Tiny False Buttonweed

Kingdom: Order: Family: Genus: Species:

Plantae Rubiales Rubiaceae Spermacoce Spermacoce pusilla

Scientific name : Spermacoce pusilla Features: Tiny False Buttonweed is an annual erect herb, growing up to 60 cm tall. Stems are 4-angled, with small recurved prickles. Linear or narrowly elliptic leaves, 20 70 x 25 mm, have some rough hairs above, and are smooth below. Four petalled flowers appear in a round head, to 1.2 cm wide, in leaf axils or at the end of branches. Sepals are narrowly triangular, to 1.2 mm long. Flowers are white or faint pink, 1.72.4 mm long, tube to 1.3 mm long, petals to 1.1 mm long. Stamens, equal to or longer than the petals, protrude out of the flower. Style is equal to or longer than the petals. Habitat: Usually in open Dipterocarp forest. Propagation methods: It is propagated by seed or direct sow after last frost.

Goose Grass

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Plantae Poales Poaceae Eleusine Eleusine indica

Scientific name : Eleusine indica Features: It is tufted summer annual grass, with C4 physiology and extremely rapid growth in full sunlight. Growth is much reduced (and more erect) under shade. Eleusine indica produces a prostate, matlike rosette.It has flattened stem, bright green leaves, size and many-flowered character of spikelets, lack of awns.First leaf 3-5 times longer than wide, opens parallel to the ground. Leaf sheaths are flattened, smooth, and even on seedlings often distinctly white to silver at the base. Its stem is culms geniculately ascending, or decumbent; slender; 1585 cm (5.9 33.46 inch) long. Depending on density of vegetation, but not usually rooting at the nodes. Culm-internodes elliptical in section. Its leaves is flat to V-shaped, up to 8 mm (0.31 inch) wide, 15 cm (5.9 inch) long coming to a longer, acute, boatshaped tip. The leaves are glabrous and usually fairly bright, fresh green in color. The ligule is a very short membranous rim up to 1 mm (0.039 inch) long, sparsely fringed with short hairs.Sheaths and stem bases are distinctly flattened. Habitat: Cultivated and other disturbed situations, typical weed of disturbed urban areas. Propagation methods: It is propagated by seed.

Love Grass

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Plantae Poales Poaceae Chrysopogon Chrysopogon aciculatus

Scientific name : Chrysopogon Aciculatus Features: It is extensively creeping, covered with imbricate scale-like old sheaths, sending up numerous sterile leafy shoots; culms 15-25 cm tall, ascending or erect from a decumbent base. Sheaths 1-3 cm long or the uppermost up to 6 cm long, striate, sometimes purple-tinged, imbricate, sparsely pilose at throat and along margins; ligule a densely ciliate ridge ca 0.2 mm long; blades 2-8 cm long, 3-5 mm wide, the uppermost nearly obsolete, margins scabrous and sparsely serrate, sparsely papillose-hispid near base, thin, glossy, often undulate. Panicles reddish purple, narrowly elliptic, 3-6 cm long, the branches " whorled, 0.5-1.5 cm long, slender, stiffly ascending or appressed; spikelet clusters 6-8 mm long, disarticulating from the pedicel or branch by a long oblique callus extending down 1 side as a brown, appressed hispidulous ridge ca. 5 mm long, callus forming a retrorsely bearded, barbed point; sessile spikelet 3-4 mm long, acute, glabrous, hispidulousscabrous on upper margins, callus pubescent, oblique, ca. 4 mm long, first glume lanceolate, dorsally flattened, ca. 3.8 mm long, 2-nerved, bifid, scabrid-setose, margins revolute, second glume narrowly boat-shaped, ca. 3.4 mm long, 3nerved, the midnerve prolonged into a short, scabrid-setose awn ca. 0.8 mm long, margins delicately hyaline, pubescent, first lemma ca. 2.8 mm long, delicately hyaline, margins pubescent, second lemma 2.5-3 mm long, narrow, delicately hyaline, tapering into an awn ca. 5 mm long, palea delicately hyaline, oblongacute, ca. 1.6 mm long; pedicellate spikelets purple, pedicels 2-3 mm long, hispidulous at apex, glumes ca. 5 mm long, scabrous at apex, acuminate or awnpointed, first floret sterile, second floret staminate, lemmas about equal, awnless, shorter than glumes. Caryopsis oblong, ca. 2 mm long

Habitat: Often common in dry, exposed areas, usually on slopes and ridges Propagation methods: It is propagated by sharp spiked seeds carried in fur, feathers, or clothing.

