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Seminar Report Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of
V.B.VISHNU PRIYA ECE 4th YEAR 2nd SEMESTER ROLL NO: 08071A0451
2011-2012
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to J.N.T.U., Hyderabad) Bachupally(v), Hyderabad, A.P., India. 500 090
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report entitled NOKIA MORH TECHNOLOGY that has been submitted by V.B.VISHNU PRIYA (08071A0451) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in the DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING during the academic year 2011-2012 is a record of bonafide record of the seminar presented by him/her.
COORDINATOR
Dr. L. Padmasree D. Kanthi Sudha
ACKNOWLEDEMENT
I am extremely thankful to my internal guide Dr. L. Padmasree, Professor and D. Kanthi Sudha, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, for their constant inspiration and support. I express my thanks to all the help and co-ordination extended in bringing out this seminar successfully on time. I express my sincere gratitude to respected Dr. C. D. Naidu, Principal of VNRVJIET and Dr. P. Sri Hari, Head of Department of ECE, for their valuable guidance, encouragement and suggestions.
ABSTRACT
In business a product could have a shorter life if it can't win the hearts of people and showcase new technology, so take the case of Nokia, who is coming up with the Nokia Morph flexible mobile phone which the company claims include nanotechnology and would immensely benefit its end-users. The main benefit of Nanotechnology is that its components are flexible, transparent and extremely strong. The company believes this latest technology would be a distinctive phone by 2015, but a few technical glitches remained to be solved, like the use of new battery materials etc. Nokia morph is a joint technology concept, developed by nokia research center (NRC) and the University of Cambridge (UK). The morph demonstrate how future mobile device might be stretchable and flexible, allowing the user to transform their mobile devices into radically different shaped. It demonstrates the ultimately that nanotechnology might be capable of delivering: flexible material, transparent electronics and selfcleaning surface. Nanotechnology enables materials and components that are flexible, stretchable, transparent and remarkably strong. Fibril proteins are woven into three dimensional mesh that reinforces thin elastic structures. Using the same principle behind spider silk, this elasticity enables the device to literally changes shapes and configures itself to adapt to the task at hand.
CONTENTS
Index
Certificate Acknowledement Abstract
Page No
2 3 4
13 14
4.2 Nanograss 4.3 Self-cleaning 4.4 Stretchable 4.5 Transparent-electronics 4.6 Spider-silk 4.7 Haptic-surface 4.8 Wearable device 4.9 Recycle
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CHAPTER 2 2. HISTORY
The concept of NOKIA MORPH has been introduced to the global world at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City from February 24 to May 12 of 2008 as part of the "Design and the Elastic Mind" exhibition. The concept emerged through collaboration between Nokia Research Center and Cambridge University Nanoscience Center in the UK. Since the KAIST, developed a transparent resistive random access memory (TRRAM), the idea of morph technology seems to be growing and Nokia Research Center collaborated with Cambridge University Nanoscience Center and initiated to develop this fairytale concept a reality and researches are still undergoing. Nokia also added a concept video regarding morph on YouTube which received 2.3 million viewers on its initial week. This technology enabled phones are expected to reach the global markets around 2020. This device concept showcases some revolutionary leaps being explored by Nokia Research Center (NRC) in collaboration with the Cambridge Nanoscience Centre (United Kingdom) Nanoscale technologies that will potentially create a world of radically different devices that open up an entirely new spectrum of possibilities. 2007. Brainstorming in Cambridge in June 2007; Nokia Research Centre, Nokia Design and University of Cambridge.
3.2 Nanotechnology
A basic definition: Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced. In its original sense, 'nanotechnology' refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products. Nanotechnology may one day lead to low cost manufacturing solutions, and offers the possibility of integrating complex functionality at a low price. Nanotechnology also can be leveraged to create self-cleaning surfaces on mobile devices, ultimately reducing corrosion, wear and improving longevity. Nanostructured surfaces, such as Nanoflowers naturally repel water, dirt, and even fingerprints utilizing effects also seen in natural systems. Elegant three-dimensional MoS2 nanoflowers were uniformly formed via heating a MoO2 thin film in a vapor sulfur atmosphere. Tens to hundreds of petals were self- assembled within a single nanoflower. Each petal, 100300 nm wide and only several nanometers thick, exhibited a hexagonal structure. The
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number of petal layers gradually decreased towards the edges, resulting in uniquely thin edges, typically less than 3 nm. The MoS2 nanoflowers appeared to be excellent field emitters displaying a current density of 0.01 and 10? mA/cm2 at macroscopic fields of 4.55.5 and 7.6 8.6 V/m, respectively; the electron field emission was consistent with the FowlerNordheim theory.
