THIOUREA (10%) DOPED TRISGLYCINE ZINCHLORIDE Chapter IV Introduction Synthesis and Growth Single Crystal XRD FTTR Analysis

UV-Vis-NIR Studies Vickers Micro Hardness Conclusion

INTRODUCTION ABOUT CRYSTAL GROWTH Crystal multidisciplinary growth nature is of a highly crystal multidisciplinary growth technology field. this

demands

collaborations of chemical of process engineers, maternal scientists, numerical simulation specialists, physicists, crystallographers, etc., The crystal growth technique had started around 300 B.C., about the crystallization process and the preparation of sugar from sugar care syrup was mentioned by Ray (1956) in India. Today crystals are the pillars of modern technology without crystals there would be no any industries such that electronic industry, photonic industry & fiber optic communication. Very little modern optical equipment and also some very important gaps in conventional production engineering. The progress in crystal growth is highly demand in view of its essential rule for the development of several areas such as production of high efficiency photovoltaic cells and detection for alternative energy and medicine and the fabrication of bright long lifetime LEDs for saving energy by wide use in illumination & traffic light.

SIGNIFICANCE OF SINGLE CRYSTALS The significance of crystal growth to electrical engineering, physics and chemistry is illustrated in fig.

The diagram shows that there are inter dependence between the individual discipline and crystal growth. it is a vital and fundamental part of materials, science and engineering, since crystals of suitable size and perfection are required for fundamental data acquisition and for practical devices such as detectors, ICs and for other millions and millions of application. many crystals had to be grown and fabricated in order to assess their device properties. REASONS FOR GROWING SINGLE CRYSTALS There are two principal reason for the deliberate growth of single crystal. Many physical properties of solids are obscured or complicated by the effect of grain boundaries. The full range of tensor relationships between applied physical cause and observed effect can be obtained only if the full internal symmetry of the crystal structure is maintained throughout the specimen. Crystal A substance in which the constitute are arranged in a definite geometrical form. A solid with a crystal structure a regular internal arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules is known as crystalline

substance. The branch that deals about the structure of crystals called as crystallography. The science of crystalloids done by using X-Rays, neutron beams and electron beams. Particularly x-ray plays an important role in the development of crystallography. Crystals are classified into two kinds they are: Metallic crystals ( cu, al, ag, etc.,) Non-Metallic crystal (carbon, plastic, polar etc) Fundamentals of Crystallography : Lattice points :