Swamp Milet

Kingdom: Order: Family: Genus: Species:

Plantae Poales Poaceae Isachne Isachne globosa

Scientific name : Isachne globosa Features: It is annual or short-lived perennial; culms 5-60 cm tall, erect or decumbent and rooting at the lower nodes, the internodes cylindrical, hollow, glabrous, the nodes glabrous or pilose. Sheaths rounded, usually glabrous, one margin ciliate, the collar usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent; ligule 1-3 mm long; blades 2-8 cm long, 4-14 mm wide, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, flat, acuminate, scabrous, sometimes pubescent on one or both surfaces, the margin scabrous. Panicle 312 cm long, the branches ascending to widely spreading, glabrous or scabrous, the pedicels with glandular spots or bands, the pulvini glabrous. Spikelets 1.8-2.5 mm long, subglobose, obtuse, green or purplish; lower glume 1.6-2.4 mm long, ovate, obtuse, (5)-7-9 nerved, usually scabrous in the upper half sometimes with a few setae, the margin broadly hyaline; upper glume 1.4-2.1 mm long, slightly shorter than the lower, nearly orbicular, obtuse to emarginate, 7-11-nerved, usually scabrous in the upper half, the margin broadly hyaline; lower floret staminate, nearly membranous, 1.8-2.6 mm long, 0.9-1.3 mm wide, distinctly longer than the upper floret, broadly elliptic, glabrous, grooved on the back; upper floret pistillate, indurate, 1.4-2.4 mm long, 0.9-1.3 mm wide, broadly elliptic to ovate-elliptic, densely puberulent, stigmas purple; anthers 1.2-1.8 mm long; caryopsis suborbicular in outline, plano-convex, 1.0-1.1 mm long, 0.9-1.0 mm wide, dark reddish brown.

Habitat: At the higher elevation the species was found in open, sunny, swampy ground near a creek . Propagation methods: It is propagated by seeds.

Bermuda Grass

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Plantae Poales Poaceae Cynodon Cynodon dactylon

Scientific name : Cynodon dactylon Features: This is a perennial grass, forming thick mats by means of stolons and rhizomes (Gibbs Russell et al. 1991). The culms (stems) take root at the lower nodes. The leaf blade is flattened with a sharp tip, and is hairy or glabrous (hairless). The leaf sheath is round and glabrous; the ligule has ring of hairs or a short membrane. The inflorescence consists of 3-7 slender spikes up to 60 mm long, arranged terminally on the axis. The spikelets are sessile and without an awn. Flowering time is from March to September. Habitat: Cynodon dactylon occurs on almost all soil types especially in fertile soil, e.g. loamy soil. It is common in disturbed areas such as gardens, roadsides, overgrazed, trampled areas, uncultivated lands, localities with high levels of nitrogen, and is often found in moist sites along rivers. It is suitable for cultivation under dry land conditions. Propagation methods: It is propagated by seeds.

White Kyllinga

Kingdom: Order: Family: Genus: Species:

Plantae Poales Cyperaceae Cyperus Cyperus kyllingia

Scientific name : Cyperus kyllingia Features: A smooth plant, with creeping underground stems. Leaves many, short; leaf sheaths thin, membranous, pale to purplish. Flower stems often 3 to 18 inches high, ridged, soft, with three to four dark brown leafy bracts at the top. Spike 1 (rarely 2 to 3), ovoid to round, 1/4 inch in diameter; spikelets white, numerous, 1to 2-flowered; flower scales membranous, strawlike. Fruit a nut, brown. Habitat: A weed in waste and grassy places. Occasionally used as a lawn grass in shady areas. Propagation methods: It is propagated by seed and underground stems.

