Resonance column

determine the speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube by two resonance positions and to calculate the speed sound in air at OOC. Apparatus: Resonance tube with water, two tuning forks of frequencies 512 Hz and 480 Hz, rubber pad, thermometer. 4

Aim: To

of

Formula:

= 2(h-11)

vo

Vt =2v(h-11) = Vt -0.61x (t) ms"

where A is wave length, t is temperature difference and),2 are the length of air column for the first and second resonance position respectively with a tuning fork of frequency v
Vt , Vo are the velocities degree Celsius Observation Room temperature of sound in air at room temperature and zero

,11

------

Note: 12 Is approx 3 times 11

S.
No

Frequency of the fork v (Hz)

Length of air column

A=2(h-11) 12{m}
mean

V=VA
(ms')

11 (m)
rising falling

mean Irising
.-'

falling

(m)

1
2
'-----

512
480

Result: The speed of sound in air at room temperature is -------- _------ ms" The speed of sound in air at 00 C is ----------------- ms" Precautions: 1. Resonance tube should be vertical. 2.prongs of tuning fork should be vibrated above the end of the tube

in vertical

plane

Sources of error: 1 Resonance tube may not be vertical 2. Air column has humidity. This may increase Velocity of sound.

the

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VISCOSITY
Aim: To determine the terminal velocity for spheres of different radius, falling through a high viscous fluid taken In a tall jar, and to represent it by a bar graph. Apparatus: A tall transparent glass jar, high viscous liquid (transparent). spheres of different radius, stop watch. d Formula: Y ms" d - distance AB between two marks ~ t

=-

y= AB ms"

made on the tall jar

t= 10 cm)

't' - time taken to cover the distance AB Model bar graph

Spheres S.No Sphere DistanceAB (em) Time 't' to cover AB (s) Velocity v=AB/t ms1

I
2

3
4

5 6

Result: Determined represented Precautions:

the terminal velocity of spheres of different it by a bar graph.

radius and

1. Liquid should be transparent to watch the motion of the ball and liquid should be highly viscous. 2. The object dropped should be perfectly spherical. Sources of error: L'I'he liquid may not have uniform density. 2. The velocity may not be constant.

Vernier Callipers Experiment No: Date: Aim: To measure thediameter of the given spherical bob using vernier callipers. Apparatus: vernier callipers, spherical bob Observation: Value of 1 main scale division (M.S.D) = em No of divisions on vernier scale =

---------

Least count of vernier = .lxValue of 1M.S.D n Zero error: Zero correction:

-----

Observation table S.No Main Scale Reading -(a) em Vernier coincidence (b)
1

Vernier reading = bx L.C em

Observed Diameter (a + b x L.C)cm

2 3 4 5
6

Mean diameter is ------Result: The diameter of the given spherical bob is

em em

Precaution:

1. The jaws should not be pressed too hard or should not be held too Loose. 2. Motion of vernier scale on main scale should be made smooth, Coincidence and zero error should be carefully found and properly Recorded

Sources of error: 1. The vernier scale may be loose on main scale 2. The jaws may not be at right angle to the main scale.