Smooth Muscle: o Description: Spindle-shaped, nonstriated fibers with one centrally located nucleus; usually involuntary control.

o Location: Walls of hollow internal structures such as blood vessels, airways to lungs, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and urinary bladder. o Function: Motion (constriction of blood vessels and airways, propulsion of foods through gastrointestinal tract; contraction of urinary bladder and gallbladder.

 Elastic Tissue: o Description: predominance of freely branching elastic fibers. Fibers give unstained tissue a yellowish color. Fibroblasts present in spaces between fibers. o Location: Stroma of lungs (bronchial tubes) and in walls of large arteries o Function: Elastic fibers can be stretched and will snap back into shape. Can stretch 1 times their size and then recoil. Provide elasticity for tissues.

 Tendon: o Description: tough bands of fibrous connective tissue. They only stretch a small amount o Location: connections between muscle and bone. Calcaneus, knee joint (patella bone), hands and feet, and elbow. o Function: They connect muscle to bones. They transmit force between bones and muscle.

 Reticular tissue: o Description: Form network or lattice. Fine interlacing reticular fibers and reticular cells. o Location: Spleen, lymph nodes, liver o Function: helps bind together the cells of smooth muscle. Gives support to soft organs.

Nerve/Neuron: o Description: a cell body and two kinds of processes called dendrites and axons. Neuroglia do not generate or conduct nerve impulses, but have other important functions o Location: Nervous System

o Function: Exhibits sensitivity to various types of stimuli, converts stimuli into nerve impulses, and conducts nerve impulses to other nerous, muscle fibers, or glands.(help coordinate body activities)

Spinal Ganglion: o Description: contains cell bodies of neurons in afferent spinal nerves. Are pseudo-unipolar neurons (distal process and proximal process) o Location: nodule on the dorsal root. Lie along the vertebral column by spine

o Function: are afferents (axons that relay sensory information into Central Nervous System.

Peripheral Nerve: o Description: Contains nerve cells called sensory or afferent neurons. o Location: outside of brain and spinal cord.

o Function: Connects Central Nervous System (CNS) to limbs and organs.

Liver: o Description: Heaviest gland in body. Completely covered by peritoneum and dense irregular connective tissue. Divided into two principal lobes (large right smaller left). Made up of lobules, made up with epithelial cells called hepatocytes.

o Location: under diaphragm and occupies most of right hypochondrium and part of epigastrium of abdomen. o Function: stores substances (glucose, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, iron, and copper). Responsible for immunological effects. Produces albumin and also synthesizes angiotensinogen.

Jejunum: o Description: about 2.5 m long and extend to the ileum. Compared to ileum, jejunum has larger diameter with thicker wall, has larger, more highly developed circular folds (plicae circulares), more vascular looking (redder in appearance). Jejunal arteries form fewer tiers of arterial arcades and longer vasa recta

o Location: section of small intestine between duodenum and ileum. o Function: absorbs carbohydrates and proteins. Amino acid, sugar, fatty acid particles, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes and water are small enough to soak into the villi of the jejunum and drop into the blood stream.

Testis: o Description: paired of oval glands covered by serous membrane called tunica vaginalis. Are glands and gonads.

o Location: develop high on the embryos posterior abdominal wall and usually begin their descent into scrotum through inguinal canals during latter half of seventh month of fetal development. Outside the body in a pouch of skin called a scrotum, which hangs between the legs below the penis. o Function: Make hormones: Testosterone (grow into a man and feel like man during puberty) Making sperm: Spermatogenesis occurs in testes where spermatozoa (sperm) is produced.

Corpus Luteum: o Description: mature vesicular ovarian follicle that has ruptured to expel a secondary oocyte. Temporary endocrine structure in mammals, involved in

production of relatively high levels of progesterone and moderate levels of estradiol and inhibin A. o Location: Inside ovary. o Function: The corpus luteum is essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy in females. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is a steroid hormone responsible for the decidualization of the endometrium (its development) and maintenance, respectively.

Kidney: o Description: reddish organs shaped like kidney beans. o Location: just above the waist between the parietal peritoneum and posterior wall of the abdomen. Between the levels of last thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Are partially protected by eleventh and twelfth pairs of ribs. Right

kidney slightly lower than the left because the liver occupies the large are on the right side. o Function: Removes waste products from blood and regulates the water fluid levels. Regulates acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, extracellular fluid volume, and regulates blood pressure. And secreting hormones such as erythropoietin.

2 Semester Histology Study: Other

Histological Cell Types

nd

Evelyn Carrillo Anatomy/Physiology Period: 4 Mr. Chan 16 April 2012 Table of Contents: Any Choice Magnification (High or Low): Cardiac Muscle (High). 1 Skeletal Muscle (High). 2 Hyaline Cartilage (High).. 3 Only High Magnification (650x): Lung. 4 Adipose Tissue. 5 Epididymis 6 Only Low Magnification (100x 250x): Spinal Cord (250x)... 7 Lymph Node (250x). 8 Pancreas (250x) 9

Observation of Slides: Smooth Muscle10 Elastic Tissue...11 Tendon 12 Reticular Tissue.. 13 Nerve/Neuron. 14 Spinal Ganglion.. 15 Peripheral Nerve. 16 Liver 17 Jejunum... 18 Testis... 19 Corpus Luteum... 20 Ovary.. 21 Kidney 22

 Ovary o Description: paired glands resembling unshelled almonds in size and shape. Are ovum producing reproductive organ and are analogous to male testes since they too are glands and gonads.

o Location: lie in the upper pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus. Located lateral wall of pelvis in region called ovarian fossa. Usually lies beneath external iliac artery and in front of ureter and the internal iliac artery. o Function: Making Hormones: secrete estrogen and progesterone. Reproductive: help protect ova and release it monthly.