- NEARCHEL BAD Special dispersing agent and generator of alkali specifically for dyeing of polyester with selected alkali-stable

disperse dyes.
If polyester is dyed in an alkaline bath, the precipitation of oligomer can be avoided.

Polyester Oligomer
cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate) between 1,5% and 3,5% by mass

Alkaline Dyeing of Polyester with Nearchel BAD. Reduction of Oligomer Deposits

PES Dyeing at pH 4.5 PES Dyeing with Nearchel BAD

The Alkaline dyeing method facilitates the removal of oligomers released during the dyeing process.

2 to 4 g/l NEARCHEL BAD is added to the dyebath at the beginning, combined with the specific levelling agents and dyestuff. The starting pH given by 3g/l NEARCHEL BAD is between 9.6 and 9.8 and this pH is maintained for almost all of the dyeing time, the pH at the end of the dyeing being between 8.9 and 9. Maintaining any variation in the pH of the dyeing to 9.4 0.5 ensures that a reliable and reproducible dyeing effect is always obtained.

A typical polyester dyeing process may involve:

Desizing and/or scouring Possibly caustic soda weight reduction Neutralise Dyeing at acid pH Reduction clearing Neutralise

Time, labour, water and energy savings can be made by eliminating the Neutralisation step and possibly the Reduction Clear step if dyeing is carried out at alkaline pH with Nearchel BAD.

Disperse dyestuffs are usually applied at acid pH in order to prevent hydrolysis and ensure good reproducibility. Careful dyestuff selection is essential to make dyeing at alkaline pH possible. The graph below shows the rate of hydrolysis for 3 disperse dyestuffs with increasing pH. 1 100 80 Rate of Hydrolysis % 60 40 20 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 Sumikaron Navy S-GL cc (azo-based) 1 2 C.I. Disperse Red 73 (azo-based)

C.I. Disperse Blue 73 (anthraquinonebased)

pH of dyebath pH range for which dyestuff is stable to hydrolysis Azo dyestuff molecules with a substituent group sensitive to hydrolysis will suffer a colour change and a lower colour yield as shown in the following diagram. Azo dyestuff chromophores not containing a hydrolysing substituent could be used in an alkaline bath.

Alkaline dyeing of polyester with Nearchel BAD results in: Less oligomers on substrate Less machine contamination Lower processing costs (due to savings in time, labour, water and energy) Softer handle Better subsequent processing with yarns and tops

Dyestuffs suitable for alkaline dyeing of polyester.

NEARSPER Series:
Yellow S-3G Gold Yellow S-GR Orange S-GL 150% Orange BR Red B2B Red S-BL Rubine S-RL Brill. Blue S-GL Blue R AC Navy Blue SE Conc Black S-R PVD

Colour Index
disperse yellow 64 disperse yellow 133 disperse orange 29 disperse orange 25 disperse red 60 disperse red 92 disperse red 73 disperse blue 60 disperse blue 56 disperse blue mix disperse black mix

Dyeing with Nearchel BAD is suitable for rapid dyeing cycles, especially on: Yarns/fabrics where oligomer is a problem Fabrics which have been weight reduced with caustic soda
The information and recommendations in this publication are to the best of our knowledge, information and belief accurate at the date of publication. Nothing herein is to be construed as a warranty, express or otherwise. In all cases, it is the responsibility of the user to determine the application of such information or the suitability of any product for their own particular purpose.