2nd Submission on Instrument and process INSTRUMENT: MAGNETIC FLOW METERS : Magnetic flow meter (mag flowmeter) is a volumetric

flow meter and it does not have any moving parts. It can be used for corrosive or any difficult liquids. It is mostly used for wastewater applications or any dirty liquid that is conductive. When the fluid is hydrocarbons, Magnetic flowmeters will generally not work. Similarly it can not be used with distilled water and many non-aqueous solutions, Magnetic flowmeters shows high accuracy and are mostly suitable for applications where low pressure drop and low maintenance are required. Principal of operation: Magnetic flowmeters is based on Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction. Faradays law states that the voltage developed across the electrodes is proportional to the velocity of the liquid. In a magnetic flowmeter, a magnetic field is generated by the current carrying coils. As the conductive liquid passes through the magnetic field, voltage signal will develop which are sensed by electrodes located on the flow tube walls. When the flow rate of fluid is large, more voltage is generated. Then the electronic transmitter processes this voltage signal, which is used to determine liquid flow. Accuracy: The typical accuracy for a magnetic flow meter is + 0.5 percentage of full scale. This accuracy is among the best of the various pipe flow meters. Reliablity: The turndown ratio of magnetic flow meter is typically 40:1, which implies that it can be used to accurately measure a flow rate of as small as 1/40th of its maximum value. This value of turndown ratio is high as compared to for any of the other pipe flow measuring meter used commonly..Turndown ratio is flow measurement term which indicates what range a specific flow meter, or a particular type meter, is able to measure with high accuracy. It is an important aspect while choosing a flow meter technology for a specific application.It is also referred as range ability. Many factors which includes Moisture, vibration and changing environmental conditions all affect the reliability of magnetic flow meter and its measurement. Ease to Use: In magnetic flow meter, flow of the liquid is sensed as electric signals by electrodes. So, it is very easy and suitable for continuous machine reading and recording. Cost of magnetic flow meter: Generally price is high as compared to other flow meters. Suitable applications: Applications of dirty liquids are in the water, Municipal water, industrial wastewater, cooling tower water, mineral processing, and chemicals industries.Similar application is in mining, pulp and paper industry.Magnetic flowmeters have their application in water treatment plants where it is used to measure the sewage treated or untreated, process water and chemicals. In mineral process and mining industry applications includes measurement of process water and process slurry flows and heavy media flows.

If proper care is taken in materials of its construction, it can be used to measure flow of high corrosive liquids like acid and caustic , similarly abrasion causing (harsh) slurries can be measured. In many chemical industry processes and the chemical feed system which are used in many industries have the corrosive liquid applications.The Slurry applications are common in chemical industries like mining,, pulp and paper,waste water industries and mineral processing.The processes where liquid is fed using gravitational force, magnetic flow meters are used. Safety Magnetic flow meter should not be operated near to its electrical conductivity limit. This can cause flow meter to turnoff. some operating conditions and compositions can cause the electrical conductivity of liquid to change, so there should be allowance provided for changing such compositions and conditions. While measurement the flowmeter should be filled completely.If the flow meter is not filled completely then it will affect the measurement of flow significantl.Thus, orientation of flow meter should be such that it is filled completely with liquid. Engineering Specifications for Magnetic Flow Meter: Given below are some important specifications of magnetic flow meter: Minimum Conductivity of liquid required Power Requirements (electricity) Pressure Limits Power Consumption Optional Power Vacuum Limit Temperature Limit Accuracy of system Optional Accuracy Empty pipe detection (zero return) Rate Display Span Standard-optional Output, Cut-off value of signal Classification of enclosure, Classification for safety Materials of Construction

Important Advantages of Magnetic Flow Meter device: A magnetic flow meter provides no resistance to flow path, thus it causes a negligible pressure drop due to its pipe flow measurement function. The viscosity of the liquid does not effect the performance of the flowmeter. magnetic flow meter can be used for little high viscosity liquid. The magnetic flow meter does not create much problems when used with dirty liquids, corrosive liquids, or slurries, including wastewater.

The reliability of Magnetic flowmeter is higher the other conventional from meters like orifice, venturi meter. For measuring the voltage signals, very small amount of electrode metals are needed The measurement range of this type of flow meter is large (can measure high as well as low flow rates), with a minimum diameter. It can usually measure multidirectional flow (either upstream or downstream) with same and high accuracy. Disadvantage of the Magnetic flow meter: Liquid flowing through the flowmeter must be conductive as flow rate is sensed by voltage signals. So, it doesn't use non-conductive liquids. Conductivity of atleast 5ms/cm is needed. The magnetic flow meter is used mainly for liquids. It doesn't work well for gases. Magnetic flow meters have relatively high cost than other types of pipe flow meter. Some Magnetic flowmeters are heavy and large size depending upon the capacity. It becomes difficult to manage such devices.

PROCESS BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MILK PASTEURIZATION

CONTROLL ER

Product out(pasteurized milk out)

FLOW DIVERSION SYSTEM

Temperature sensor

H o l d i n g t u b e

COOLER

REGENERATOR

HEATER

RAW MATERIAL IN

Constant level tank

Booster pump

Timing system