Chapter 4

Data and Knowledge Management

1. Recognize the importance of data, the issues involved in managing these data, and the data life cycle. 2. Describe the sources of data and explain how data are collected. 3. Explain the advantages of the database approach. 4. Explain the operation of data warehousing and its role in decision support. 5. Explain data governance and how it helps to produce high-quality data. 6. Define knowledge and describe the different types of knowledge.

Lesson 4 Managing Data Resources

Learning Objectives
To analyse the reasons for organisations having trouble in finding their required information. To understand the benefits of database management system in .improving the organisation of information To learn the various types of database models affecting the way a business can access and use information To know about the requirements of a database environment

4.1 Introduction
Effective use of information depends on how data are stored, organised and accessed in an organisation. Proper delivery of information not only depends upon the capabilities of computer hardware and software but also on the organisations ability to manage data as an important resource. After seeing the unwilling to make the requisite organisational changes. Moving to database environment can be a costly long-term process. In addition to the cost of DBMS Software, related hardware, and data modeling, organizations should anticipate heavy expenditure for integrating, merging and standardizing their data that will populate their database to eliminate inconsistencies, redundancies and errors that typically arise when overlapping data are stored and maintained by different systems and different functional areas. You should understand the managerial and organisational requirements as well as the technologies for managing data as a resource. Organizations need to manage their data assets very carefully to make sure that the data can be easily accessed and managed by the managers and employees across the organisation. First, we describe the typical challenges facing business trying to access information using traditional file management technologies. Then we describe the technology of database management systems, which can overcome many of the drawbacks of traditional file management systems and provide the firm wide integration of information required for digital firm applications.

4.2 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment

Information is becoming as important a business resource as money, material, and people. Businesses are realizing the competitive advantage they can gain over their competition through useful information, not just data. Why should you know about organizing data? Because it's almost inevitable that some day you'll be establishing or at least working with a database of some kind. As with anything else, understanding the lingo

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Chapter 6

Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management