manipulating individual molecules. This led to an exchange of letters in the ACS publication Chemical & Engineering News in 2003. Though biology clearly demonstrates that molecular machine systems are possible, non-biological molecular machines are today only in their infancy. Leaders in research on non-biological molecular machines are Dr. Alex Zettl and his colleagues at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories and UC Berkeley. They have constructed at least three distinct molecular devices whose motion is controlled from the desktop with changing voltage: a nanotube nanomotor, a molecular actuator and a nanoelectromechanical relaxation oscillator. An experiment indicating that positional molecular assembly is possible was performed by Ho and Lee at Cornell University in 1999. They used a scanning tunneling microscope to move an individual carbon monoxide molecule (CO) to an individual iron atom (Fe) sitting on a flat silver crystal, and chemically bound the CO to the Fe by applying a voltage.
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5. Integrated sensors might allow us to learn more about the environment around us, empowering us to make better choices. In addition to the advances above, the integrated electronics would cost less and include more functionality in a much smaller space, even as interfaces are simplified and usability is enhanced. Mobile phones like Nano Morph certainly depict the upcoming Nano Technology and it will surely be a front-runner in the use of various gadgets and technologies be it Computers, Air Conditioners, Robots, Cars or like this one viz Mobile phones and smartphones.
Research Center has a unique mission to lead Nokia into the future: NRC will be the global leader of open innovation for human mobility systems of the fused physical and digital world, giving birth to the growth of businesses for Nokia. Nokia Research Center was founded in 1986 from the Nokia Electronics R&D unit, with the a headcount of 86 persons. Today, NRC employs roughly 800 researchers from 43 countires and a wide variety of fields. Representing just over 4% of Nokias R&D employees, NRC researchers produce about one half of Nokias essential patents, and 34% of all Nokia invention reports (2006). NRC has a two-fold approach to achieving its mandate. The work for core technology breakthroughs supporting Nokia's existing businesses takes place in the Core Technology Centers, the CTC's. More visionary, exploratory systems research that goes well beyond any current business model is conducted at the many System Research Centers, the SRC's.
4.2 NANOGRASS
Each and every mobile phone requires a power source. But in the case of morph it has got not one but many power sources. It has got an enhanced energy density battery that is quicker to recharge and is able to endure more charging cycles. Along with it polymer carbon nanotube composites with controlled conduction, nanotube enhanced super capacitors and nano composite solar cells also act as other power sources. Here nano enhanced dielectrics are used as separator and high power capacitors. Here energy is also harvested from RF using wideband antennas or by using nano electro mechanical (NEM) method. Microwatt level energy is harvested from waste energy in air. Nanograss is used for harvesting solar power. Nokia developed a full solid state, flexible Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using ZnO nanostructure that act as photovoltaics which harvests solar energy. Nanotechnology holds out the possibility that the surface of a device will become a natural source of energy via a covering of Nanograss structures that harvest solar power. At the same time new high energy density storage materials allow batteries to become smaller and thinner, while also quicker to recharge and able to endure more charging cycles. ZnO nanostructures may also play an important role in low-cost photovoltaics. Researchers from Nokia and the University of Cambridge have demonstrated a new method for making a full solid-state, flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Although their efficiency needs improvement, these DSSCs may present a low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics. Because conventional DSSCs also pose challenges related to solvent leakage and evaporation, Nokia is working to develop a stable DSSC based on solid electrolytes.
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4.3 SELF-CLEANING
Nanotechnology also can be leveraged to create self-cleaning surfaces on mobile devices, ultimately reducing corrosion, wear and improving longevity. Nanostructured surfaces, such as Nanoflowers naturally repel water, dirt, and even fingerprints utilizing effects also seen in natural systems. A nanoflower, in chemistry, refers to a compound of certain elements that results in formations which in microscopic view resemble flowers or, in some cases, trees that are called nanobouquets or nanotrees. These formations are nanometers long and thick so they can only be observed using electron microscopy Nanoflowers naturally repel water, dirt, and even fingerprints utilizing effects also seen in natural systems. That is why it is used for self cleaning purpose. Zinc oxide changes resistance when molecules of ethanol vapour stick onto it in a process called adsorption. The flower- like structures work at lower temperatures because their tiny size enhances adsorption. Each flower is made up of bundles of nanorods 15nm wide. They were made by blasting a zinc-containing solution with ultrasound.
