IIAR Ammonia Refrigeration Education and Training Program Sorta UTM Cciiee (Uke Lord Module 3 - EvaporatorsIIAR Basic Ammonia y Refrigeration Module 3 - Evaporators Lesson 1 In Module 2 we leaned about the major components that make up industrial reftigeration systems. Most large industrial systems (Fig. 1) have a receiver. A receiver contains the supply of liquid ammonia necessary to operate the system when needed upon demand. ey "a Por Re) Cae one Evaporator m a S ha Liquid ammonia flows from the receiver through a pressure reduction device — Which in chs case is an expansion valve — and into the vessel. As it passes through the expansion valve, the pressure and temperature of the ammonia refrigerant are lowered. A pump moves the cold ammonia fiom the vessel, through a metering valve and into an evaporator. While the liquid ammonia passes through the evaporator, it absorbs heat and converts to a vapor. A compressor draws the ammonia vapor through the vessel from the evaporator. As the ammonia vapor passes through the compressor, it undergoes an increase in preture and temperature. The compressor then delivers the supehened vapor o 3 -sure and temperature allow the ammonia vapor to In che c ject th ‘compressor. The ammonia vapor condenses and returns to a liquid. om the condenser into the receiver. The liquid The liquid ammonia flow ammonia collecs in the receiver where it is held for reuse in the system, Fig. 1 Module 3In Module 2 we also explained the role of the pressure reduction device in the system, In this module, we focus on some of the differenc types of evaporators in use in industrial refrigeration systems, One kind of evaporator isa blower coil unit, also known as a forced convection ereporsae Howey iit or commonly tered wo arapairenit wnt eA OE always located in the area co be cooled. Another kind of evaporator is known 2s aliquid chiller, usually a shell and tube evaporator. Generally, these evaporators ate used with secondary refrigeration systems and are located in the machinery room. Liquid chillers are used to extract hheat fiom a coolane that flows through the secondary refrigeration system, AA third kind of evaporator isa plate and frame. These evaporators are also commonly used to chill liquids. The plate and frame evaporator is growing in popularity for use in ammonia refrigeration systems. eg ‘An air unit is the evaporator most ‘commonly found in large industrial refrigeration systems. Ie direcly cools the ar in the space to be refigerated. Ammonia refrigerant flows into the craporator through an inlet header (Fig, 2) which concains a distribution device. The inlet header makes certain that all of the heat exchange surface receives an equal supply of liquid refrigerant. ‘The heat exchange surface in an, erg evaporator is a coil which consists of tubes or tubes with fins. The evaporation process actually occurs de the coil. Fig. 2 ‘A fan circulates air from the arca to be cooled over the heat exchange surface. The fan can either blow or draw air over and around the coil. The heat contained in the air is absorbed through the coil wals by the ammonia refrigerant, resulting in a change of state, In other words, the ammonia boils and converts co) to vapor ‘An outlet header collets the vapor and directs it to the compressor suction por. These part ae all buile into a casing, along with coil supports, a fan housing (shroud) and 2 drain pan (Fig. 3). Col supports hold the col in place. The fan housing fr shroud, encases che fan blades and directs che efficient flow of ait Le cover the coil, The drain pan Cr ed collects any water, known as at colleets on the of the coil a Fig. 3 Module 3