfvHk;tESHU &mZ0wfrIrsm; xlajym
apcJhonf/
]e&rdwfvS} udk,fonf Oya'rJhaom &ufpufMurf;MuKwfaom? w&m;rQwrIr&Sdaom pepfudkusifhoHk;
aombk&ifjzpfcJhonf/ ]'vuf} NrdKUpm; ]teEodef;} \nDr tdrfaxmifonf ]apmykdk}onf tvGefacsmarm
vSyaom trsdK;orD;wpfOD;jzpfcJhonf/ ]e&rdwfvS}onf ]apmykdk}\ tdrfaxmifonftrsdK;om;ESifh twif;
t"r uGm&Sif;jywfpJap ]apmykdk}tm; armif;rrdoHtjzpf aygif;oif;cJhonf/ ]teEodef;}ESihf 4if;\
taygif;tygwdkUonf ]e&rdwfvS}tay: tvGefpdwfqdk;a'go rausreyfjzpfcJhonf/ ]tif;0}bk&if ]rif;aqG
(rif;acgif) 1402-22}\ tultnDudk awmif;cHcJhonf/ tpOftvmtm;jzihf yk*Hrif;wdkU\tjrif tm(&f)
um(ef)&cdkifjynfonf olwdkU\ vufatmufcHjzpfonfh t,ltqudk ]rif;aqG(rif;acgif)}u vufcHonfu
wpfaMumif;? ]e&rdwfvS}\ zcifonf ]yckuL} cdkif&Sd ]a,m}ESihf ]avmif&Snf} a'owdkUudk csOf;eif;0if
a&mufcJhonfudk taMumif;jyK bk&if]rif;acgif}onf ol\om; ]rif;&JausmfpGm}udk tBuD;tuJjyKvkyf
tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifa'oodkU ppfcsDwufapcJhonf/ ]rif;&JausmfpGm} onf (1406)ckESpfwGif ]e&rdwfvS}udk
]b*Fvm;}e,fodkU armif;xkwfEdkifcJhonf/ ]e&rdwfvS}onfvnf; ]a*:(&f)} e,fpm;bk&ifcH ]Gehiyasuddin Azam
Shah (1390-1410)} xH vGwfvyfpGm cdkvIHcJhonf/

]Azam Shah} udk,fwdkifonfvnf; ]a'vDpkvfwmef}bk&ifrsm;ESihf ppfrufjzpfyGm;aecsdefjzpf xGufajy;

vmaom tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifbk&iftm; tjynhft0ulnDEdkif&ef taMumif;ray:cJhay/ xdkpOftawmtwGif; ]a'
vDpkvfwmef}bk&ifrsm;onfvnf; tpdwfpdwftrTmrTm uGJNyJaeonfhtjyif pdwf"gwfjyif;xefaom bk&ifcHrsm;
onf rdrdudk,fudkrdrdwdkU vGwfvyfa&; aMujimcJhonf/ a'vDpkvfwmefbk&if ]Sultan Nasiaruddin Mahmud
Tughlaq (1394-1412)}onf ]Khan Jahan} tjzpf vlodrsm;aom tvGefjrifhjrwfvSonfh ]Malik Sarwar} tm;
ta&SUzsm;tifyg,m&Sd ajr&Sifya'o&mZfrsm;ESihf vlrsdK;pktBuD;tuJrsm;\ tE&m,frS umuG,f&ef apvTwf
cJhonf/ ]Khan Jahan}onf tvGefOmPfynmBuD;rm;aom tkyfcsKyfol bk&ifcHjzpfonf/ ]Jaunpur} a'oudk
XmecsKyfjyKvkyf ]Kanauj} ESihf ]Bihar} a'owdkUwGif Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk xlawmifEdkifcJhonf/ ]Khan Jahan} onf
olUarG;pm;om; ]Mubarak Shah Sharqi (1399-1402)} tm; ]Jaunpur} a'owGif xm;&pfcJhNyD; (1399)wGif