4.4 STRETCHABLE
Nokia are developing thin-film electronic circuits and architectures supported on elastomeric substrates which are robust enough to allow multi-directional stretching. Nanotechnology enables materials and components that are flexible, stretchable, transparent and remarkably strong. Fibril proteins are woven into a three dimensional mesh that reinforces thin elastic structures. This elasticity enables the device to literally change shapes and configure itself to adapt to the task at hand. Thus nanoscale structure of the electronics enables stretching . A folded design would fit easily in a pocket and could lend itself ergonomically to being used as a traditional handset. An unfolded larger design could display more detailed information, and incorporate input devices such as keyboards and touch pads.
FIG 8:- Stretchable A nanoscale mesh of fibers similar to spider silk controls the stretching when device is folded. ZnO nanowires act as flexible tactile arrays that enable the flexible ability of Nokia Morph. Arrays of aligned zinc oxide nanowires grown hydrothermally from zinc salt precursor on the surface of substrates (at roughly 70 100 C) are used here. 4.5 TRANSPARENT ELECTRONICS The whole electronic circuit inside Nokia Morph is entirely transparent. Nanoscale electronics becomes invisible to human eye. The major platform for transparent electronics came into existence with the introduction of transparent resistive random access memory (TRRAM)
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4.6 SPIDER-SILK
A Nanoscale mesh of fibers controls the stretching when the device is folded. Using the same principle behind spider silk enabling the device to literally change shapes and configure itself to adapt to the task at hand. Fibril proteins are woven into a three dimensional mesh that reinforces thin elastic structures, making these devices highly adaptable. The device is made of several threads of spider silk which is stretchable to a limit. This helps the device in folding. It is so versatile that the entire surface of device available for user interface.
FIG 10:- spider silk 4.7 HAPTIC SURFACE Touch sensitive and responsive (HAPTIC) surface of Nokia Morph is provided by large area sensing surfaces using piezoelectric nanowire arrays. ZnO nanowires are used to produce the piezoelectric nanowire arrays. Buttons on the device surface are in real 3D forms.
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FIG 11:- Haptic surface of Nokia Morph. ZnO exhibits an unusual combination of properties, including uniaxial piezoelectric response and n-type semiconductor characteristics. Nokia is exploiting these qualities to achieve strain-based electromechanical transducersideal for touch-sensitive (even direction-sensitive) surfaces.
4.9 RECYCLING
Utilization of biodegradable materials might make production and recycling of devices easier and ecologically friendly.
5.2 Disadvantages
5.2.1 Due to the granular structure, nano particles can go unnoticed on a persons hand, but the risk of inhaling this could be very dangerous. This can duly be a cause of death. 5.2.2 Lack of a reliable power source: Nokia is still searching new battery materials to power the Morph. This is a significant technical drawback that Nokia has to overcome before launching this concept. 5.2.3 Overpriced.
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CHAPTER 6 6. CONCLUSION
According to the developers, using nanotechnology can lead to low cost manufacturing solutions as well as adjustable, empowering devices, bringing us new, versatile possibilities. These mobile devices will be flexible, stretchable and shape changing, so that they can be easily integrated in our everyday routines without special adjustments on our part. Unfortunately, it might take close to a decade until the elements of Morph might be available for integration into handheld devices. Nanosensors would raise the awareness of mobile devices' users to the environment in a new way. Think Morph as a snapshot of a new kind of mobility made possible through nanotechnology and along with Nokia Research as their slogan says Thinking, understanding and creating mobile innovations for cultures all over the world and Cambridge University Nanoscience research centre the Morph has the potential of being both evolutionary and revolutionary when applied to the field of mobile technology and with more it always be bonded and is always be connected to a range of objects and services that have not yet being imagined. Thus NOKIA MORPH is just a beginning to the future mobiles.
CHAPTER 8 8. REFERENCE
www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk www.inac.purdue.edu research.nokia.com/projects/nanosciences www.nokia.com/A4852062
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