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RF & Microwave Engineering Code: EC 701 Credits: 4 1. Introduction: RF & Microwave Spectrum, Historical Background, Typical applications of RF & Microwaves 2. Microwave Waveguides : Rectangular and Circular Waveguides Mode structures, Cut-off frequency, Propagation Characteristics, wall currents, Attenuation constant, waveguide excitations. 3. Waveguide Passive Components: Waveguide Resonators Rectangular & Cylindrical; Resonant frequencies, Mode structures, Qfactor, Co-axial Resonators; Excitation & coupling of cavities, Design of resonators. Periodic StructuresFilters. N-port networks circuit representations, Z-matrix, Y-matrix, S-matrix, transmission matrix,; their relationships; attenuators, phase shifter, directional couplers, Bethe-hole coupler, Magic tee, hybrid ring, circulators, isolators, antennas: Horns- sectoral horns, Pyramidal horns, Parabolic reflector, Cassigran feed, Patch antennas, antenna arrays. Scattering matrix representations of passive components. Transitions: coaxial lines to waveguide, to micro-strip lines. Design of transitions. 4. Planar structure: Strip lines, Micro-strip lines, coplanar structure, Slot lines, Suspended strip lines, Fin lines Configurations, Field patterns, propagation characteristics, Design considerations. Comparison of characteristics of lines. 5. Microwave Tubes: Limitations of conventional tubes in microwaves; Multi-cavity Klystron, Reflex klystron; Magnetron, Travelling wave tube, Backward wave oscillator working principles, characteristics. 6. Semiconductor Microwave Devices: Tunnel diode; Gunn diodedesign considerations for their waveguide mount. Avalanche diode IMPATT, TRAPATT, Microwave bipolar transistor, hetero-junction bipolar transistor, Microwave field-effect transistorJFET, MOSFET, MESFET, Parametric amplifiers; ICs 7. Applications of Microwave Radar systems Pulsed radar, MTI, Tracking radars, Altimeter- Principles of operation, applications. Satellite communication systems - basic working principles. Up-link & down-link gain budgets. Industrial applications: Process control, Measurement Techniques of parameters, A few examples of industrial measurements: Thickness of dielectric sheets, diameters of wires, Moisture content in solid & liquids. Doppler sensors, Microwave heating, its applications. Applicators for bio-med applications. 8. Microwave Measurements: Microwave Bench, Slotted line, Tuneable Probe, VSWR Meter, Slide screw tuner, Variable shorted line operating principles with diagrams. Measurements of VSWR Low, Medium and High, Measurement of Power Calorimetric method, Thermocouple, Bolometers, Frequency measurement, Impedance measurement by shift in minima. Network Analysers, TDR, and Spectrum analyser.