]b*Fvm;} odkUa&muf&Sdum ]Khulna} cdkif&Sd ]Bagerhat}NrdKUwGif XmecsKyfrsm; wnfaqmufcJhonf/ ]Bagerhat} &Sd
ol\tkwf*lrS ausmufpmudk zwfIcJh&onhf taxmuftxm;t& olonf (1459)wGif aoqHk;cJhaMumif;od&Sd
&onf/ ]Khan Jahan}onf olESihfcspfMunfa&;udk xm0pOf xdef;odrf;cJhaom ]Azam Shah} udkvnf;wdkuf
cdkufcJhonf/ odkUaomfvnf; ]e&rdwfvS} usifhoHk;cJhaom ppfa&;enf;AsL[mtopfrsm;aMumihfvJ ]Azam Shah} udk
tNyD;wdkif rwGef;vSefEdkifcJhay/ ]Azam Shah} onfvnf; ]e&rdwfvS}tay: aus;Zl;wHkUjyefaomtm;jzihf
]e&rdwfvS}tm; tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynfwGif eef;jyefwifay;&ef ratmifjrifaom BudK;yrf;rIrsm; jyKvkyfcJh
aMumif;od&onf/
e&rdwfvSonf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynfrS xGufajy;NyD;aemuf ArmESihfwvdkif;wdkUonf tm(&f)um(ef)
(ac:)&cdkifjynfpm;usufajrtwGuf tcsdeftwdkif;twmtuefUtowfwpfcktxd ppfruftBudrfBudrf jzpfyGm;cJh
onf/ ESpfzuftiftm;pkrSvnf; tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynfudk xdef;odrf;Edkif&efBudK;yrf;cJhonf/ tm(&f)um(ef)
&cdkifeef;ay:wGif ArmwpfvSnfh wvdkif;wpfvSnfh toD;oD;ae&m,lcJhonf/ odkU&mwGif (1426 ) ckESpfwGif
wvdkif;wdkUonf &cdkifwpfjynfvHk;udk atmifEdkifcJhNyD; ArmwdkUudkvnf; tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynfrS wdkufxkwf
EdkifcJhonf/ xdktcsdeftawmtwGif; ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ]dk[if*sm}vlrsdK;wdkUonf ]b*Fvm;e,f}&Sd ]ppfw
aumif;NrdKU} ESihf ]Arm} jynf&Sd ]yJcl;} NrdKUodkU xGufajy;cJhNyD; xdkodkU xGufajy;cJholrsm;udk ]dk[if*sm} ESihf ] &cdkif
ukvm;} rsm;[k toD;oD;ac:qdkMuonf/ ]e&rdwfvS} b*Fvm;rSm &SdaepOfumvtwGif; ]Raja Ganesh} [k
ac:qdkaom ]Dinajpur} e,frS [dELajrydkif&Sifonf xdkpOfu tv,ftvwf0g'Dudk vufcHaom b*Fvm;bk&if
]Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah} \ rsufESmomay;rIudk cHcJh&ojzihf ]Raja Ganesh} onfvnf; tkyfcsKyf
a&;&mtcGihftmPmrsm;udk txl;tav;ay;cHcJh&onf/ ]Sultan} bk&ifonf AD -1410 ckESpfwGif aoqHk;cJhNyD;
ol\om; ]Saifuddin Humza Shah (1410-12)} onf bk&ifjzpfvmcJhonf/ ]Saifuddin Hamza Shah} ESihf
olUudkqufcHcJhaombk&if ]Shiha Budin Bayazid Shah (1412-14) } ESihf bk&if ]AluddinFiruz Shah (1414-15)}
