Analytical Exposition

MAY

Apa si Analytical Exposition Merupakan jenis teks yang berisi opini ato pendapat penulis, disertai detail atu argumen2 guna memperkuat pendapat si penulis. Tapi gag ada unsur ajakan.. Hampir sama dengan kondisi saat temen curhat dan kita ngasih pendapat ato opini buat permasalahan itu tapi kita gag ngasi saran apapun. Struktur Analytical Exposition Thesis: Menyatakan pendapat penulis (disertai poin-poin alasan/argumen untuk pendapat itu) Argument : Menjelaskan tiap poin secara detail Reiteration: Menyimpulkan/megungkapkan lagi pendapatnya Ciri-ciri Menggunakan urutan proses (first, second, next dll) Menggunakan Simple Present Tense Contoh Cars should be banned in the city Thesis Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents. Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas that causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and triggers off asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them. Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers. Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate on your homework, and especially talk to someone. In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.

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Arguments

Reiteration

Hortatory Exposition
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MAY

Apa si Hortatory Exposition? Secara umum Hortatory text sama dengan analytical, namun dalam Hortatory penulis mempengaruhi pembaca supaya melakukan sesuatu sesuai dengan pendapatnya. Jadi dalam hortatory akan ada ajakan, tapi dalam analytical tidak ada ajakan.

Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition 1. Thesis : Pendapat penulis dan poin-poin yang memperkuat pendapat penulis 2. Arguments : poin-poin dan detail untuk meyakinkan bahwa pendapat penulis benar 3. Recommendation : rekomendasi atau ajakan/himbauan Ciri kebahasaan pada teks Hortatory Exposition 1. Fokus pada penulis 2. Menggunakan kata benda abstrak seperti : policy (kebijakan), advantage (keuntungan), dll 3. Menggunakan kata kerja 4. Menggunakan modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc 6. Memakai temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc 7. Memakai evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc 8. Menggunakan passive voice 9. Menggunakan simple present tense Contoh dan struktur In all discussion over the removal of lead from petrol ( and the atmosphere), there doesnt seem to have been any mention of the diffence between driving in the city and in the country. While I realise my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever I drive, I feel that when you travel through the country,where you only see another car every five to ten minutes,the problem is not as severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads. Those who want to penalise older , leaded petrol vehicles and their owners donnt seem to appreciate thet in the country there is no public transport to fall back upon and ones own vehicle is the only way to get about. I feel that country people, who often have to travel huge distances to the nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on petrol,should be treated differently to the people who live in the city

Thesis

Arguments

Recomendation

Explanation Text
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What is it? Explanation is a kind of text that informs the process relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. It explains why or how the phenomena happen or why things are similar or different. This text is frequently found in science, geography and history text books. You may often get confused between explanation text and procedure text. Explanation text says about how or why something occurs; while procedure text comes with the instruction on how something is accomplished. Social Function Shortly it can be said that an explanation text is used to tell how or why something happens or explains the process involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.

Generic Structure General statement It states the phenomenon issue which will be explained. Sequenced explanation It is the main part of the text which explains a series of steps or events which interrelate to form the thing or a sequenced explanation of why or how the phenomenon issue occurs. Language Features

Using chronological connection e.g.: first, next, then etc. Using simple present tense e.g. Seasons come to us regularly Using technical terms e.g.: evaporation, degradation Using action verbs e.g.: runs, develops, becomes Using Passive voice e.g. The greenhouse effect can be used to designate two different things Using conjunction which shows cause and effect e.g.: because of, due to, therefore, as a result, etc.

How does global warming happen?

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global warming

Basically the Earths atmosphere (our air) is made up oxygen, nitrogen and a dozen other gases. All of these serve to capture a certain amount of heat and keep the Earth warm. Sunlight hits the Earth and is absorbed as heat. That heat radiates outward back into the air. The molecules in the air absorb and release that heat. Certain molecules that are heavier than others radiate more heat back to earth. Without these molecules from special gases, the Earth would be frozen over at around 14 degrees below zero. This absorption and reflection of heat is known as the greenhouse effect. For just as in a greenhouse heat is trapped and built up by our atmosphere. So then, if all of this is supposed to happen, what is the problem? The problem is that we keep adding to the special mixture of our air too much of certain ingredients such as Carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide or CO2 is essential to nature. Plants use CO2 and sunlight to create sugars and fresh oxygen. Still you might think fine so the plants will grow even better if we have extra CO2. That is what many scientists thought when they first examined global warming. But we only have so many plants, and our oceans, which also absorb CO2, are at maximum capacity. So all this extra Carbon dioxide goes up into the atmosphere where it blocks the release of heat leaving the earth. Gases such as CO2 that absorb heat that otherwise would have expelled to outer space are called greenhouse gases. There are quite a few of them.