Nut Grass

Kingdom: Order: Family: Genus: Species:

Plantae Poales Cyperaceae Cyperus Cyperus Rotundus

Scientific name : Cyperus Rotundus Features: Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) is a smooth, erect and perennial weed with an extensive subterranean tuber system (Hauser 1962, in Quayyum et al. 2000; Singh Pandey & Singh 2009). It usually attains a height of about 30 cm (Quayyum et al. 2000). Purple nutsedge appears grass like, but its stems are triangular in cross-section. It has fibrous roots that branch prolifically, rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, and inflorescences that consist of irregular compound umbels. Its leaves are mostly basal and linear in shape with a prominent mid-rib Habitat: A weed in waste and grassy places. Occasionally used as a lawn grass in shady areas. Propagation methods: It is propagated by seeds and rhizomes.

Buffel Grass

Kingdom: Order: Family: Genus: Species:

Plantae Poales Poaceae Cenchrus Cenchrus ciliaris

Scientific name : Cenchrus ciliaris Features: A tufted perennial grass, 60100 cm high. Leaf blades 100250 x 48 mm. Inflorescence (Gibbs Russell et al. 1990): a bristly false spike, 40120 mm long, straw- or purple-coloured; all bristles are joined at base below spikelet cluster to form a small inconspicuous disc, bristles mostly 510 mm long, outer bristles slender and scabrid, inner bristles slender and plumose. Spikelet 45 x 3 mm; lower glume (the bracts at the base of the spikelet) 1-nerved or nerveless and upper glume 13-nerved, minutely awned; lower lemma usually 5-nerved, minutely awned; upper lemma similar to lower lemma (encloses grass flower), slightly thicker in texture; anther 1.52.7 mm long. A variable species, with many cultivars available e.g. Malopo. Flowering: August to April. Habitat: It occurs in the more arid parts of southern Africa and tropical Africa, the Mediterranean areas, and in Arabia to India. Introduced to Australia and other hot, drier areas of the world where it has been imported as cultivated pasture. Foxtail buffalo grass grows in dry, warm parts. It grows in all types of soil, but mostly in sandy soil and other well-drained soil types. It is often found along roadsides where it utilizes the additional runoff rainwater. Propagation methods: It is propagated by seeds .

Carpet Grass

Kingdom: Order: Family: Genus: Species:

Plantae Poales Poaceae Axonopus Axonopus fissifolius

Scientific name : Axonopus fissifolius Features: Shallow-rooted (>90 % of roots in the 0-5 cm layer) perennial, initially forming shortly rhizomatous tufts that quickly develop vigorous stolons with relatively short, glabrous oval-section ( 2 x 1.5 mm) internodes; forms a dense mat with foliage 15-30 cm tall, and flowering culms mostly 30-60 cm; can be mowed to a turf. Leaf sheath compressed, keeled, largely glabrous; ligule a fringed membrane 0.5 mm long; blades 4-6 (-8) mm wide, and 5-15 (-28) cm long, flat or folded, glabrous except for sparse spreading hairs on the lower margins of young leaves, bluntly acute at the tip. Inflorescence a panicle comprising 2 or 3 (rarely 4-7) slender, spikelike racemes, paired or sub-digitately arranged on a long slender peduncle; racemes (2-) 3-7 (-10) cm long; spikelets, 1.7-2.8 mm long, 1 mm broad, inserted alternately either side of a flattened rachis; caryopsis tan to pale brown, compressed-ellipsoid to lenticular , 1.4-1.8 mm long. 2.5-3 million seeds per kg. Habitat: Weed of fine-leafed lawns and better quality pastures. It can be useful as a pasture or lawn grass on poorer soils where more desirable species will not thrive. Propagation methods: It is propagated by seeds .