wdkUonf tvGefnHhzsif;aom bk&ifqufcHolrsm;jzpfcJhNyD; MoZmBuD;rm;aom ajr&Sifya'o&mZf (Raja Ganesh)\
BudK;qGJ&muonfh kyfao;bk&ifrsm;omjzpfcJhonf/ Raja Ganesh onf bk&if ]Alauddin Firuz Shah} tm;
vkyfBuHowfjzwfcJhNyD; b*Fvm;a'otm; [dELrsm;vTrf;rdk;aoma'otjzpf AD - 1415 ckESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&;
aMujimcJhonf/
Raja Ganesh onf b*Fvm;a'owGif rGwfqvifwdkUtm; jyif;jyif;xefxef ESdyfuGyfaeojzihf 4if;&efudk
umuG,f&ef tvGefxif&Sm;ausmfaZmaom olawmfpifBuD; ] Noor Qutb Alam (1425)} onf xdkpOfu ]Jampur}
a'oudk tkyfcsKyfaom ]Ibrahim Shah Sharqi (1402-36)} tm; b*Fvm;a'oudk odrf;ydkuf&ef zdwfac:cJhonf/
]Ibrahim Shah}bk&ifonfvnf; ppfwyftiftm;ajrmufrsm;pGmjzihf b*Fvm;a'oodkU csDwufcJhonf/ ]Jampur}
a'o 4if;ppftiftm; a&mufvQifa&mufcsif; Raja Ganesh onf olawmfpifBuD; Noor Qutb Alam xH 4if;
usL;vGefcJhaom jypfrIrsm;tm; cGihfvTwfawmfrlyg&ef tEl;tGwfarwm&yfcHcJhonf/ Raja Ganesh\om; ]Jadu}
udkzcifoabmwlnDcsufjzihf tpvmrfomoem0iftjzpf jzpfapum b*Fvm;bk&iftjzpf eef;wifay;yg&ef

awmif;qdkcJhonf/ olawmfpifBuD;oabmwlnDcsufjzihf toifha&mufESihfNyDjzpfaom ]Ibramhim Shah} ppfwyfudk

jyefkyfodrf;apcJhonf/ ]Jadu} onf (1419 ) ckESpfwGif ]Sultan Jalaluddin Mohammad Nasiruddin Nuzil Shah
(1419-31)} bGJUjzihf eef;wufcJhonf/ odkU&mwGif ]Ibramhim Shah} ppfwyf jyefoGm;onfESihfwpfNydKifeuf ]Raja
Ganesh} onf olawmfpiftm; ay;cJhaomuwdudk csdK;azmuf&ef BudK;pm;cJhNyD; om; ]Jadu} udkvnf; ]Hindu}
omoem jyefvnfudk;uG,f&ef wdkufwGef;cJhonf/ rnfodkUyifqdkapumrl ]Jadu} onf olawmf pifBuD;udk
ay;cJhaomuwdudk xdef;odrf;xm;vdkonfuwpfaMumif;? tpvmrfomoemudk ouf0if,HkMunfonf
uwpfaMumif;wdkUaMumihf tpvmrfomoemudk pGefUvTwf&ef jyif;xefpGmjiif;y,fcJhonf/ odkUtm;jzihf b*F
vm;e,frS rGwfqvifEdkifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;udk ESdrfeif;&ef BudK;yrf;cJhaom [dEL0g'DwdkU\ tm;xkwfrItqHk;
owfcJh&onf/
]Jadu}onf tvGefpdwftm;xufoefaom rGwfqvifwpfOD;jzpfcJhonf/ ol\omoemjyefUyGm;a&; BudK;
yrf;rIaMumihf b*Fvm;e,fwGif tpvmrfbmom0ifOD;a& wdk;yGm;vmcJhonf/ ]e&rdwfvS}onfvnf; tm(&f)
um(ef)&cdkifa'owGif olUeef;jyefvnf&&Sda&;twGuf b*Fvm;bk&if ]Nazir Shah} \ tultnDudk awmif;cHcJh