Recount Text
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What is it? If you want to tell about your personal experience; presenting a diary or find a text which contains about history, biography or autobiography then the form of the text must be recount. The Social Function The purpose of a recount is to retell a past event. The Generic Structure The generic structure of a recount text is fairly simple. It consists of orientation-event-reorientation. Orientation It introduces the participants and informs the time and the place. Event It tells the event in a chronological order. Reorientation It is optional. It states the writers personal comment to the story

Language features Recount is written in past tense. It can be written from the first or the third persons point of view. First person, it happened to the person who writes the recount; e.g. I came to the museum. Third person, the writer performs as an observer who is telling the story; e.g. Tom visited the place. The connectives which are frequently used in a recount are next, then, after that, etc. Recount focuses on what an individual or a group of people did. Text Examples:

Visiting Bali

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Bali

There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decided to join the tours to see as much as possible. My friend stayed in Kuta on arrival. He spent the first three days swimming and surfing on Kuta beach. He visited some tour agents and selected two tours. The first one was to Singaraja, the second was to Ubud. On the day of the tour, he was ready. My friend and his group drove on through mountains. Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousands people. It is a busy but quiet town. The streets are lined with trees and there are many old Dutch houses. Then they returned very late in the evening to Kuta.

The second tour to Ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see the scenery but to see the art and the craft of the island. The first stop was at Batubulan, a center of stone sculpture. There my friend watched young boys were carving away at big blocks of stone. The next stop was Celuk, a center for silversmiths and goldensmiths. After that he stopped a little while for lunch at Sukawati and on to mass. Mass is a tourist center My friend ten-day-stay ended very quickly beside his two tour, all his day was spent on the beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every day. He was quiet satisfied.

Description Text
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What is it? A descriptive text is a kind of text which describes the characteristics of something in order to make clear impression of a person, place, object or event. You may employ descriptive text to describe a certain place of your favorite with its details, the appearance your best friend, your pet, etc. You can use descriptive text to take on your readers attention, create characters, and form a particular mood or atmosphere about the subjects being described. Social Function As mentioned above, you surely can draw in your mind that the social function of a descriptive text is to describe a particular place, thing or person. It says what a person, thing or place is like.

Generic Structure Identification It mentions the special participant or subject which will be described. Description It states the part, quality, and characteristics of the subject. Language Features

Using third person pronoun, e.g. he, she, it. Using adjectives and compound adjectives e.g. a beautiful lady, a quite expensive red car. Using simple present tense e.g. She is a kind hearted person, The car is very attractive. Using degree of comparison e.g. It is more expensive than that one. Using metaphors to create images/pictures in the mind e.g. Her eyebrows are just like successive ants.

Kuta Beach in Bali

By R. Meester

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Kuta Beach

Kuta Beach offers one of the most affordable beach vacations in Bali. There is never a lack of things to do or see in and around Kuta Beach in Bali. Besides the fun in the sun, the Bali Kuta Coast offers you the chance to go deep sea fishing or parasailing, exciting bungee jumping or just take an ocean scuba diving tour and get up close and personal with the awesome underwater life in Bali. If you are prepared to explore the Bali Island with your kids, you will definitely save a lot of cash if you opt for a package tour that includes a rental car with driver. This gives you the option to explore the island at your will and not having to worry about paying any extra incurring charges. For a family holiday, Bali is truly an exceptional destination. There are so many different things to do in Bali to satisfy everyone in your family. Once your family experiences Bali as a preferred holiday destination and everything the small island has to offer, you will probably never look at beach holidays the same way again. Bali has that kind of magic especially when it comes to a pleasant tropical climate and pampering tourists from all over the world. With this perfect climate year round, Kuta Beach in Bali presents you with the perfect location for your white sandy beach holiday in Bali. The little ones enjoy playing in the sand at one of the several beaches in Kuta, while the parents can relax and enjoy sun bathing while watching other tourists also enjoying their holiday. While at Kuta Beach, you can also visit the many restaurants and cafes lining the coast, the Waterbom Park or spend time to do some quality shopping. You are within a short driving distance to all of the unique Bali attractions and temples and you can even drive to Jimbaran Beach in the afternoon to enjoy a romantic sunset dinner on one of the many dining spots right on the beach. When it is nighttime, you can kick back and enjoy the nightlife on the beach that ranges from cool jazz clubs to exiting discotheques and bars. Then, you can stay the night in a suitable Bali villa or hotel accommodation and wake up to a breathtaking sunrise on the beach. With plenty to offer you and your entire family, Kuta Beach in Bali provides an excellent beach vacation or getaway. There is plenty to do on the beach or in the vicinity of the beach to keep you coming back for more.

