General Introduction To The Circulatory System; Anatomy Of The Heart And Its Central Importance

Objectives: 1. Be able to follow blood through all chambers and valves of the heart and great vessels as well as entry and exits from both circuits. 2. Identify major structures of the heart on sheep heats and human models. 3. Be able to describe pressures and sounds associated with the cardiac cycle. 4. Explain the cause of each heart sound and the significance of various abnormal heart sounds (murmurs). I. INSTRUCTIONS Pre-read: Chapter 19, 716-736 1.) Quick introduction to the general pattern of circulation. Complete the naming exercise. See figure 19.1-19.8. 2.) Circulation through the heart. Basic anatomy as seen in figure 19.9 as well as diagrams given in lab. 3.) In your lab group, obtain a heart model and find all the structures listed in the ID lists below. Be sure to relate the heart to general patterns of circulation seen in the naming exercise/diagram used in #1 above. 4.) Follow the instructions for dissecting the pig/sheep heart very carefully. As the dissection continues be sure to take notes on the video clips showing the valves in action. 5.) When completed with your hearts (i.e. finding all the parts listed in the ID lists below) exchange hearts with a neighboring group or groups and find all the same parts again!!! 6.) When hearts are put away (bucket for storage), obtain a stethoscope from the front desk and listen to heart sounds on either yourself or a willing partner. Be sure to hear and identify the two distinct sounds (first and second heart sounds). 7.) With the help of figure 19.19, fill in the following table: SOUND ASSOC.WITH START OF PHASE PRESSURES ON SYSTEMIC SIDE

DEFINITIONS OF: Systole

OPEN VALVES

CLOSED VALVES

Diastole

8.) As an exercise, define murmurs and describe whether the following valve problems and murmurs would be systolic or diastolic murmurs. a.) aortic stenosis b.) pulmonary insufficiency c.) mitral stenosis d.) tricuspid insufficiency 9.) Identify the other possible murmurs and finish the above exercise

II.

ID LIST EXTERNAL (MODELS, DIAGRAMS AND/OR PIG HEARTS) Ascending aorta L coronary artery and branches anterior interventricular circumflex R coronary artery and branches Marginal Posterior interventricular coronary sinus Pulmonary Arteries Aortic arch Descending aorta Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Auricles and Atria Ventricles Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary veins

INTERNAL (MODELS, DIAGRAMS AND/OR PIG HEARTS) Mitral (Left AV) valve Tricuspid (Right AV) valve Aortic semilunar Atria Pulmonary semilunar Papillary muscle Interventricular septum Chordae tendineae Inferior vena cava Coronary sinus Coronary artery openings Ffossa ovale Ligamentum arteriosum