onf/ ]Nazir Shah}onf &cdkifwGif e&rdwfvS eef;jyefvnf&&Sda&;twGuf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifa'ou b*F
vm;bk&iftm; vufaqmifyPmrsm; ay;tyfcJh&NyD; vufatmufcHuRefEdkifiHtjzpf usa&mufcJh&onf/ b*Fvm;
bk&if ]Nazir Shah} ESihf ]]e&rdwfvS} wdkU oabmwlnDcsuft& tu,f ]e&rdwfvS} tm; tm(&f)um(ef)
&cdkifwGif eef;jyefvnfwifajrSmufjcif;cH&ygu ]Nazir Shah} rS uefUowfaom vdkufavsmrItcsdKUudk oabmwl
vufcHygrnfhtaMumif; yg&Sdonf/
xdkodkUoabmwlonfhtwGuf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifa'oonf b*Fvm; ]Sultan} bk&iftm; ajrcGefESihf
vufaqmifyPmrsm;udk qufocJh&onf/ ]e&rdwfvS}ESihf ol\qufcHolwdkUonf b*Fvm;]Sultan}bk&if\
awmif;qdkrIudk AD1430-1546 ckESpftxd ESpfaygif;(100)ausmfwdkifatmif taxGaxGawmif;qdkrIudk vdkufavsm
cJh&aom vufatmufcHuRefEdkifiHjzpfcJh&onf/ oabmwlnDcsufyg vdkufavsmrIrsm;rSm (1) tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynfya&;&mudprsm;tm; ppfwaumif;e,frS tkyfcsKyfol bk&ifcHrsm;u 0ifa&muf
ajz&Sif;ay;&jcif;ESihf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifa'otm; EdkifiHa&;tm;jzihf b*Fvm;uMoZmoufa&mufcJhjcif;?
(2) b*Fvm; ]Sultan} bk&ifrsm;u yg&Sef;pmESihfa&;om;xm;aom tpvmrfbmom,HkMunfcsufyg pm
wef;a&;xdk;xm;aom aiG'*Fg;rsm;udk tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifbk&ifrsm;u oHk;pGJ&jcif;?
(3) b*Fvm;bk&ifrsm;u ay;tyfcsD;jrSihfaom rGwfqvifbGJUxl;*kPfxl;rsm;udk &cdkifbk&ifcHrsm;u &cdkif
trnfrsm;jzihf wGJzufoHk;pGJ&jcif;?
(4) &cdkifbk&ifrsm;u vdktyfaom aiG'*Fg;rsm;udk yg&Sefpmjzihfa&;xdk;xm;aom bmoma&;,HkMunfcsuf
ygaiG'*Fg;rsm;udk b*Fvm;wGif dkufESdyfcJh&jcif;?
(5) tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifbk&ifrsm;onf b*Fvm; ]Sultan}bk&ifrsm;xH ESpfpOfb@mawmfrsm; qufo&
jcif;?
(6) tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifbk&ifrsm;onf ]yg&Sef}} ,ck ]tD&ef} pmayudk Hk;oHk;bmompmaytjzpf usifh
oHk;&jcif;?
(7) tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifbk&ifrsm;onf tpvmrfomoema&;qdkif&m taqmufttHkrsm; wnfaxmifzGihf
vSpfEdkif&ef AvDrsm;aqmufvkyf&ef EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? ynma&;&m taqmuftOD;toD;oD;rsm;udk
wnfaxmifzGihfvSpfEdkif&ef cGihfjyKay;&jcif;?
