Adeola Adesokan (D03511372)

Case Study 2 ( Spring field express)

a). Variable cost per passenger=$70.00
Full fare per passenger=$160.00
Contribution margin = $ 160- $ 70 = $ 90 per passenger
Contribution margin ratio = $ 90/$160 = 56.25%

Break-even point in passengers = Fixed costs/Contribution Margin =

$ 3,150,000/$ 90 per passenger = 35,000 passengers
Break-even point in dollars = Fixed Costs/Contribution Margin Ratio=
$ 3,150,000/0.5625 = $ 5,600,000.
b). Average load factor=70% of 90
90 X 0.70 =63 seats per train car
35,000/ 63 = 556 train cars ( rounded)
c.) CM = $190 - $ 70 = $120 per passenger
90 X .60 = 54 filled seats
Break-even point in passengers = fixed costs/ contribution margin=
$ 3,150,000/$120 = 26,250 passengers
26,250/54 = 486 train cars (rounded)
d.) Contribution margin = $ 160 - $ 90 = $ 70 per passenger
Break-even point in passengers = fixed costs/contribution margin=
$ 3,150,000/ $ 70 per passenger = 45,000 passengers
45,000/ 63 = 714 train cars ( rounded)
e). Profit=CM ratio*sales-fixed expenses
Unit CM=205-85=120
CM ratio=120/205=0.5854
750,000=0.5854*sales-3,600,000
Sales= (750,000+3,600,000)/0.5854
Sales= 7,430,816
If it cost one passenger 205, then how many would be needed to generate
7,430,816=7,430,816/205=36,248 passengers.

f)). Average load factor=70% of 90=63

Load factor of 80%=72
Additional load factor =72-63=9
New fixed costs=3,150,00+180,000=3,330,000
Sale per day =50{(63*160)+(120*9)}=558,000
Sales per month=558,000*30=16,740,000
Variable cost per car=70*72=5040
Variable cost per month=252,000*30=7,560,000
CM=Sales-variable costs
16,740,000-7,560,000=9,180 ,000
Profit=CM-Fixed Expenses
9,180,000-3,330,000=5,850,000
a. New load factor=60% of 90=54
Profit=cm ratio*sales-fixed expenses
New fixed costs=3,150,000+250,000=3,400,000
CM=175-70=105
CMratio=0.6
120,000=0.6*sales-3,400,000
Sales=5,866,667/175=33524
1 car=54 passengers
33524 will fill up 33524/54=566 cars
New load=75% of 90=68 passengers
For 120,000 you need 33,524 passengers
With 68 passengers you need=33,524/689=493 cars