Discussion

There are mainly three ways a communication can happen between a transmitter and a receiver. Most basic but less noise method would be the direct cable link between the two ends. The second one is the wireless links instead of using cables. In the latter method there should be a direct link between the transmitter and the receiver or otherwise there should be several repeaters in between to carry the data from one end to the other. When this is not possible the other option is to use satellite communications. But the biggest problem here is that the useful information has to travel great distance from the earth station to satellite and from there to the receiver. In travelling the signal is very much corrupted by the free space noise and many other noises. Even though the satellite having received the signal, add some gain to the signal that gain is not thats much higher and therefore error correcting codes will have to be used for sure. Even though the signal degradation is there since satellite communication has a lot of advantages that the other systems dont have. The satellite communication is very helpful for the people staying in remote areas. For communication in defense operations. The satellite communication services are very much helpful during the time of natural disasters. Provide and can predict weather changes. Coverage is very much higher. Satellite communication services being so portable are very easy to install and user-friendly as well. Etc. In a satellite system if we calculate (C/No), that is very much lesser compared to other systems.
Noise power -84.56 dB Channel LNB frequency (MHz) Symbol rate(ksPs) Polarity Trans Frequency (MHz) Video PID Audio PID Spectrum Analyzer Power level (dBm) IF frequency (GHz) Nick 05150 26660 V 4039 40 39 -59.48 1.112 ARY 05150 26660 V 4039 512 650 -59.48 1.112 ATV 05150 13330 V 4070 514 670 -61.53 1.080 PTV Global 05150 2890 V 4081 308 256 -60.47 1.068 PTV Home 05150 13330 V 4070 512 650 -61.53 1.080

In satellite communication we use C/N as the measurement to check the quality of the channel. This ration can be easily used in aligning the satellite dishes between the two TRX ends. But C/N doesnt give more insight in to what is happening to our information signal. For that we have to derive SNR or Eb/No values because in Eb/No calculation we have to take in to account the modulation schemes used, signal power of the information signal, noise level. Average noise power =-85dB Average carrier power =-60dB

So the C/N ratio

= C (in dB)-N (in dB) = 25dB// This value is acceptable for satellite communication to be non interruptible. But C/N is severely affected in rainy conditions and due to a lot of other factors. If we calculate the Eb/No or SNR values using the above data then we can see that the values are very much lower compared to other systems. So we can say that if we can increase the bit power, we can overcome this. But because of some limitations in the satellite as well as in the earth station we always cant do that. Therefore what is done is that to use forward error correcting codes to correct the errors caused by the noise. Though satellite communication has noise interruption as the main disadvantage because of many advantages mentioned above it is still a very important communication system. Still there is no technology which can give a comparable coverage like satellite. So satellite communication will be there until a technology which has more qualities than that of satellites.