(8) tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifbk&ifrsm;onf b*Fvm;bk&ifcHESihfjyKvkyfxm;aom uwdu0drsm;udk yHkrSefjznfh
qnf;&mwGif vpf[if;rIr&Sdap&ef BuD;Muyfaqmif&Gufay;a&;twGuf b*Fvm;rS tNrJwrf;udk,fpm;vS,fwpf
a,muf xm;&Sda&; oabmwlnD&jcif;
wdkUyg0ifonf/

txufaz:jyyg oabmwlnDcsuft& b*Fvm;bk&if ]Nazir Shah}onf ppfwaumif;bk&ifcH

AdkvfcsKyfBuD; ]0vDcgef}tm; OD;aqmifap b*Fvm;yxefppfonftiftm; (20000)udk 1428 ckESpfwGif tm(&f)
um(ef)&cdkifodkU apvTwfcJhonf/ AdkvfcsKyf ]0vDcgef}onf tm(&f)um(ef)bk&if ]e&rdwfvS}tm; rGwfqvifbGJU
]Samoon Sulaiman Shah} jzihf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifwGif eef;wifcJhonf/ odkU&mwGif ]e&rdwfvS}tay: tvGef
w&m rausreyfjzpfaeaom &cdkiftrsdK;om;acgif;aqmif ]teEodef;} ESihf tjcm;taygif;tygrsm; yl;aygif;
]e&rdwfvS}tm; tusOf;csxm;cJhonf/ rnfodkUyifqdkapumrl ]e&rdwfvS} onf tusOf;rS vGwfajrmufoGm;NyD;
b*Fvm;bk&ifcHuvnf; aemufAdkvfcsKyf ]pEDcgef} udk apvTwfum 1430 ckESpfwGif ]e&rdwfvS}tm; b*Fvm;
rGwfqvifbk&if\ vufatmufcHbk&iftjzpf eef;wifajrSmufay;cJhonf/ b*Fvm;bk&if ]Nazir Shah} onf
]Danpasu}ESihf ]Manpasu} trnf&Sd 'k0efBuD;ESpfOD;ESihf ]Sattar Khan} ESihf ]Razumani} trnf&Sdaom 0efBuD;
ESpfOD;udkvnf; tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifa'oodkU apvTwfcJhonf/
]e&rdwfvS}onf b*Fvm;yxefppfonfrsm;udk NrdKUawmfywf0ef;usifESihf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifa'owGif
tjcm;ta&;BuD;aom tcsuftcsme,fajrrsm;wGif jzefUusufae&mcsxm;ay;cJhonf/ txl;ojzihf av;NrdKUjrpf
urf;? rif;*H? ukvm;wef? ar,k? ukvm;yef;ZHESihf ewfjrpfwavQmuf&Sd a'orsm;wGif ae&mcsxm;ay;cJhonf/
ukvm;yef;ZHESihf ukvm;wefjrpfwavQmuf&Sd a'orsm;wGif ae&mcsxm;ay;cJhaom aus;&Gmaygif; (50)wdkUonf
OD;xkyfaqmif;aom ynmwwfrGwfqvifrsm;jzpfcJhMuonf/ ppftBuD;tuJrsm;tm; a'ovHkNcHKa&;ESihf at;csrf;
om,ma&;udk tpOfxdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufolrsm;tjzpf a'ocHrsm;u ,HkMunfav;pm;ojzihf vufaqmify@m
awmfrsm; tpOfojzihf yHhydk;ulnDcJhonf/ ppfwyfpcef;rsm;udk xlaxmifay;cJhonf/ ppftrIxrf;rsm;u tNidrf;pm;
,lNyD;aemuf aus;&Gma'orsm;wGif v,f,mvkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfudkifMuonf/ ppftBuD;tuJrsm;onfvnf;
ajr&Sifya'o&mZfrsm;jzpfcJhonf/ xdkUaMumihf acwfNydKifawGU&Sdae&aom dk[if*smaus;&Gmol? &Gmom;rsm;onf
]tm&Af? yg&Sef? yxef? r*dkvf}ESihf tjcm;b*Fvm;rGwfqvifwdkUrS qif;oufaygufzGm;vmaom rsdK;EG,fquf
rsm;omjzpfonf/ ESpfy&dap'MumjrihfvmonfESihftrQ rsdK;EG,faygif;ajrmufjrm;pGmrS qif;oufvmaom ]dk[if
*sm} wdkUtm; vlrsdK;aygif;ajrmufrsm;pGm a&m,Sufaygif;pyf oD;jcm;*kPfowdwpfrsdK;wnf;jzihf &yfwnfaeaom
acwfNydKif ]dk[if*sm}wdkUonf jrefrmEdkifiHtjcm;wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;enf;wkl ESpfy&dap'MumjrihfpGm uwnf;
