Chapter 4 AP MC Questions

1. A study has been carried out to compare the effectiveness of 4 different diets on weight loss. Fifty people are randomly assigned to each diet for a period of 6-weeks. The distributions of the amounts of weight lost for each diet is summarized in the following histograms. Note to artist: Please change titles on graphs to Diet 1, Diet 2, Diet 3 and Diet 4
Diet A
20

Diet B
20

15

15
Frequency
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 Weight Lost (lbs) 24 27 30 33

Frequency

10

10

12 15 18 21 Weight Lost (lbs)

24

27

30

33

Diet C
20
20

Diet D

15
Frequency

15

Frequency

10

10

12 15 18 21 Weight Lost (lbs)

24

27

30

33

12 15 18 21 Weight Lost (lbs)

24

27

30

33

One way to compare the diets would be to compare the mean weight loss for each diet. Order the diets from largest to smallest using the mean weight lost. A. B. C. D. E. 2, 1, 4, 3 3, 2, 4, 1 2, 4, 1, 3 2, 1, 3, 4 3, 2, 1, 4

2. The commute times (in minutes) for a sample of 23 commuters in a metropolitan area are summarized in the stem-and-leaf display below.
Leaf Unit = 1.0 0 6 1 258 2 235 3 01257 4 01224455678

Determine the mean and median commute time for this sample. A. B. C. D. E.
x x x x x 2 , median = 2 3.91 , median = 2 3.91 , median = 4 33.48 , median = 37 37 , median = 37

3. California fishermen fishing for spiny lobster are allowed to keep only lobsters with a carapace length of 3.25 inches or longer. (The carapace length is measured from the rear edge of the eye socket to the rear edge of the body shell.) Any lobster smaller than 3.25 must be returned to the sea. Suppose that lobster carapace lengths have a distribution that is approximately normal with a mean of 5.50 inches and a standard deviation of 2.25 inches. Approximately what proportion of lobsters will have to be returned to the sea? A. B. C. D. E. 16% 34% 50% 68% 84%

4. Which of the following is closest to the value of the upper quartile for the histogram shown?

A. B. C. D. E.

0 12 27 37 50

5. A data set consists of 5 numbers: -6.0, -4.5, 0, 5.0, and an unknown 5th number. For these 5 data points, which of the following statistics can NEVER be greater than zero? A. B. C. D. E. the arithmetic mean the sample standard deviation the interquartile range the median the 20% trimmed mean

6. The values shown are observations on the number of cars rented at a rental car facility on 20 randomly selected days last year. 0 24 2 25 6 25 9 25 10 28 10 30 18 33 22 37 22 40 23 42

Which observations would be displayed as outliers in a boxplot of these data? A. B. C. D. E. 0 only 42 only 0 and 42 are the only outliers 0, 2, 40 and 42 are the only outliers None of the observations are outliers

7. The five number summary for a data set is Minimum: 60 Lower Quartile: 75 Median: 78 Upper Quartile: 82 Maximum: 89 Which of the following is true for this data set? A. There are no outliers in the data set. B. This data set has at least one outlier on the high end and at least one outlier on the low end.

C. This data set has at least one outlier on the high end and no outliers on the low end. D. This data set has no outliers on the high end and at least one outlier on the low end. E. It is not possible to determine if the data set contains outliers from the information provided.

8. Which of the following statements are true? I. It is impossible for a data set to have a standard deviation that is larger than the mean. II. If two data sets have different ranges, the data set with the larger range will always have the larger standard deviation. III. The interquartile range of a data set can never be larger than the range. A. B. C. D. E. I only II only III only II and III only I, II and III

9. Which of the five boxplots shown corresponds to a data set with the 5-number summary below? Minimum: 55 Lower Quartile: 66 Median: 74 Upper Quartile: 83 Maximum: 94

A. B. C. D. E.

Boxplot 1 Boxplot 2 Boxplot 3 Boxplot 4 Boxplot 5

10. Each person in a sample of 75 unemployed people who were looking for work was asked how many weeks they had been unemployed. The data is summarized in the accompanying frequency distribution. Weeks Unemployed 13 46 79 10 12 13 15 More than 15 Frequency 22 31 11 8 1 2

Which of the following could have been the median of the data set? A. B. C. D. E. 2 5 8 11 16

11. Consider the two sets of rectangles shown below: Note to artist: Please draw a light grid behind the rectangles.

Set 1:

Set 2:

Which of the following statements are true? I. The standard deviation of horizontal length for the rectangles in Set 1 is equal to the standard deviation of horizontal length for the rectangles in Set 2. II. The standard deviation of vertical length for the rectangles in Set 1 is 0. III. The standard deviation of vertical length is greater than the standard deviation of horizontal length for the rectangles of Set 2.

A. B. C. D. E.

I only II only III only I and III only I, II, and III

12. The mean and standard deviation of a data set with 50 observations are 47 and 10, respectively. A new data set is formed by adding 3 to the smallest observation in the data set and subtracting 3 from the largest observation in the data set. How will the mean and standard deviation of the new data set compare to the mean and standard deviation of the original data set? A. The mean and standard deviation of the new data set will be equal to the mean and standard deviation of the original data set. B. The mean of the new data set will be equal to the mean of the original data set but the standard deviation of the new data set will be smaller than the standard deviation of the original data set.

C. The mean of the new data set will be smaller than the mean of the original data set but the standard deviation of the new data set will be equal to the standard deviation of the original data set. D. The mean of the new data set will be larger than the mean of the original data set but the standard deviation of the new data set will be smaller than the standard deviation of the original data set. E. The mean of the new data set will be smaller than the mean of the original data set and the standard deviation of the new data set will be smaller than the standard deviation of the original data set.

13. Fifty observations on waiting time (rounded to the nearest minute) for patients at a walk-in medical clinic were used to compute a sample mean waiting time. The two largest observations in the data set were 75 minutes and 120 minutes. It was later determined that there was an error in recording the data and the observation of 120 minutes should have been 12 minutes. How would correcting this error affect the sample mean? A. B. C. D. The corrected sample mean will be smaller. The correction will not change the value of the sample mean. The corrected sample mean will be larger. The corrected sample mean will be smaller only if the original sample mean (computed with 120 as one of the observations) was greater than 12. E. It is not possible to determine if the corrected sample mean will be larger or smaller than the original sample mean.

14. Each student in a sample of size 40 selected at random from those attending a particular university was asked how much they spent on housing per week. The smallest value in the data set was $70 and the largest was $620. If this data set was summarized using a stem-and-leaf display, which of the following would be the most appropriate choice of stems? A. B. C. D. E. 6, 7 0, 1, 2, , 6 70, 71, 71, , 619, 620 07, 08, 09, , 61, 62 0 - < 75, 75 - < 150, 150 - < 225, , 525 - < 600, 600 - < 675

15. A data set consisting of 100 observations was used to construct the following boxplot:

Based only on this boxplot, which of the following can be concluded about the shape of the sample distribution? I. II. III. The sample distribution is approximately symmetric. The sample distribution is approximately normal. The sample distribution is extremely skewed to the right (positively skewed).

A. B. C. D. E.

I only II only III only I and II I and III