Additional Chapter 5 Self-Assessment Exercises

(Note: Dont peek at the answers before you attempt to solve these self-assessment exercises.) Matching Questions A. B. C. D. E. algae fungi lichens protozoa slime molds _____ 1. Yeasts and molds are examples of _______________. All _______________ are photosynthetic. _______________ are classified by their means of locomotion. The cell walls of _______________ contain chitin. The cell walls of _______________ contain cellulose. _______________ rarely cause infectious diseases, but cause a variety of microbial intoxications. _______________ are examples of a symbiotic relationship known as mutualism. _______________ cause diseases such as African sleeping sickness, babesiosis, cryptosporidiosis, malaria, and toxoplasmosis. Diseases caused by _______________ are called mycoses. Toxins produced by _______________ are called phycotoxins

_____ 2.

_____ 3.

_____ 4.

_____ 5.

_____ 6.

_____ 7.

_____ 8.

_____ 9.

_____ 10.

1 Microbiology suggested questions

True/False Questions _____ 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. Slime molds possess characteristics of both fungi and protozoa. Protozoa in the category known as Mastigophora move by means of cilia. A dimorphic fungus would exist as a mold inside the human body. The organism that causes a red tide is an alga. Volvox is a multicellular alga. A stigma is an organelle that pumps water out of the cell. Sexual spores are also known as conidia. Classification of fungi is based on the type of conidia that they produce. Protozoa that move by means of pseudopodia are in a category known as Sarcodina. Fungi can cause both infectious diseases and microbial intoxications.

_____ 10.

Additional Chapter 6 Self-Assessment Exercises

(Note: Dont peek at the answers before you attempt to solve these self-assessment exercises.) Matching Questions A. B. C. D. E. amino acids disaccharides fatty acids monosaccharides nucleotides _____ 1. _______________ are the building blocks of proteins. _______________ consist of a nitrogenous base, a pentose, and a phosphate group. _______________ are the building blocks of polysaccharides. Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are examples of _______________. Fructose, galactose, and glucose are examples of _______________.

_____ 2.

_____ 3.

_____ 4.

_____ 5.

2 Microbiology suggested questions

A. a dehydration synthesis reaction B. DNA replication C. a hydrolysis reaction D. transcription E. translation

_____ 6.

The end product of _______________ is a messenger RNA molecule. Combining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide is an example of _______________. James Watson and Francis Crick were the first to publish an article describing _______________. The end product of _______________ is a protein. Breaking the bond in a disaccharide to produce two monosaccharides is an example of ______________

_____ 7.

_____ 8.

_____ 9.

_____ 10.

3 Microbiology suggested questions

True/False Questions _____ 1. The covalent bonds that hold monosaccharides together in a polysaccharide are called glycosidic bonds. A DNA nucleotide consists of the following three parts: a nitrogenous base, ribose, and a phosphate group. The waxes in the cell walls of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause this organism to be acid-fast. The basic structure of a cell membrane is a lipid bilayer. DNA polymerase is the only enzyme required for DNA replication. Genes that are expressed only when needed are called constitutive genes. Polysaccharides, polypeptides, and nucleic acids are all examples of polymers. During translation, amino acids are activated by attaching to an appropriate rRNA molecule. The peptide bonds that hold amino acids together in protein molecules are examples of covalent bonds. In double-stranded DNA molecules, the two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds.

_____ 2.

_____ 3.

_____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8.

_____ 9.

_____10.

Additional Chapter 7 Self-Assessment Exercises

(Note: Dont peek at the answers before you attempt to solve these self-assessment exercises.) Matching Questions A. B. C. D. E. autotrophs heterotrophs lithotrophs organotrophs phototrophs _____ 1. _______________ are chemotrophs that use inorganic chemicals as their energy source. Organisms that use organic compounds as their source of carbon are called _______________.

_____ 2.

4 Microbiology suggested questions

_____ 3.

Organisms that use organic compounds as their energy source are called _______________.

_____ 4.

Organisms that use carbon dioxide as their source of carbon are called _______________. Organisms that use light as their energy source are called _______________.

_____ 5.

A. B. C. D. E.

conjugation lysogenic conversion mutation transduction transformation

_____ 6.

In _______________, bacteria acquire new genetic information in the form of viral genes. Oswald Avery and his colleagues discovered that DNA is the hereditary molecule while performing _______________ experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae. In _______________, bacteria acquire new genetic information as a result of absorbing pieces of naked DNA from their environment. In _______________, genetic information is passed from one bacterial cell to another via a hollow sex pilus. In _______________, bacteria acquire new genetic information when bacteriophages inject bacterial genes.