uyif jrefrmEdkifiHwGif at;twlyltrQ aexdkifvmcJhojzihf ]dk[if*sm} wdkUtm; wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;tjzpf
usefwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdkK;tm;vHk;wdkUu wnDwGwfwnf; todtrSwfjyKMuonf/
]a&mrtifyg,m} usqHk;NyD;aemuf rGwfqvifwdkUonf EdkifiHtkyfcsKyfzGJUpnf;yHkpepfopfwpfckudk
wnfaxmifcJhonf/ tpvmrf,Ofaus;rIpepfonf Oa&myESihf tm&SwvTm; tvsiftjrefysHUESHUcJhonf/ tpvmrf
,Ofaus;rIonf ]Codonca} rSwqihf ]b*Fvm;'gum} txd ysHUESHUcJhonf/ xdkpOfu avhvmolwdkUonf tp
vmhrf,Ofaus;rIw[kefxdk; ysHUESHUwdk;wufaeonfuvGJ tjcm;rjrifcJhay/ NcHKiHkajym&vQif ppfa&;ppf&mwGif
vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHa&;&mwGifvnf;aumif;? ,Ofaus;rIvTrf;rdk;cJh&mwGifvnf;aumif; rGwfqvif ]plvfwef}
bk&ifpepfonf vlU,Ofaus;rIzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf r@dKifBuD;jzpfcJhonf/
]e&rdwfvS} b*Fvm;a'owGif aexdkifpOftwGif; tpvmrfomoem wefcdk;BuD;xGm;vmrIudk avhvm
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wpfOD;jzpfaomfvnf; rGwfqvifa&;&mrsm;udk tvGefuRrf;usifolwpfOD;jzpfonfhtjyif tpvmrfbmomudk
]Samoon Sulaiman Shah} trnfjzihf tpvmrfomoemudk vufcH,HkMunfcJhonf/ ]e&rdwfvS} tjyif olUudk
qufcHoltcsdKUonfvnf; tpvmrfomoemudk ouf0if,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ olwdkUonf xdkpOfu a'otwGif;
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aomfvnf; vlrodolrodatmif ouf0if,HkMunfcJhaMumif; ordkif;taxmuftxm;rsm;t& od&Sd&onf/
txuftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk axmufI &cdkifordkif;a&;&mwGif tvGefuRrf;usifaom Mr. Harvey onf tp
vmrfbmomouf0if,HkMunfcJhaom tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifbk&ifrsm;udk ]The Muslim Buddhist Kings Of Arakan}

[kyifac:qdkcJhonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm olwdkUonf rGwfqvifrsm;jzpfNyD; tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkif\ bk&ifrsm;jzpf onf

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rGefaom vlom;wpfOD;jzpfvmcJhonf/
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aomfjim;vnf; ]e&rdwfvS}onf ]olaouHa&mufjcif;onf t"dur[kwf? NrdKUawmf ajymif;a&TUwnfaqmufjcif;
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ovuPmrsm;yifvQif ]dk[if*sm}wdkUonf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynfwGif a&S;ya0oPDuyif rSDwif;aexdkif
vmcJhaom udk,fydkif,Ofaus;rI? bmom? omoem? pmayudk ydkifqkdifxm;onfh Indigenous Race ac:
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]e&rdwfvS} tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynfwGif eef;jyefvnfpwif&&SdcsdefrSp tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynfonf

pnfyifom,m0ajymvmcJhonf/ tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynfonfvnf; ]Arm}vlrsdK;ESihf ]wvdkif;}vlrsdK;wdkUvuf
