CHARTS

Definition 1. Charts are visual displays arranged on thick sheets,poster paper,newsprint or cardboard.visual display could be a pictorial,graphic,numerical,or written material. 2. Charts can be defined as illustrative visual media for depicting a logical relationship between main ideas and supporting facts. Purpose of chart For motivating students For showing continuity of process For summarizing information For presenting abstract ideas in visual form For presenting the material symbolically for stimulating critical thinking

Types of chart 1. chain chart a circular or semi circular arrangements of facts and ideas for expressing transitions or cycles.ex:krebs cycle 2. the narrative chart narrative chart,an extended left to right arrangements of facts or ideas for expressing :a concept. 3. the cause and effect chart 4. it is usually a limited left to right arrangement of facts and ideas for expressing: a. relationship between lifestyle and predisposing factors b. relationship between pathology and clinical features 5. the tabulation chart a left to right top to bottom arrangements of facts and ideas for expressing:a)numerical data for making comparisons b)list of antenatal mothers,underfives or other specific groups in selected area. 6. Flow chart Diagrams used to show organizational elements or adiministrative or functional relationships. 7. Evolution chart A left to right arrangement of facts and ideas for expressing changes in specific items from beginning to date.for example human evolution,origin of medical-surgical nursing.etc 8. Tree chart To show the development or growth in the form of tree.ex-types of blood cells. 9. Time or table chart

To show the schedule of an activity or of an individual.ex-tour chart,time table of a class. 10. Geneology chart To represent historical facets or growth of a family 11. Pie chart A circle will be drawn and the divisions will be made into different sections,each section will be coded differently and code key will be given at right corner of the chart. GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF CHART

A. B. C.

D. E. F.

the size of the chart,the size of the letter and contrast of the display material should be such that it is readable by the farthest viewer standard size of the chart paper is 90cm-60cm and 70cm-55cm. the size of the letters for the captions,labels and keywords should be between 2 and 3cm for a classroom of 6m depth. The thickness of lines should be between 2 and 3mm. Light coloured chart paper,eg yellow,light green and white are better suited for dark coloured pens like black,blue,red etc. Simple hand drawn chart with nondecorative lettering are more effective than elaborately drawn or machine made charts One chart should convey just one idea or one principle Charts can be arranged to create on or more following visual effects I. Revelation- the whole chart can be covered with three or more paper strips from top to bottom.during display strip may be removed one by one in the desired sequence II. Overlay effect-a part of chart may be overlaid by another chart or by cellophane paper chart.the former is useful for filling in details and the latter for shading the desired area of a diagram or for labelling the components. III. Magical effect-a teacher may prepare the outlines of a complicated diagram in advance by using monochromatic harmony.he can also trace the diagram quickly with bright colours during the class. Numerical data should be presented in the form of tables Classifications, organizations and processes are better represented by means of flow diagrams Colours should be used meaningfully,ie,to stimulate real colours,to highlight some items etc.

How to use chart effectively

Involve students in the preparation of charts Every details written in the chart should be visible to all pupil in the class It should not contains too many point It should possess neat appearance Charts should be carefully stored and preserved for future Use pointer to point out specific factors in he chart Teacher should make sure that there is a provision for hanging the chart.