_____ 7.

_____ 8.

_____ 9.

_____ 10.

5 Microbiology suggested questions

True/False Questions _____ 1. Dehydration synthesis reactions always involve the removal of a molecule of water. The biosynthesis of polysaccharides, polypeptides, and nucleic acids are examples of catabolic reactions. Oxidationreduction reactions are paired reactions that involve the transfer of electrons. Breaking a disaccharide down into its two monosaccharide components is an example of a hydrolysis reaction. Anabolic reactions are a cells major source of energy. The majority of energy produced in aerobic respiration is produced by the Krebs cycle. In glycolysis, a 6-carbon glucose molecule is broken down into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid. Aerobic respiration is a more efficient method of breaking down glucose than is fermentation. Virulent bacteriophages are responsible for lysogenic conversion. Mutations are always harmful.

_____ 2.

_____ 3.

_____ 4.

_____ 5. _____ 6.

_____ 7.

_____ 8.

_____ 9. _____ 10.

Additional Chapter 8 Self-Assessment Exercises

(Note: Dont peek at the answers before you attempt to solve these self-assessment exercises.) Matching Questions A. B. C. D. E. capnophiles fastidious organisms halophiles microaerophiles psychrotrophs _____ 1. Organisms that prefer salty environments are called _______________. Organisms that have especially demanding nutritional requirements are

_____ 2.

6 Microbiology suggested questions

called _______________. _____ 3. Organisms that prefer environments having decreased concentrations of oxygen are called _______________.

_____ 4.

Organisms that prefer refrigerator temperature are called _______________. Organisms that grow best in environments containing increased concentrations of carbon dioxide are called _______________. Although Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae will not grow on blood agar, they will grow on _______________. _______________ is a highly enriched and highly selective medium, used to isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens. _______________ is an example of a medium that is both enriched and differential. _______________ is selective for Grampositive bacteria. _______________ is an example of a medium that is selective and differential.

_____ 5.

A. B. C. D. E.

Blood agar Chocolate agar MacConkey agar Phenylethyl alcohol agar Thayer-Martin agar

_____ 6.

_____ 7.

_____ 8.

_____ 9.

_____ 10.

7 Microbiology suggested questions

True/False Questions _____ 1. A bacterial cell would swell and burst if placed in an extremely hypertonic solution. Pasteurization is a method of sterilizing liquids. Archaeans that live in or near hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean are halophilic, barophilic, and thermophilic. Lyophilization is an excellent method of killing microorganisms. Antiseptic technique is a type of aseptic technique. In an autoclave, microorganisms are killed by ethylene oxide. The goal of disinfection is to kill all microorganisms. It is not possible to culture protozoa in the laboratory. Rapid freezing, using liquid nitrogen, is an excellent method of killing microorganisms. Microorganisms can be killed by direct exposure to ultraviolet light.

_____ 2. _____ 3.

_____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9.

_____ 10.

Answers to the Additional Chapter 5 Self-Assessment Exercises

Matching Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. B A (C is also an acceptable answer, because lichens contain algae) D B A A C D B A

True/False Questions

Microbiology suggested questions

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

True False (they move by means of flagella) False (a dimorphic fungus would exist as a yeast inside the human body) True True False (a stigma or eyespot is a photosensing organelle) False (asexual spores are also known as conidia) False (classification of fungi is based on the type of sexual spores that they produce) True True

Answers to the Additional Chapter 6 Self-Assessment Exercises

Matching Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. A E D B D D A B E C

True/False Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. True False (a DNA nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, and a phosphate group) True True False (DNA polymerase is the most important enzyme involved in DNA replication, but other enzymes are also involved) False (genes that are expressed only when needed are called inducible genes; genes that are expressed all of the time are called constitutive genes) True False (amino acids are activated by attaching to an appropriate tRNA molecule) True True

Microbiology suggested questions

Answers to the Additional Chapter 7 Self-Assessment Exercises

Matching Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. C B D A E B E E A D

True/False Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. True False (these are examples of anabolic reactions) True True False (catabolic reactions are a cells major source of energy) False (the majority of the energy is produced by the electron transport chain) True True False (temperate bacteriophages are responsible for lysogenic conversion) False (mutations may be harmful, beneficial, or silent)

Answers to the Additional Chapter 8 Self-Assessment Exercises

Matching Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. C B D E A B E A

Microbiology suggested questions

10

9. 10.

D C

True/False Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. False (a bacterial cell would shrink if placed in an extremely hypertonic solution) False (pasteurization is a disinfection technique; a technique designed to kill pathogens) True False (lyophilization is one of the major ways of preserving microorganisms) True False (in an autoclave, microorganisms are killed by steam under pressure) False (the goal of disinfection is to kill pathogens) False (it is possible to culture protozoa in the laboratory) False (rapid freezing is one of the major ways of preserving microorganisms) True

Microbiology suggested questions

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