atmufwGif ESpfaygif;(22)MumrQ usa&mufcJhonf/ wdkif;oljynfom;wdkUonfvnf; tusihfp&dwtvGefysufpD;
cJh&onf/ odkU&mwGif rGwfqvifwdkU 0ifa&mufvmcsdefrSp tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynf&Sd wdkif;oljynfom;wdkUonf
b0opfwpfckudk wnfaqmufEdkifcJhNyD; jyefvnfom,m0ajymvmcJhonf/
b*Fvm;pkvfwefbk&if ]Nazira Shah} \ ]e&rdwfvS} tay:xm;&SdcJhaom apwemarwmonf tvGef
w&maumif;rGefaom vkyf&yfwpfckyifjzpfonf/ xdkjzpf&yfonf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkif ordkif;tqufquf wGif
tvGefatmufarhbG,f&m ordkif;0ifjzpf&yfwpfcktjzpf usef&SdcJhonf/ rGwfqvifwdkU\ pdwfESvHk;wGifvnf;
tpvmrfomoemwnf&Sdaeoa&GU tpOfudef;atmif;aernfjzpfonf/ tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkiftay: MoZmouf
a&mufcJhaom rGwfqvifwdkU\ tcef;u@udk rnfodkUrQaus;Zl;uef;rsufuG,frjyKtyfay/
ajrmufOD;acwf tm(&f)um(ef)(ac:)&cdkifjynftay: tpvmrfomoemonf twdkif;twmwpfcktxd
txGwftxdyfodkU a&mufcJhonf/ tm(&f)um(ef)(ac:)&cdkifjynfonf b*Fvm;pkvfwefbk&ifrGwfqvifrsm;\
vufatmufcHEdkifiHjzpfcJhaomaMumihf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifbk&ifrsm;onfvnf; rGwfqvifwdkU\,Ofaus;rI t
awG;tac: tjyKtrlESihf "avhxHk;pHrsm;udk tpOfojzifhvufcHcJhonf/ xdkUaMumihf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkif bk&ifrsm;
onf yxef? r*dkvf? b*FvD ESihf b*Fvm;a'orS tjcm;rGwfqvifrsm;tjyif tdEd,rS 0ifa&mufvmcJhaom
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qvifwdkU tajccs aexdkifvmrIudk 0rf;yrf;womvufcHBudKqdkcJhonf/
tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynf ]e&rdwfvS} aemufwzef eef;wifajrSmufjcif;cHvdkuf&aomtcg b*Fvm;
pkvfwefbk&ifwdkUonf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynftay: MoZmtvGefoufa&mufcJhonfhtjyif b*Fvm;ESihf tm(&f)
um(ef)&ckdifjynftMum; ESpfEdkifiH eufeJodrfarGUaom ,Ofaus;rIqufoG,fa&;uGef,ufwpfckudkvnf; tcdkif
trmwnfaqmufcJhonf/ xdktcsdefrSpwif tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynf eef;wGif;a&;&mudpt00wGif b*Fvm;
bmompum;tm; t"du,Ofaus; rIa&;&mbmompum;tjzpf vufcHusihfoHk;cJhonf/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf
xdkpOfu tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynfwGif&SdcJhaom Hk;ydkif;qdkif&mtBuD;tuJrsm;onf b*Fvm;e,f ]ppfwaumif;}
ESihf 4if;ywf0ef;usifa'orS b*FvDpum;ajuaom pmayusrf;*efwwfyk*dKvfrsm;jzpfjcif;aMumihfjzpfonf/
rGwfqvift&m&Sdrsm;onf &cdkifjynfeef;wGif;a&;&mtcef;u@wGif t&Sdeft0gMoZm tvGefBuD;rm;cJhonf/
trSefpifppf tm(&f)um(ef)&cdkifjynfonf jrefrmjynfweHwvsm; tpvmrfomoemjyefUyGm;a&;twGuf wH
wm;BuD;ozG,fjzpfcJhonf/ xdkrSwqihf rGwfqvif ]kd[if*sm}wdkU udk;uG,faom tpvmrfomoemonf
wjznf;jznf;csif; at;csrf;om,mpGm jrefrmjynftESHU jyefUyGm;cJhaMumif; ordkif;taxmuftxm;rsm;t& od
&Sd&onf/
19.7.2006