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Narrative Text
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What is it? A narrative is a story that is created in a constructive format (as a work of speech, writing, song, film, television, video games, in photography or theatre) that describes a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events. The word derives from the Hindi verb narrare, to recount, and is related to the adjective gnarus, knowing or skilled. Ultimately its origin is found in the Proto-Indo-European root gn?-, to know (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative). The Social Function The social function of narrative is to amuse, entertain and to deal with an actual or vicarious experience in different ways. It also deals with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution. Story, as an important part of culture, is very identical to the narrative. Story or narrative can be used to convey moral value which is very helpful to build ones personality. Even a character of a nation can very much be influenced by stories (fairy tale, legend, fable, myth) which spread all over the nation and are told from generation to generation. As I have ever read that the story of Sang Kancil takes part in building the Indonesian people characteristics.

The Generic Structure Commonly a narrative text has the following structure: Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place Complication: Exploring the conflict in the story. It shows the rising crisis and the climax of the story. Resolution: Showing the way the participants of the story solve the crises, for better or worse Language Features

Using Past Tense

It is logical since the stories typically happen in the past. They can use simple past, past continuous or past perfect tense.

Using action verbs

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Action verbs are verbs that show the performance of action. They specifically describe what the subject (person, animal, force of nature, or thing) of the sentence is doing, e.g.: run, walk, cry, scream, explode, kick, etc.

Using temporal conjunction

Temporal conjunctions express relationships with time, in the flow or sequence of events, e.g.: before, after, during/while (a period or an activity), since, until, when. Text Examples:

The Wind and the Moon

The Wind and the Moon

Once upon a time, there lived two friends in the shade of a rock. It would sound strange, but one of them was a lion and the other was a tiger. They were friends since their childhood. They knew each other from the time, when they were too small to understand the difference between the lions and the tigers. Thus, their friendship was not at all strange to them. Moreover, the part of the mountain under which they lived was peaceful; it could be due to the presence of a monk who lived under the same rock. He was a hermit, one who lives far away from worldly affairs. One day, the two friends got into a stupid argument for some unknown reason. The Tiger said, Everyone knows that cold comes when the moon decreases from full to new. The Lion said, You are a stupid fellow. From where did you hear such nonsense? Everyone knows that cold comes when the moon increases from new to full.

The argument between them became stronger and stronger. Both of them were firm at their own opinion. They could not arrive at any conclusion to resolve the growing disagreement. They even started calling ill names to each other. Suddenly, they thought that like this they would lose their friendship. At last, they decided to go and ask the learned monk, who would definitely know about the actual answer. Both of them went together to the peaceful monk and bowed respectfully before him. The hermit asked them the reason for their sudden arrival. They put their question to him and said, Sir, only

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you can answer to this problematic question. The hermit thought for a while and said, It can be cold in any phase of the moon, from new to full and back to new again. It is the wind that brings the cold, whether from west or north or east. Therefore, both of you are right and neither of you is defeated by the other. The hermit also said, Both of you share healthy friendship since your childhood. It is not good to get into arguments and think about separation. The most important thing is to live without conflict, to remain united. Unity is best by all means. The Lion and the Tiger understood the message of the wise monk. They thanked him for the kind suggestion given by him. Both of them lived happily thereafter as good friends. Moral: Weather comes and weather goes, but friendship remains

The Types/ Genres of Texts

No Types of Text 1 Narrative About Purpose story: fairy tale, legend, fable, to amuse, entertain myth, mystery, romance, horror, the readers science fiction, etc. Generic Structure orientationevaluationcomplicationresolutionreorientation orientation-eventreorientation orientation-eventtwist newsworthy eventsbackgroundsources identificationdescription general classificationdescription

Recount

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Spoof News Item

personal experience, diary, history, biography, autobiography funny story news

to tell the past event

Description

specific description

Report

general description

Explanation

the process

Procedure

the ways or steps

to tell humorous story with twist to inform listeners or readers about events of the day considered important to describe a particular person, place or thing to describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, man-made and social phenomena to explain the process involved in the formation or working of natural or sociocultural phenomena to describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps

general statementexplanation

goal-material-steps

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Analytical Exposition Hortatory Exposition

opinion with reiteration

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opinion with recommendation (should/not or must/not)

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Discussion

opinion with for or against arguments opinion about art work, film, book, song, exhibition, etc.

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Review

to persuade the readers that something is the case to persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case to present at least two points of views about an issue to criticize an art work or event

thesis-argumentreiteration thesis-argumentrecommendation

issue-arguments for and againstconclusion orientationinterpretative recount-evaluationsummation

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