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Copyright 2010
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2010
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2010
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2010
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2010
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2010
Copyright 2010
M h( ) Mesh(s)
Element type and size, size transition rates
Understand the primary variables (PV) in the differential equation Understand boundary conditions (BC) Essential, or Dirichlet BC on PV in the original
differential equation at a boundary (EBC) N t l or N Natural, Neumann BC i l in lower space b boundary d differential equation (NBC)
Copyright 2010
J. E. Akin
FEA Accuracy
PV are most accurate at the mesh nodes. SV are least accurate at the mesh nodes. nodes
SV are most accurate at the Gauss integration points SV can be post-processed for accurate nodal va ues (and error estimates) values (a d e o est ates)
Copyright 2010
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2010
J. E. Akin
Thermal:
Heat flux at given temperature
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
FE Mesh (FEM)
Crude meshes that look like a part are ok look like for images and mass properties but not for FE analysis. y Local error is proportional to product of the local mesh size (h) and the gradient of the ( ) g secondary variables. PV piecewise continuous polynomials of degree p, and SV are discontinuous polynomials of degree (p-1).
Copyright 2002 J. E. Akin Rice University, MEMS Dept.
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
Local Error
The error at a (non-singular) point is the product of the element size, h the d f h l i h, h gradient of the secondary variables, and a constant d dependent on the d d h domain i shape and boundary conditions.
Large gradient points need small h Small gradient points can have large h
Error Estimators
Global and element error estimates are often available from mathematical norms of the secondary variables. The energy norm is the most common. It is proven to be asymptotically exact for elliptical problems. Typically we want less than 1 % error.
Copyright 2002 J. E. Akin Rice University, MEMS Dept.
Error Estimates
Quite good for elliptic problems (thermal, elasticity, ideal flow), Navier-Stokes, etc. y, ), , Can predict the new mesh size needed to reach the required accuracy. accuracy Can predict needed polynomial degree. R Require second post-processing pass for i d i f localized (element level) gradient smoothing.
Copyright 2002 J. E. Akin Rice University, MEMS Dept.
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
Symmetry (Anti-symmetry)
Requires symmetry of the geometry and material properties. p p Requires symmetry (anti-symmetry) of the source terms. terms Requires symmetry (anti-symmetry) of the essential boundary conditions. conditions
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
Structural Model
Symmetry
Zero displacement normal to surface Zero rotation vector tangent to surface
Anti-symmetry
Zero displacement vector tangent to surface Z Zero rotation normal to surface t ti lt f
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
Thermal Model
Symmetry
Zero gradient normal to surface (insulated surface, zero heat flux)
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
Local Singularities
All elliptical problems have local radial gradient singularities near re-entrant corners in the domain. domain p
Radius, r Strength, p = /C Re-entrant, C u/r as r 0
Copyright 2002 J. E. Akin Rice University, MEMS Dept.
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin
Copyright 2002
J. E. Akin