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AMERICAN COMMERCIAL
INCORPORATED

Lattice Girders
Used in conjunction with shotcrete
American Commercial Inc. has been a leader in the development and manufacturing of underground support systems for over 80 years. American Commercial Inc. has the rights to produce and market the Pantex Lattice Girders. Pantex Stahl AG is the originator of the "Pantex" lattice girder and is the leading supplier of these girders for the NATM systems in Europe. Lattice girders serve some of the same basic functions in tunneling as steel arch supports. They are part of the temporary lining which initially supports the excavation and, in some cases, are part of the finished lining. Used with the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) of shotcrete application, lattice girder systems offer a very economical alternative to other support methods for a wide variety of ground conditions.

support
Applications The use of lattice girders should be considered for projects where shotcrete will be used for temporary or permanent support. These include mining through soft ground, mixed face and rock tunnels, in which widths or heights may vary. Lattice girders are applied equally well to circular and horseshoe shaped excavations, whether driven full face or heading and bench. Easier to handle Lattice girders are light and easy to install safely by hand. The use of lattice girders in conjunction with shotcrete reduces material handled in the tunnel. Crew sizes can be reduced because the supports, which are much lighter than conventional steel arches, can be handled easily without special equipment.

Shotcrete application
The main advantage of the Lattice Girder is its ability in working with shotcrete. It provides a more efficient bond with the shotcrete strength. Because of the open nature of the lattice beam's construction, shotcrete passes through it readily, reducing the possibility of unconsolidated shotcrete areas behind the beam. The shotcrete can be applied evenly producing a superior, integral lining.

Orme Street Phase III - Bradshaw Construction

Advantages For The Use of Lattice Girders

Lattice girders provide the following advantages:

. Immediate roof support over the excavated section. . Act as a template assuring a minimum thickness when applying shotcrete.

. Work equally well with machine mining or drill and shoot tunneling - no need for major investment in special equipment. . Are practical supports for a wide range of ground conditions. . Can be erected within a few minutes by a small crew without special handling equipment.

Become part of the reinforcement lining.

in the shotcrete

. Provide support for spilling, if needed, over the next excavation area.

Pantex Lattice Girders I 3-Bars

With spaced diagonals, three bars are assembled to form a girder. The single bar can be located against the ground or towards the inside of the tunnel, fitting a specified design geometry. The spaced stiffening elements reduce the local buckling length of the bars, assure a high normal and bending moment resistance, and secure a transfer of lateral forces in the lining before the shotcrete has reached its design strength.

3-Bar Lattice Girder Properties

C.P. BAR SIZE

52
WEIGH H B (in) 3.94 e (in) 2.01 1.88 2.42 5.50 2.20 2.69 2.94 7.09 2.59 3.18 3.37 3.63 3.67 8.66 3.15 3.93 5.12 3.75 2.75 H1 (in) Ix (in') 3.441 4.676 5.544 7.375 8.937 Sx (in') 1.716 2.226 2.295 2.886 3.036 Iy (in') 2.324 2.395 5.064 5.135 8.226 8.950 9.028 13.906 Sy (in') 1.180 1.216 1.846 1.867 2.991 2.526 2.548 3.21
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JOINT PLATE FOOT PLATE SIZE LENGTH UNITW SIZE UNITW (in) (in) 49/16 49/16 r>< 55/16 51/2 53/4 69/16 63/4 71/16 711/16 (Ibs) 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.6 4.8 8.0 3/8x7x8 6.0 3/8x6x6 3.8 (in) 3I8x5x5 (Ibs) 2.7

TYPE S, S, S, (Ibslft) (in) 6 8 C> 6.72 3.70 50 70 6 6 6 8 6 95 6 8 6 10 c.q 8.26 8 6.95

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Pantex Lattice Girders I 4-Bars

