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I.
Examine the following data from Swahili, a language spoken in East Africa, and answer the questions that follow.
s/he will like me s/he will like you s/he will like him s/he will like us s/he will like them
15. [atanipiga] s/he will beat me 16. [atakupiga] s/he will beat you 17. [atampiga] s/he will beat him 18. [ananipiga] s/he is beating me 19. [anakupiga] s/he is beating you 20. [anampiga] s/he is beating him 21. [amekupiga] s/he has beaten you 22. [amenipiga] s/he has beaten me 23. [amempiga] s/he has beaten him 24. [alinipiga] 25. [alikupiga] 26. [alimpiga] s/he beat me s/he beat you s/he beat him
8. [nitawapenda] I will like them 9. [utanipenda] 10.[utampenda] 11.[tutampenda] you will like me you will like him we will like him
12.[watampenda] they will like him 13.[atakusumbua] s/he will annoy you 14.[unamsumbua] you are annoying him
a. Give the Swahili morphemes for the following English translations: {ni-}:I {-li}:(past tense) {-sumbua}: annoy {ni-}:me {tu-}:us {me-}:(present perfect tense) {tu-}:we {u-}:you (as subject) {-ta}:(future tense) {-piga}:beat {-lipa}:pay {ku-}:you (as object) {-penda}:like {wa-}:they {a-}:s/he {-m}:him/her {wa-}:them {-na}:(present progressive tense)
b. What is the order in which the morphemes in Swahili are arranged (in terms of subject, object, verb, and tense)? Subject-tense-object-verb 1
1. I have beaten them: nimewapiga 2. They are beating me: wananipiga 3. They have annoyed me: wamenisumbua
4.You have beaten us: umetupiga 5.We beat them: tuliwapiga 6.I am paying him: ninamlipa
II. Draw the tree diagrams (representing the hierarchical structure) for the following English words:
Example: refinalizes
Verb
Verb
-s
re-
Verb
Adjective
-ize
final
a. organizationally
c.
reduplication 2
Adverb Adjective Noun Verb organize b. irretrievable d. -al -ly Verb reVerb duplicate unenlightened Adjective Adjective irVerb retrieve Adjective -able Noun light unVerb -en Adjective -ed Noun -ion
-tion
a. The naughty boy broke the window. b. She said that she did her homework yesterday. c. I love syntax very much. d. The teacher reads this book everyday.
a. SNP VP, NPDet N, NAdj N, NN, VPV NP, NPDet N b. SNP VP, NPN, VPV CP, CPC AuxP, AuxPNP Aux, AuxAux VP, VPVP AdvP, VPV NP, AdvPAdv c. SNP VP, NPN, VPVP AdvP, VPV NP, AdvPAdvP Adv, AdvPAdv d. SNP VP, NPDet N, VPVP AdvP, VPV NP, AdvPAdv
IV. The following expressions (compounds or phrases) are ambigious. For each meaning, plase explain the grouping with brackets and paraphrase the meaning (like in the example).
Example: top hat rack i. a rack for top hats ii. a hat rack which is at the top ((top hat) rack) (top (hat rack))
i) ii)
i) ii)
i) ii)
i) ii)