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DATA
FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AND VALUES
Quantity Symbol Jalue Units
speed oI light in vacuo c 3.00 10
8
m s
1

permeability oI Iree space
o
4 10
7
H m
1

permittivity oI Iree space
o
8.85 10
12
F m
1

charge oI electron e 1.60 10
19
C
the Planck constant h 6.63 10
34
J s
gravitational constant G 6.67 10
11
N m
2
kg
2

the Avogadro constant N
A
6.02 10
23
mol
1

molar gas constant R 8.31 J K
1
mol
1

the Boltzmann constant k 1.38 10
23
J K
1

the SteIan constant 5.67 10
8
W m
2
K
4

the Wien constant 2.90 10
3
m K
electron rest mass
(equivalent to 5.5 10
4
u)
m
e
9.11 10
31
kg
electron charge/mass ratio e/m
e
1.76 10
11
C kg
1

proton rest mass
(equivalent to 1.00728 u)
m
p
1.67(3) 10
27
kg
proton charge/mass ratio e/m
p
9.58 10
7
C kg
1

neutron rest mass
(equivalent to 1.00867 u)
m
n
1.67(5) 10
27
kg
gravitational Iield strength g 9.81 N kg
1

acceleration due to gravity g 9.81 m s
2

atomic mass unit
(1u is equivalent to 931.3 MeV)
u 1.661 10
27
kg
GEOMETRICAL EQUATIONS
arc length r
ASTRONOMICAL DATA circumference of circle 2 r
Body Mass/kg Mean radius/m area of circle r
2

Sun 1.99 10
30
6.96 10
8
surface area of cylinder 2 rh
Earth 5.98 10
24
6.37 10
6


volume of cylinder r
2
h
area of sphere 4 r
2

volume of sphere
3
4
r
3

General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Examination
June 2010
Physics A PHYA2
Unit 2 Mechanics, Materials and Waves
Data and Formulae Booklet
INSERT TO WMP/Jun10/PHYA2
2
AS FORMULAE
ELECTRICITY
PARTICLE PHYSICS

current and
pd
I
t
Q

J
Q
W
R
I
J


Rest energy values

emf
Q
E
= ) ( r R I + =
class name symbol
rest energy
/MeJ

resistors in series R R
1
R
2
R
3
.
photon photon 0
lepton neutrino v
e
0

resistors in parallel
...
1 1 1 1
3 2 1
+ + + =
R R R R

v

0
electron
e

0.510999

resistivity
L
RA
=
muon

105.659
mesons meson

139.576

power
P JI I
2
R
R
J
2



0
134.972
K meson
K

493.821

alternating current
I
rms

2
0
I
J
rms

2
0
J

K
0
497.762 MECHANICS
baryons proton p 938.257

moments moment Fd
neutron n 939.551


velocity and
acceleration
v
t
s

a
t
v

equations of motion v u at s
2
) ( v u +
t
v
2
u
2
2as
s ut
2
2
at

Properties of quarks
antiquarks have opposite signs

force F ma

type charge
baryon
number
strangeness
work, energy and
power
W F s cos
E
K
m v
2
E
P
mgh
u
3
2
e +
3
1
0

P
t
W

, P Fv
d
3
1
e
3
1
0

efficiency
power input
power output useIul

MATERIALS
s
3
1
e
3
1
-1


density

J
m

Hooke`s law F k L
Properties of Leptons tensile stress
A
F

lepton number

Young
modulus

strain tensile
stress tensile

particles: e

,
e
;

,

1
energy
stored
E
2
1
FL
tensile strain
L
L

WAVES
antiparticles: e

,
e
;

,


1
wave speed c f period
T
f
1

Photons and Energy Levels
photon energy E hf hc /

fringe
spacing
w
s
D

diffraction
grating
d sin n
photoelectricity hf E
K (max)

energy levels hf E
1
E
2


refractive index of a substance s,
n
s
c
c

de Broglie Wavelength
mv
h
p
h
= =

for two different substances of refractive indices n
1
and n
2
,
law of refraction n
1
sin
1
n
2
sin
2



critical angle sin
c

1
2
n
n
Ior n
1
~ n
2