With spaced diagonals, four bars are assembled to form a girder. Fabrication of the girder to the design geometry is possible. The spaced stiffening elements reduce the local buckling length of the bars and assure a high normal and bending moment resistance and a secure transfer of lateral forces in the lining before the shotcrete has reached its design strength. 4-Bar Lattice Girder Properties
C.P. TYPE H1 D (mm) S WEIGHT H BAR LBS/FT SIZE (in) 5 6 7 8 10 7.61 8.88 10.23 13.43 17.16 5.19 5.44 5.69 5.94 6.44 B (in) A BARS (in') 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.1 4.9 Ix (in') 6.42 9.77 14.04 19.34 33.50 Sx (in') 2.47 3.59 4.94 6.52 10.41 Iy (in') 3.40 4.55 5.75 6.97 9.34 Sy (in') 1.72 2.31 2.92 3.54 4.75

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SIZE (in) LGTH (in) 51/4 51/2 53/4 6 61/2 63/4 7 71/4 71/2 8 83/8 85/8 87/8 9 1/8 95/8 915/16 103/16 107/8 1011/16 113/16 UNIT WT LBS 5.6 5.9 6.1 6.4 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.7 8 8.5 8.9 9.2 9.5 9.7 10.3

Fool 'HIp. SIZE UNIT WT (in) LB

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7.88 9.14 10.51 13.71 17.42 8.51 9.78 11.15 14.35 18.06 9.80 11.06 12.43 15.63 19.34

6.76 7.01 7.26 7.51 8.01 8.34 8.59 8.84 9.09 9.59 9.91 10.16 10.41 10.66 11.16

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1.2 1.8 2.4 3.1 4.9 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.1 4.9 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.1 4.9

11.54 17.32 24.55 33.38 56.39 20.28 30.13 42.29 56.94 94.44 28.45 42.06 58.75 78.74 129.41

3.42 4.95 6.77 8.90 14.10 4.64 6.70 9.14 11.99 18.89 5.55 8.01 10.93 14.32 22.51

7.32 10.03 12.98 16.10 22.65 12.85 17.82 23.34 29.32 42.33 19.84 27.71 36.57 46..29 67.88

2.66 3.65 4.72 5.86 8.24 3.63 5.03 6.58 8.27 11.94 4.58 6.40 8.44 10.65 15.68

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GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1. All lattice girders shall consist of three or four primary retaining bars connected by stiffening elements of the manufacturers design. The lattice girder will be designed to allow shotcrete to penetrate into and behind the girder with a minimum of shotcrete shadows. The stiffening elements will be made of one single formed smooth bar. The connection between stiffening elements and the retaining bars will be by gas metal arc welding.

2. The lattice girders will have moment properties about the neutral axis as shown. A minimum of 5% of the moment of inertia shall be provided by the stiffening elements. This percentage will be calculated as an average along a repeatable length of the girder. 3. The maximum centerline spacing of stiffening elements shall be less than three times the height of the girder to assure stability over buckling with a tolerance of plus or minus 1". 4. The connection elements at the end of the girder may be made with structural plates, angles or tubular couplers. The foot plates must be able to transfer the load to the soil or rock in the invert. The connecting elements must be able to transfer the full load capacity of the girder.
FABRICATION:

1. Lattice girder segments shall be composed of a low alloy steel used for concrete reinforcement and intended for special applications where bending and welding are of importance. 2. Minimum physical properties of Tensile Strength minimum Yield Strength minimum Ultimate Elongation minimum steel: 80 ksi 70 ksi 10%

3. The connection elements at the end of the girder shall be constructed of structural angle or plate meeting the minimum properties of A36. Bolts and nuts shall meet the requirements of A325 unless otherwise noted. 4. Welding process to meet the requirements set forth by AWS for gas metal arc welding (GMAW). All welders must be certified in accordance with AWS D1.1. All welds will run parallel to the retaining bars with a minimum length of 1".

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AMERICAN COMMERCIAL
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Corporate Office and Bristol Plant. 200 Bob Morrison Boulevard. Tel (540) 466-2743. Louisville Operation and Plant. Tel Fax (540) 669-0940

Bristol, VA 24201-3810

1032 East Chestnut Street.

Louisville, KY 40204-1019

(502) 473-1010.

Fax (502) 473-0707

www.americancommercial.com